Effects of pre‐harvest synthetic chemicals on post‐harvest bioactive profile and phytoconstituents of white cultivar of Vigna unguiculata grains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope Omolayo Fasuan ◽  
Chidubem Theresa Chukwu ◽  
Nneka Nkechi Uchegbu ◽  
Titilope Modupe Olagunju ◽  
Kenneth Chigozie Asadu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals

scholarly journals Biological Control and Mitigation of Aflatoxin Contamination in Commodities

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Ferenc Peles ◽  
Péter Sipos ◽  
Szilvia Kovács ◽  
Zoltán Győri ◽  
István Pócsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Ruminal Degradation

Aflatoxins (AFs) are toxic secondary metabolites produced mostly by Aspergillus species. AF contamination entering the feed and food chain has been a crucial long-term issue for veterinarians, medicals, agroindustry experts, and researchers working in this field. Although different (physical, chemical, and biological) technologies have been developed, tested, and employed to mitigate the detrimental effects of mycotoxins, including AFs, universal methods are still not available to reduce AF levels in feed and food in the last decades. Possible biological control by bacteria, yeasts, and fungi, their excretes, the role of the ruminal degradation, pre-harvest biocontrol by competitive exclusion or biofungicides, and post-harvest technologies and practices based on biological agents currently used to alleviate the toxic effects of AFs are collected in this review. Pre-harvest biocontrol technologies can give us the greatest opportunity to reduce AF production on the spot. Together with post-harvest applications of bacteria or fungal cultures, these technologies can help us strictly reduce AF contamination without synthetic chemicals.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Makroarthropoda Tanah di Lahan Persawahan Padi Organik dan Anorganik, Desa Bakalrejo Kecamatan Susukan Kabupaten Semarang

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Roma Witriyanto ◽  
Mochamad Hadi ◽  
Rully Rahadian
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Residual Hazard ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Inorganic paddies system has a negative impact as pests become resistant, environmental pollution and residual hazard. People who are aware of the impact of the application of synthetic chemicals have been applying organic farming. This research aimed to compare the abundance, diversity and dominance of soil macroarthropods  in the organic and inorganic paddies field in Village Bakalrejo, Susukan District of Kabupaten Semarang. Sampling of soil macroarthropods method used pit fall traps . Fifteen pit fall traps were set up in the research area and they were divided into three line whith respective line are 5 pit fall traps. Soil macroarthropods  which has been found were identified up to family taxon. The results of the research shows abundance of soil macroarthropods organic rice in paddy fields higher (297) than in inorganic paddy fields (236). Diversity of soil macroarthropods in every phase of rice growth (vegetative, reproductive, ripening and post-harvest) was higher in organic paddy fields (1,479; 1,644; 1,561; 1,019) than inorganic paddy fields (1.391; 0.595; 1.286; 1.002). Based on the relative abundance index, soil macroarthropods family dominated organic paddy fields in every phase of rice growth (vegetative, reproductive, ripening, and post-harvest) was lower (Gryllidae: 39.4%; Carabidae: 46.7%; Formicidae: 44.1 %; Formicidae: 48.8%) than in the inorganic paddy fields (Carabidae: 35.5%; Carabidae: 57.4%; Formicidae: 56.3%; Formicidae: 77.6%). Key words :  biodiversity, soil macroarthropods, organic farming.

Rotation and tillage effects on yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and aspects of crop water balance and soil fertility in a semi-arid tropical environment

1995 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Klaij ◽  
B. R. Ntare
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Total N ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Crop Water Use

SUMMARYA 4-year field experiment was conducted from 1986 to 1989 in Niger to determine the effects of pre- and post-harvest tillage and rotation of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L). R. Br.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) on crop yield, crop water use and soil fertility on a sandy soil. Presowing tillage increased grain and crop residue yields over the traditional system of no tillage. Post-harvest tillage resulted in lower yields than pre-sowing tillage during the last 2 years of the experiment. Millet-cowpea rotation increased yield and there were no important tillage × rotation interactions. Crop water use was similar for a dry and a wet year, but less water was held in the profile after the harvest of cowpea. Compared to pre-sowing tillage and no tillage, post-harvest tillage increased the amount of water conserved until the next season. In all treatment combinations, soil organic matter and total N content both declined on average by 62%, and soil pH (KCI) decreased from 4·6 to 4·3.

Bioactive profile of borno brown Vigna unguiculata grains as influenced by pre-harvest synthetic chemicals

2021 ◽  
pp. 101506
Author(s):  
Temitope Omolayo Fasuan ◽  
Nneka Nkechi Uchegbu ◽  
Titilope Modupe Olagunju ◽  
Oyenike Olubunmi Falola
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals

scholarly journals Bioefficacy of Selected Plant Extracts against Sitophilus zeamais on Post-Harvest Management of Zea mays

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-391
Author(s):  
SM Kaguchia ◽  
◽  
SM Gitahi ◽  
CL Thoruwa ◽  
JK Birgen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
On Farm

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal crop in Kenya with 90% of the total population relying on it as the main staple food. Post-harvest loss in maize is caused by insect pests such Sitophilus zeamais and Larger grain borer and the can sometimes be up to 90 percent. Synthetic chemicals are used to manage weevil infestation in maize. However, chemical residues have been detected on the stored maize prior to consumption. Additionally, continuous uses of synthetic chemicals have led to development of pest resistance reducing their effectiveness. This study therefore sought to evaluate a possible use of Ocimum kilimandscharicum essential oil to manage Sitophilus zeamais. The study also determined the effect of pretreating baglets with aqueous extracts of A. indica and W. ugandensis to enhance efficacy of O. kilimandscharicum oil. Laboratory experiments were carried out to establish insecticidal property of O. kilimandscharicum oil. Additionally, on farm experiments were carried out to establish the oil’s effectiveness and longevity. Maize grains were treated with O. kilimandscharicum oil in the first experiment and in the second treated maize grains were put in miniature synthetic bags treated with aqueous extracts of A. indica and W. ugandensis and stored in a granary for six months. On-farm experiment revealed that O. kilimandscharicum oil doses were effective against S. zeamais as compared with untreated maize grains. However, 10 ml per 1kg of maize grains was the best dosage. Weight loss in maize grains was proportional to the number of holed grains. Replenishment of the oil after the third month (at 6 ml, 8 ml and 10 ml) reduced significantly (p<0.0001) the number of holed grains as well as weight loss. Pretreatment of baglets containing maize grains with aqueous extracts of A. indica and W. ugandensis significantly improved protection of maize grains treated with O. kilimandscharicum oil. From the results of this study it can be concluded that plant extracts can offer a possible substitute to synthetic chemicals in post-harvest management of S. zeamais in stored maize. Use of essential oil of O. kilimandscharicum for post-harvest protection of maize grains against S. zeamais is therefore recommended

scholarly journals Effect of Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on the Nodulation of Some Varieties of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
N.B. Izuogu ◽  
T.U. Olajide ◽  
E.K. Eifediyi ◽  
C.M. Olajide
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
The University

Abstract Screenhouse and field trials were conducted at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria in 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effect of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on the nodulation of five varieties of cowpea (IT89KD-288, IT82D-994, IT93K-452-1, T89K-391 and TT97 568-18). Half of the experimental plants were inoculated with Meloidogyne incognita eggs (n = 1500) while the remaining half served as uninoculated control plants. Data on growth and yield of cowpea, root gall, nodulation, and nematodes population densities in nodules were collected. Other parameters assessed included colour of dissected infected and uninfected nodules, texture of the nodules and varietal performance of the cowpeas. The results of both screenhouse and field trials were consistent in yield and visual observations of texture and colour. The yield of nematode-free varieties was significantly higher than that of M. incognita-infected ones. Infected nodules were dark brown in colour while the healthy ones were pink. For the field trials, nodulation counts in nematode inoculated plants were inversely proportional to the number of galls in their uninoculated counterparts in some varieties. Of all varieties, IT89KD-288 was most resistant to M. incognita. Due to high cost involved in the management of nematodes, especially with synthetic chemicals, variety IT89KD-288 is recommended for use in nematode endemic areas in Nigeria. Further study needs to be done on the histopathology of the infected and uninfected roots and nodules of these cowpea varieties.

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