scholarly journals Heritability and genetic correlations of personality traits in a wild population of yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris )

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1840-1848 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Petelle ◽  
J. G. A. Martin ◽  
D. T. Blumstein
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Marmota Flaviventris

scholarly journals Heritability and genetic correlations of personality, life history and morphology in the grey mouse lemur ( Microcebus murinus )

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 190632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline B. Zablocki-Thomas ◽  
Anthony Herrel ◽  
Caitlin J. Karanewsky ◽  
Fabienne Aujard ◽  
Emmanuelle Pouydebat
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Microcebus Murinus ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Pace Of Life ◽  
Sources Of Variation

The recent interest in animal personality has sparked a number of studies on the heritability of personality traits. Yet, how the sources variance these traits can be decomposed remains unclear. Moreover, whether genetic correlations with life-history traits, personality traits and other phenotypic traits exist as predicted by the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis remains poorly understood. Our aim was to compare the heritability of personality, life-history and morphological traits and their potential genetic correlations in a small primate ( Microcebus murinus ). We performed an animal model analysis on six traits measured in a large sample of captive mouse lemurs ( N = 486). We chose two personality traits, two life-history traits and two morphological traits to (i) estimate the genetic and/or environmental contribution to their variance, and (ii) test for genetic correlations between these traits. We found modest narrow-sense heritability for personality traits, morphological traits and life-history traits. Other factors including maternal effects also influence the sources of variation in life-history and morphological traits. We found genetic correlations between emergence latency on the one hand and radius length and growth rate on the other hand. Emergence latency was also genetically correlated with birth weight and was influenced by maternal identity. These results provide insights into the influence of genes and maternal effects on the partitioning of sources of variation in personality, life-history and morphological traits in a captive primate model and suggest that the pace-of-life syndrome may be partly explained by genetic trait covariances.

scholarly journals A critical evaluation of subjective ratings: Unacquainted observers can reliably assess certain personality traits

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew B. Petelle ◽  
Daniel T. Blumstein
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Personality Assessments ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Marmota Flaviventris ◽  
Personality Tests ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Methods to measure consistent individual differences in behavior (i.e. animal personality) fall into two categories, subjective ratings and behavioral codings. Ratings are seldom used despite being potentially more efficient than codings. One potential limitation for the use of ratings is that it is assumed that long-term observers or experts in the field are required to score individuals. This can be problematic in many cases, especially for long-term ecological studies where there is high turnover in personnel. We tested whether raters who were unacquainted with subjects could produce reliable and valid personality assessments of yellow-bellied marmots Marmota flaviventris. Two raters, previously unacquainted with individuals and marmot behavior, scored 130 subjects on fifteen different adjectives in both open-field (OF) and mirror image stimulation (MIS) trials. Eight OF and nine MIS adjectives were reliable as indicated by both a high degree of intra-observer and inter-observer reliability. Additionally, some ratings were externally valid, correlating with behavioral codings. Our data suggest that activity/exploration and sociability can be a reliable and valid measurement of personality traits in studies where raters were unacquainted with subjects. These traits are observable with the personality tests we used; otherwise researchers using unacquainted raters should be cautious in the tests they employ.

The Heritability and Genetic Correlates of Mobile Phone Use: A Twin Study of Consumer Behavior

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Miller ◽  
Gu Zhu ◽  
Margaret J. Wright ◽  
Narelle K. Hansell ◽  
Nicholas G. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Mobile Phone Use ◽  
Two Samples

There has been almost no overlap between behavior genetics and consumer behavior research, despite each field's importance in understanding society. In particular, both have neglected to study genetic influences on consumer adoption and usage of new technologies — even technologies as important as the mobile phone, now used by 5.8 out of 7.0 billion people on earth. To start filling this gap, we analyzed self-reported mobile phone use, intelligence, and personality traits in two samples of Australian teenaged twins (mean ages 14.2 and 15.6 years), totaling 1,036 individuals. ACE modeling using Mx software showed substantial heritabilities for how often teens make voice calls (.60 and .34 in samples 1 and 2, respectively) and for how often they send text messages (.53 and. 50). Shared family environment – including neighborhood, social class, parental education, and parental income (i.e., the generosity of calling plans that parents can afford for their teens) — had much weaker effects. Multivariate modeling based on cross-twin, cross-trait correlations showed negative genetic correlations between talking/texting frequency and intelligence (around –.17), and positive genetic correlations between talking/texting frequency and extraversion (about .20 to .40). Our results have implications for assessing the risks of mobile phone use such as radiofrequency field (RF) exposure and driving accidents, for studying adoption and use of other emerging technologies, for understanding the genetic architecture of the cognitive and personality traits that predict consumer behavior, and for challenging the common assumption that consumer behavior is shaped entirely by culture, media, and family environment.

scholarly journals Antagonistic selection on body size and sword length in a wild population of the swordtail fish, Xiphophorus multilineatus: potential for intralocus tactical conflict

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Liotta ◽  
Jessica Abbott ◽  
Molly Morris ◽  
Oscar Rios-Cardenas
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Swordtail Fish ◽  
The Arts ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Life History Tradeoffs

Alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) have provided valuable insights into how sexual selection and life history tradeoffs can lead to variation within a sex. However, the possibility that tactics may constrain evolution through intralocus tactical conflict (IATC) is rarely considered. In addition, when IATC has been considered, the focus has often been on the genetic correlations between the ARTs, while evidence that the ARTs have different optima for associated traits and that at least one of the tactics is not at its optima is often missing. Here we investigate selection on three traits associated with the ARTs in the swordtail fish Xiphophorus multilineatus; body size, body shape and the sexually selected trait for which these fishes were named, sword length (elongation of the caudal fin). All three traits are tactically dimorphic, with courter males being larger, deeper bodied and having longer swords, and the sneaker males being smaller, more fusiform and having shorter swords. Using measures of reproductive success in a wild population we calculated selection differentials, linear and quadratic gradients, demonstrate that the tactics have different optima and at least one of the tactics is not at its optima for body size and sword length. Our results provide the first evidence of selection in the wild on the sword, an iconic trait for sexual selection. In addition, given the high probability that these traits are genetically correlated to some extent between the two tactics, our study suggests that IATC is constraining both body size and the sword from reaching their phenotypic optima. We discuss the importance of considering the role of IATC in the evolution of tactical dimorphism, how this conflict can be present despite tactical dimorphism, and how it is important to consider this conflict when explaining not only variation within a species but differences across species as well.

scholarly journals Interplay between the Genetics of Personality Traits, severe Psychiatric Disorders, and COVID-19 Host Genetics in the Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urs Heilbronner ◽  
Fabian Streit ◽  
Thomas Vogl ◽  
Fanny Senner ◽  
Schaupp Sabrina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Association ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Level Data

Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with all its impacts on our way of life, is affecting our experiences and mental health. Notably, individuals with mental disorders have been reported to have a higher risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2. Personality traits could represent an important determinant of preventative health behavior and, therefore, the risk of contracting the virus. Aims We examined overlapping genetic underpinnings between major psychiatric disorders, personality traits, and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods Linkage disequilibrium score regression was used to explore the genetic correlations of COVID-19 susceptibility with psychiatric disorders and personality traits based on data from the largest available respective genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In two cohorts (the PsyCourse (n=1346) and the HeiDE (n=3266) study), polygenic risk scores were used to analyze if a genetic association between, psychiatric disorders, personality traits, and COVID-19 susceptibility exists in individual-level data. Results We observed no significant genetic correlations of COVID-19 susceptibility with psychiatric disorders. For personality traits, there was a significant genetic correlation for COVID-19 susceptibility with extraversion (p=1.47x10-5; rg=0.284). Yet, this was not reflected in individual-level data from the PsyCourse and HeiDE studies. Conclusions We identified no significant correlation between genetic risk factors for severe psychiatric disorders and genetic risk for COVID-19 susceptibility. Among the personality traits, extraversion showed evidence for a positive genetic association with COVID-19 susceptibility, in one but not in another setting. Overall, these findings highlight a complex contribution of genetic and non-genetic components in the interaction between COVID-19 susceptibility and personality traits or mental disorders.

scholarly journals Interplay between the genetics of personality traits, severe psychiatric disorders and COVID-19 host genetics in the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Urs Heilbronner ◽  
Fabian Streit ◽  
Thomas Vogl ◽  
Fanny Senner ◽  
Sabrina K. Schaupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Association ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data

Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, with its impact on our way of life, is affecting our experiences and mental health. Notably, individuals with mental disorders have been reported to have a higher risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2. Personality traits could represent an important determinant of preventative health behaviour and, therefore, the risk of contracting the virus. Aims We examined overlapping genetic underpinnings between major psychiatric disorders, personality traits and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Method Linkage disequilibrium score regression was used to explore the genetic correlations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility with psychiatric disorders and personality traits based on data from the largest available respective genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In two cohorts (the PsyCourse (n = 1346) and the HeiDE (n = 3266) study), polygenic risk scores were used to analyse if a genetic association between, psychiatric disorders, personality traits and COVID-19 susceptibility exists in individual-level data. Results We observed no significant genetic correlations of COVID-19 susceptibility with psychiatric disorders. For personality traits, there was a significant genetic correlation for COVID-19 susceptibility with extraversion (P = 1.47 × 10−5; genetic correlation 0.284). Yet, this was not reflected in individual-level data from the PsyCourse and HeiDE studies. Conclusions We identified no significant correlation between genetic risk factors for severe psychiatric disorders and genetic risk for COVID-19 susceptibility. Among the personality traits, extraversion showed evidence for a positive genetic association with COVID-19 susceptibility, in one but not in another setting. Overall, these findings highlight a complex contribution of genetic and non-genetic components in the interaction between COVID-19 susceptibility and personality traits or mental disorders.

The genetic and environmental relationship between major depression and the five-factor model of personality

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kendler ◽  
J. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality

BackgroundCertain personality traits have long been suspected to reflect an enduring vulnerability to major depression (MD) in part because of shared genetic risk factors. Although many have agreed that normative personality is well captured by the ‘Big-Five’ personality traits of Openness (O), Conscientiousness (C), Extraversion (E), Agreeableness (A) and Neuroticism (N), to date genetically informative studies have only examined the relationship between MD and N and E.MethodQuestionnaires were completed on a website, yielding a sample of 44 112 subjects including both members of 542 same-sex twin pairs. Personality was measured by the Big Five Inventory. Structural modeling was performed by Mx.ResultsThree of the big-five personality traits – O, E and A – had small phenotypic associations with risk for MD and small genetic correlations. Two traits – N and C – had stronger phenotypic associations (positive for N and negative for C) with the following estimates of the genetic correlation with MD: +0.43 for N and −0.36 for C. N and C were moderately negatively correlated. Controlling for N reduced the genetic correlation between C and MD more than controlling for C reduced the genetic correlation between N and MD.ConclusionsA large proportion of the genetic risk for MD that is expressed via personality is captured by N, with a modest amount due to C, and small amounts from O, E and A.

scholarly journals The boundaries of the internalizing and externalizing genetic spectra in men and women

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kendler ◽  
J. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

BackgroundThe distribution and co-morbidity of common psychiatric disorders can be largely explained as manifestations of two broad psychopathological spectra of internalizing and externalizing disorders. Twin studies suggest that these spectra arise from genetic factors.MethodStructural equation twin modeling was applied to interview and questionnaire data on personality traits and lifetime psychiatric disorders on more than 5300 members of male–male (MM) and female–female (FF) twin pairs.ResultsThe best-fitting models for both the externalizing and internalizing spectra differed significantly in males and females. In males, the externalizing genetic common factor was best indexed by four disorders in the following order: antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), drug abuse/dependence (DAD), alcohol abuse dependence (AAD) and conduct disorder (CD). In females, the four disorders most closely related to the externalizing common factor were, in order: DAD, AAD, nicotine dependence (ND) and ASPD. Personality traits of novelty seeking (NS) and extraversion (E) better indexed the genetic externalizing spectrum in females than in males. In both males and females, major depression (MD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) best indexed the genetic internalizing common factor. Panic disorder (PD) and agoraphobia (AgP) better reflected the internalizing genetic common factor in women, and neuroticism (N) in men. Genetic correlations between the two spectra were estimated at + 0.53 in males and + 0.52 in females.ConclusionsThe disorders that optimally index the genetic liability to externalizing and internalizing disorders in the general population differ meaningfully in men and women. In both sexes, these genetic spectra are better assessed by psychiatric disorders than by personality traits.

scholarly journals Individual experience and evolutionary history of predation affect expression of heritable variation in fish personality and morphology

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1660) ◽  
pp. 1285-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels J Dingemanse ◽  
Fons Van der Plas ◽  
Jonathan Wright ◽  
Denis Réale ◽  
Maarten Schrama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Behavioural Plasticity ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Sympatric Population ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
History Of

Predation plays a central role in evolutionary processes, but little is known about how predators affect the expression of heritable variation, restricting our ability to predict evolutionary effects of predation. We reared families of three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus from two populations—one with a history of fish predation (predator sympatric) and one without (predator naive)—and experimentally manipulated experience of predators during ontogeny. For a suite of ecologically relevant behavioural (‘personality’) and morphological traits, we then estimated two key variance components, additive genetic variance ( V A ) and residual variance ( V R ), that jointly shape narrow-sense heritability ( h 2 = V A /( V A + V R )). Both population and treatment differentially affected V A versus V R , hence h 2 , but only for certain traits. The predator-naive population generally had lower V A and h 2 values than the predator-sympatric population for personality behaviours, but not morphological traits. Values of V R and h 2 were increased for some, but decreased for other personality traits in the predator-exposed treatment. For some personality traits, V A and h 2 values were affected by treatment in the predator-naive population, but not in the predator-sympatric population, implying that the latter harboured less genetic variation for behavioural plasticity. Replication and experimental manipulation of predation regime are now needed to confirm that these population differences were related to variation in predator-induced selection. Cross-environment genetic correlations ( r A ) were tight for most traits, suggesting that predator-induced selection can affect the evolution of the same trait expressed in the absence of predators. The treatment effects on variance components imply that predators can affect evolution, not only by acting directly as selective agents, but also by influencing the expression of heritable variation.

scholarly journals Personality Traits Relate to Chronotype at Both the Phenotypic and Genetic Level

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Lenneis ◽  
Uku Vainik ◽  
Maris Teder-Laving ◽  
Liisi Ausmees ◽  
Sakari Lemola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Diurnal preferences have been linked to personality but often with mixed results. The present study examines the relationships between sleep timing (chronotype), diurnal preferences and the Five-Factor Model of personality traits at the phenotypic and genetic level. Methods: Self- and informant-reports of the NEO Personality Inventory-3, self-reports of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, and DNA samples were available for 2,515 Estonian adults (Mage = 45.76 years; 59% females). Genetic correlations were obtained through summary statistics of genome-wide association studies. Results: Results showed that higher Conscientiousness and lower Openness to Experience were significant predictors of earlier chronotype. At the level of facets, we found that more straightforward (A2) and excitement-seeking (E5), yet less self-disciplined (C5) people were more likely to have later chronotypes. The nuance-level Polypersonality score was correlated with chronotype at r = .28 (p < .001). Conscientiousness and Openness were genetically related with diurnal preferences. The polygenic score for morningness-eveningness significantly predicted the Polypersonality score. Conclusion: Phenotypic measures of chronotype and personality showed significant associations at all three of levels of the personality hierarchy. Our findings indicate that the relationship between personality and morningness-eveningness is partly due to genetic factors. Future studies are necessary to further refine the relationship.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document