Effects of body mass and water temperature on routine metabolism of American paddlefish Polyodon spathula

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1269-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Patterson ◽  
S. D. Mims ◽  
R. A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Polyodon Spathula ◽  
Routine Metabolism

Gastrointestinal uptake and distribution of copper in rainbow trout

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (16) ◽  
pp. 2455-2466 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Clearwater ◽  
S.J. Baskin ◽  
C.M. Wood ◽  
D.G. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Simple Diffusion ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Normal Dose ◽  
Cu Uptake

A single dose of radioactive copper ((64)Cu or new Cu) was infused into the stomach of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to model dietary copper (Cu) uptake under conditions of a normal nutritional dose and optimum environmental temperature (16 degrees C, 0.117 microg Cu g(−)(1)body mass). The distribution of new Cu to the gut and internal organs occurred in two phases: rapid uptake by the gut tissues (almost complete by 24 h post-infusion) followed by slower uptake by the internal organs. By 72 h, 60 % of the dose had been excreted, 19 % was still retained in the gut tissue, 10 % remained in the lumen and 12 % had been absorbed across the gut and partitioned amongst the internal organs. A reduction in water temperature of 10 degrees C (to 6 degrees C) significantly retarded components of new Cu distribution (movement of the bolus along the gut and excretion); nonetheless, by 72 h, the fraction absorbed by all the internal organs was similar to that at 16 degrees C. An increase in water temperature of 3 degrees C (to 19 degrees C) caused a pronounced increase in internal organ uptake by 24 h to approximately double the uptake occurring at 16 degrees C. The uptake of new Cu by the gut tissue had a low temperature coefficient (Q(10)<1) consistent with simple diffusion, while the temperature coefficient for transfer of new Cu from gut tissue to the internal organs was high (Q(10)>2), consistent with facilitated transport. Internally, the liver and gall bladder (including bile) were the target organs for dietary Cu partitioning since they were the only organs that concentrated new Cu from the plasma. Individual tissues differed in terms of the exchange of their background Cu pools with new Cu. The background Cu in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (excluding stomach) exchanged 45–94 % with new Cu from the gut lumen, while tissues such as the stomach, gills, kidney, carcass and fat had 5–7 % exchangeable background Cu. The liver, heart, spleen, ovary, bile and plasma had only 0.2-0.8 % exchangeable background Cu. The gastrointestinal tissues appear to act as a homeostatic organ, regulating the absorption of nutritional (non-toxic) doses of Cu (0. 117 microg g(−)(1)body mass day(−)(1)) by the internal organs. Within the dose range we used and at optimal temperature (16 degrees C), the new Cu content of the gut tissues fluctuated, but absorption of new Cu by the internal organs remained relatively constant. For example, predosing the fish with non-radioactive Cu caused new Cu absorption by the gut tissues to double and decreased new Cu excretion from 38 to 1.5 %, but had no effect on new Cu uptake by the internal organs. Feeding fish after application of the normal liquid dose of new Cu also had no effect on new Cu uptake by the internal organs, even though the presence of food in the digestive tract reduced the binding of new Cu to the gut tissues and assisted with the excretion of new Cu. The gut was therefore able to regulate new Cu internalization at this dosage. Higher new Cu doses (10, 100 and 1000 times the normal dose), however, evoked regurgitation and increased new Cu excretion within 4 h of application but did not elevate new Cu levels in gut tissue beyond a threshold of approximately 40 microg of new Cu. Only at the highest dose (1000 times the normal dose, 192 microg g(−)(1)body mass), equivalent to toxic concentrations in the daily diet (7000 microg Cu g(−)(1)dry mass food), was the buffering capacity of the gut overwhelmed, resulting in an increase in internal new Cu uptake.

Effect of body mass and water temperature on the standard metabolic rate of juvenile yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill)

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Enders ◽  
D. Boisclair ◽  
P. Boily ◽  
P. Magnan
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate

Interactions between body mass and water temperature cause energetic bottlenecks in juvenile steelhead

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut M. Myrvold ◽  
Brian P. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Body Mass

scholarly journals No environmental effect on vaccine-induced reduced growth in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 327-338
Author(s):  
TWK Fraser ◽  
PG Fjelldal ◽  
I Sommerset ◽  
T Søfteland ◽  
O Høstmark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
High Water ◽  
Total N ◽  
Sea Cage

Oil-adjuvanted vaccines reduce long-term growth in farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, possibly via an increase in metabolic rate due to the energetic demands of the immune system. We tested this hypothesis by comparing sham-vaccinated to vaccinated smolts (total n = 2096, ca. 80 g) under different scenarios of water temperature (12 vs. 17°C, n = 1048 per temperature) and oxygen (O2) saturation (60, 70, 80, and 100%, n = 524 per O2 saturation level) in order to manipulate metabolic rate and O2 availability. We expected a more severe vaccination effect under conditions of high water temperature and low O2 saturation. Groups were kept in duplicate tanks under controlled temperature and hypoxia conditions for 7 wk post-vaccination before being transferred to uncontrolled common-garden natural conditions for 5 mo in a sea-cage. Body mass and length were recorded at the initiation and end of the controlled and uncontrolled environmental conditions. Vaccination and low O2 saturation at 17°C significantly reduced body mass (13 and 3% through vaccination and 9 and 20% through 60% O2 saturation at the end of the tank and sea-cage periods, respectively). However, there was no interaction between vaccination, temperature, and O2 saturation at the end of the tank or sea-cage period, lending no support to our hypothesis. A secondary observation was that emaciated ‘loser’ fish were mainly associated with the 17°C and low (mainly 60%) O2 saturation treatment. In conclusion, although vaccination led to a reduction in body mass, this effect was not influenced by environmental conditions expected to alter metabolic rate.

Maximum sustainable speeds and cost of swimming in juvenile kawakawa tuna (Euthynnus affinis) and chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus)

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (20) ◽  
pp. 3089-3101 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sepulveda ◽  
K.A. Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Scomber Japonicus ◽  
Chub Mackerel ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
Euthynnus Affinis ◽  
The Relationship

Tunas (Scombridae) have been assumed to be among the fastest and most efficient swimmers because they elevate the temperature of the slow-twitch, aerobic locomotor muscle above the ambient water temperature (endothermy) and because of their streamlined body shape and use of the thunniform locomotor mode. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that juvenile tunas swim both faster and more efficiently than their ectothermic relatives. The maximum sustainable swimming speed (U(max), the maximum speed attained while using a steady, continuous gait powered by the aerobic myotomal muscle) and the net cost of transport (COT(net)) were compared at 24 degrees C in similar-sized (116–255 mm fork length) juvenile scombrids, an endothermic tuna, the kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) and the ectothermic chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus). U(max) and COT(net) were measured by forcing individual fish to swim in a temperature-controlled, variable-speed swimming tunnel respirometer. There were no significant interspecific differences in the relationship between U(max) and body mass or fork length or in the relationship between COT(net) and body mass or fork length. Muscle temperatures were elevated by 1.0-2.3 degrees C and 0.1-0.6 degrees C above water temperature in the kawakawa and chub mackerel, respectively. The juvenile kawakawa had significantly higher standard metabolic rates than the chub mackerel, because the total rate of oxygen consumption at a given swimming speed was higher in the kawakawa when the effects of fish size were accounted for. Thus, juvenile kawakawa are not capable of higher sustainable swimming speeds and are not more efficient swimmers than juvenile chub mackerel.

scholarly journals Influence of Anthropometric Characteristics on Ice Swimming Performance—The IISA Ice Mile and Ice Km

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6766
Author(s):  
Beat Knechtle ◽  
Ram Barkai ◽  
Lee Hill ◽  
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Wind Chill ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
High Bmi

Ice swimming following the rules of IISA (International Ice Swimming Association) is a recent sports discipline starting in 2009. Since then, hundreds of athletes have completed an Ice Mile or an Ice Km in water colder than 5 °C. This study aimed to expand our knowledge about swimmers completing an Ice Mile or an Ice Km regarding the influence of anthropometric characteristics (i.e., body mass, body height, and body mass index, BMI) on performance. We analyzed data from 957 swimmers in the Ice Km (590 men and 367 women) and 585 swimmers in the Ice Mile (334 men and 251 women). No differences were found for anthropometric characteristics between swimmers completing an Ice Mile and an Ice Km although water temperatures and wind chill were lower in the Ice Km than in the Ice Mile. Men were faster than women in both the Ice Mile and Ice Km. Swimming speed decreased significantly with increasing age, body mass, and BMI in both women and men in both the Ice Mile and Ice Km. Body height was positively correlated to swimming speed in women in the Ice Km. Air temperature was significantly and negatively related to swimming speed in the Ice Km but not in the Ice Mile. Water temperature was not associated with swimming speed in men in both the Ice Mile and Ice Km but significantly and negatively in women in Ice Km. In summary, swimmers intending to complete an Ice Mile or an Ice Km do not need to have a high body mass and/or a high BMI to swim these distances fast.

scholarly journals Modeling the Effects of Water Temperature on Growth Rates, Gastric Evacuation and the Return of Appetite in Juvenile Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Azaza ◽  
Mohamed N. Dhraief
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Gastric Evacuation ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Rearing Temperature

Optimized aquafeeds have long been a major concern of the sustainable aquaculture development. Not only should the feed composition meet the nutritional requirements of the fish, it should also be reasonably managed (feed ration and feeding frequency) to enhance the feed utilisation efficiency, growth performance and decrease the amount of wastes. At present there is no detailed information on how rearing temperature impacts gastric evacuation rate, return of appetite (RA) and daily feed ration among tilapias, considered as one of the leading fish species for worldwide aquaculture production. The objective of this study was to develope mathematical models to estimate maximum daily feed intake for Nile tilapia in relation to feeding frequency and water temperature. Growth was measured in 480 fish (initial body mass 4.30±0.02 g) fed in slight excess, following their exposure to four thermal treatment (22, 26, 30 and 34 °C) (four replications per treatment, 21-days rearing period, growth monitoring at 5-days intervals). Gastric evacuation and return of appetite measurement were made by radiographic technique. A growth model was developed using a stepwise multiple-regression analysis against fish body mass and water temperature (r2 = 0.939, df = 15) as follow: SGR (%M/day) = -70.606 + 98.433 Log T° – 33.762 (Log T°)2 - 0.153 Log M (Log T°)2. The gastric emptying was described by an exponential function, which was found to be inversely related to the RA. The instantaneous evacuation rates (Re) determined by linearizing the data were strongly affected by rearing temperature (Q10 = 0.047) in Nile tilapia. The RA following a satiation meal was also significantly dependent on rearing temperature. Based on these data, the maximum daily feed consumption was estimated in relation to feeding schedule for juvenile tilapia reared at different temperatures. Considering that unsuitable use of feed adversely impacts on the farm revenue and profit, these results contribute to improve feed management strategies.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF CREATINE MONOHYDRATE ON BODY MASS OF SWIMMERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Grahovac ◽  
Bojan Guzina ◽  
Milomir Trivun ◽  
Goran Pašić
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Creatine Monohydrate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Research Show

The subject of the research is impact of creatine monohydrate on a mass of swimmers. The test was performed on a sample of 60 swimmers among members of the Academic Swimming Club „22. April“ divided into two groups aged between 21 and 25. All respondents are male and in good health. The respondents belonging to this population are at the zenith of morphological and motor development and are well motivated to advance in swimming. The measurement was carried out at the end of May and half of June 2008 at the premises of the Recreation Center Srpske Toplice (water temperature 28°C). The respondents were measured for body mass at baseline and after 21 days of taking creatine. The main objective of the paper is to determine whether taking creatine for three weeks shows significant differences in a mass gain of swimmers. The results of the research show that the differences in body mass between the two measurements have statistical significance.

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