Reduced dietary protein level influences the free amino acid and gene expression profiles of selected amino acid transceptors in skeletal muscle of growing pigs

Abstract The present study investigated the interactive effect of functional amino acid (AA) supplementation and dietary protein level on growth performance and immune status in Salmonella-challenged pigs. Thirty-two growing pigs (8 pigs/treatment; 13.9 ± 0.82 kg initial body weight) had ad libitum access to 1 of 4 experiment diets in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with factors of dietary protein (LP: Low, 16% protein vs. High: HP, 20% protein) and 2 levels of functional AA supply (AA-: basal vs. AA+: Thr, Met, and Trp provided at 20% above requirement). After 7 d of adaptation, pigs were orally inoculated with saline containing Salmonella typhimurium (ST). Performance parameters [average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, and gain:feed (GF)] were measured in the pre- and post-inoculation periods. Blood samples were collected on d0, 4 and 7 post-inoculation for serum haptoglobin and albumin analysis. Shedding of ST (d1, 2, 4 and 6 post-inoculation) and quantification in digesta (ileum, cecum and colon; d7 post-inoculation) were analyzed. There was no effect of diet on pre-inoculation performance (P > 0.05). Pigs fed AA+ showed increased ADG (0.457 vs. 0.298 ± 0.051 kg/d; P < 0.05) and a trend for improved GF (0.67 vs. 0.40 ± 0.07 kg/kg; P < 0.10) post-inoculation compared to AA- regardless of dietary protein level. Feeding AA+ increased overall albumin levels (35.7 vs. 34.2 ± 0.9 g/L; P < 0.05) and decreased overall haptoglobin levels (1.64 vs. 1.81 ± 0.12 g/L; P < 0.05) and decreased overall shedding score of ST (2.27 vs. 2.51 ± 0.09; P < 0.05) compared to AA-. The ST counts in cecal digesta increased (2.78 vs. 2.23 ± 0.18 Log10 cfu/g; P < 0.05) in pigs fed HP compared to LP-fed pigs and ST counts in colon were reduced (2.08 ± 0.18 vs. 2.61 ± 0.19 Log10 cfu/g; P < 0.05) in AA+ compared to AA- pigs. Supplementation of diets with specific functional AA improved performance and health status of pigs when exposed to an enteric disease challenge.

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Changes in free amino acid concentrations and associated gene expression profiles in the abdominal muscle of kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) acclimated at different salinities

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.168997 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 221 (11) ◽

pp. jeb168997 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hiroki Koyama ◽

Nanami Mizusawa ◽

Masataka Hoashi ◽

Engkong Tan ◽

Ko Yasumoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Free Amino Acid ◽

Free Amino ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Abdominal Muscle ◽

Marsupenaeus Japonicus ◽

Kuruma Shrimp ◽

Amino Acid Concentrations

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PSIV-6 Differential gene expression of fibro/adipogenic progenitors between Wagyu and Brahman cattle: A possible contribution to their different meat quality

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.553 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 301-301

Author(s):

Chaoyang Li ◽

Qianglin Liu ◽

Matt Welborn ◽

Leshan Wang ◽

Yuxia Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Cattle Breed ◽

Intramuscular Fat ◽

Brahman Cattle ◽

Differential Gene ◽

The Difference

Abstract The amount of intramuscular fat directly influences the meat quality. However, significant differences in the ability to accumulate intramuscular fat are present among different beef cattle breeds. While Wagyu, a cattle breed that originated from Japan, is renowned for abundant intramuscular fat, Brahman cattle generally have very little intramuscular fat accumulation and produce tougher meat. We identified that bovine intramuscular fat is derived from a group of bipotent progenitor cells named fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) which also give rise to fibroblasts. Thus, the variation in intramuscular fat development between Wagyu and Brahman is likely attributed to the difference in FAPs between these two breeds. In order to understand the gene expression difference between FAPs of the two breeds, single-cell RNA-seq was performed using total single-nucleated cells isolated from the longissimus muscle of young purebred Wagyu, purebred Brahman, and Wagyu-Brahman cross cattle. FAPs constitute the largest single-nucleated cell population in both Wagyu and Brahman skeletal muscle. Multiple subpopulations of FAPs with different gene expression profiles were identified, suggesting that FAP is a heterogeneous population. A unique FAP cluster expressing lower levels of fibrillar collagen and extracellular remodeling enzyme genes but higher levels of select proadipogenic genes was identified exclusively in Wagyu skeletal muscle, which likely contributes to the robust intramuscular adipogenic efficiency of Wagyu FAPs. In conclusion, the difference in the cellular composition and gene expression of FAPs between Wagyu and Brahman cattle likely contribute to their distinct meat quality.

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Analysis of gene expression profiles in insulin-sensitive tissues from pre-diabetic and diabetic Zucker diabetic fatty rats

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/jme.1.01679 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 299-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Young Ho Suh ◽

Younyoung Kim ◽

Jeong Hyun Bang ◽

Kyoung Suk Choi ◽

June Woo Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats ◽

Zdf Rats

Insulin resistance occurs early in the disease process, preceding the development of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the identification of molecules that contribute to insulin resistance and leading up to type 2 diabetes is important to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of the disease. To this end, we characterized gene expression profiles from insulin-sensitive tissues, including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver tissue of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, a well characterized type 2 diabetes animal model. Gene expression profiles from ZDF rats at 6 weeks (pre-diabetes), 12 weeks (diabetes), and 20 weeks (late-stage diabetes) were compared with age- and sex-matched Zucker lean control (ZLC) rats using 5000 cDNA chips. Differentially regulated genes demonstrating > 1.3-fold change at age were identified and categorized through hierarchical clustering analysis. Our results showed that while expression of lipolytic genes was elevated in adipose tissue of diabetic ZDF rats at 12 weeks of age, expression of lipogenic genes was decreased in liver but increased in skeletal muscle of 12 week old diabetic ZDF rats. These results suggest that impairment of hepatic lipogenesis accompanied with the reduced lipogenesis of adipose tissue may contribute to development of diabetes in ZDF rats by increasing lipogenesis in skeletal muscle. Moreover, expression of antioxidant defense genes was decreased in the liver of 12-week old diabetic ZDF rats as well as in the adipose tissue of ZDF rats both at 6 and 12 weeks of age. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes were also significantly reduced in 12 week old diabetic liver of ZDF rats. Genes involved in glucose utilization were downregulated in skeletal muscle of diabetic ZDF rats, and the hepatic gluconeogenic gene was upregulated in diabetic ZDF rats. Genes commonly expressed in all three tissue types were also observed. These profilings might provide better fundamental understanding of insulin resistance and development of type 2 diabetes.

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Exploring the Mechanism of Skeletal Muscle in a Tacrolimus-Induced Posttransplantation Diabetes Mellitus Model on Gene Expression Profiles

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2020/6542346 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Chenlei Zheng ◽

Cheng Wang ◽

Tan Zhang ◽

Ding Li ◽

Xiao-feng Ni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Development ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Quadriceps Muscle ◽

Control Group ◽

Bioinformatics Analyses

Objective. Posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a known complication of transplantation that affects the prognosis. Tacrolimus (Tac or FK506) is a widely used immunosuppressant that has been reported to be a risk factor for PTDM and to further induce complications in heart and skeletal muscles, but the mechanism is still largely unknown. In our preliminary experiments, we found that after Tac treatment, blood glucose increased, and the weight of skeletal muscle declined. Here, we hypothesize that tacrolimus can induce PTDM and influence the atrophy of skeletal muscle. Methods. We designed preliminary experiments to establish a tacrolimus-induced PTDM model. Gene expression profiles in quadriceps muscle from this rat model were characterized by oligonucleotide microarrays. Then, differences in gene expression profiles in muscle from PTDM rats that received tacrolimus and control subjects were analyzed by using GeneSpring GX 11.0 software (Agilent). Functional annotation and enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) helped us identify clues for the side effects of tacrolimus. Results. Our experiments found that the quadriceps in tacrolimus-induced PTDM group were smaller than those in the control group. The study identified 275 DEGs that may be responsible for insulin resistance and the progression of PTDM, including 86 upregulated genes and 199 downregulated genes. GO and KEGG functional analysis of the DEGs showed a significant correlation between PTDM and muscle development. PPI network analysis screened eight hub genes and found that they were related to troponin and tropomyosin. Conclusions. This study explored the molecular mechanism of muscle atrophy in a tacrolimus-induced PTDM model by bioinformatics analyses. We identified 275 DEGs and identified significant biomarkers for predicting the development and progression of tacrolimus-induced PTDM.

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