Decision-making in obesity without eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Iowa gambling task performances

In the last decade, decision-making has been proposed to have a central role in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) aetiology, since patients show pathological doubt and an apparent inability to make decisions. Here, we aimed to comprehensively review decision making under ambiguity, as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), in OCD, using a meta-analytic approach. According to PRISMA Guidelines, we selected 26 studies for a systematic review and, amongst them, 16 studies were included in a meta-analysis, comprising a total of 846 OCD patients and 763 healthy controls (HC). Our results show that OCD patients perform significantly lower than HC at the IGT, pointing towards the direction of a decision making impairment. In particular, this deficit seems to emerge mainly in the last three blocks of the IGT. IGT scores in OCD patients under the age of 18 were still significantly lower than in HC. Finally, no difference emerged between medicated and unmedicated patients, since they both scored significantly lower at the IGT compared to HC. In conclusion, our results are in line with the hypothesis according to which decision making impairment might represent a potential endophenotype lying between the clinical manifestation of OCD and its neurobiological aetiology.

Download Full-text

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) in Brazil: a systematic review

Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy ◽

10.1590/s2237-60892013000300003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 160-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

André Rutz ◽

Amer Cavalheiro Hamdan ◽

Melissa Lamar

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Decision Making ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Subject Matter ◽

Iowa Gambling Task ◽

Total Sample ◽

Test Administration ◽

Gambling Task ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Cultural Variables

Background: Decision-making is a complex, multidimensional cognitive function that requires the choice between two or more options and also the predictive analysis of its consequences. One of the tools most widely used to assess decision-making in neuropsychological research is the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Objective: To conduct a systematic review of articles reporting empirical IGT studies based in Brazil. Method: Articles were obtained from multiple journal databases including ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS, and Scholar Google. Results: Thirty-six studies were included in this review and divided into four categories according to main subject matter (psychiatry & personality; demographic & cultural variables; medical/clinic; and psychometric properties & test administration standardization). In general, there was a significant growth in research employing IGT (Χ² = 17.6, df = 5, p = 0.0003), but this growth was restricted to a few geographic areas of Brazil. The psychiatry & personality subject matter was the most abundant, accounting for 14 publications (39% of the total sample). Conclusion: Since its first adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese in 2006, a growing interest in decision-making as measured by the IGT can be observed, with psychiatry & personality topics representing a large portion of the scientific inquiry to date. Nevertheless, in order to extend the initial results of Brazilian IGT decision-making research, more studies are necessary - across a more diverse range of topics, including demographic & cultural variables, and psychometric properties & test administration standardization, the areas least studied -, as is the dissemination of the IGT to more regions of the country.

Download Full-text

Different mechanisms underlying decision making impairment on Iowa gambling task in patients with eating disorders and healthy young female participants

10.5353/th_991043953696603414 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Fan Wang

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Eating Disorders ◽

Iowa Gambling Task ◽

Young Female ◽

Gambling Task ◽

Healthy Young Female

Download Full-text

Normal aging and decision-making: a systematic review of the literature of the last 10 years

Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0047-2085000000033 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 255-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Carine Carolina Wiesiolek ◽

Maria Paula Foss ◽

Paula Rejane Beserra Diniz

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Decision Making ◽

Iowa Gambling Task ◽

The Elderly ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Gambling Task ◽

Healthy Elderly ◽

Mesh Terms ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

The Face

Objective Conduct a systematic review to investigate whether healthy elderly have deficits in the decision-making process when compared to the young. Methods We performed a systematic search on SciELO, Lilacs, PsycINFO, Scopus and PubMed database with keywords decision making and aging (according to the description of Mesh terms) at least 10 years. Results We found nine studies from different countries, who investigated 441 young and 377 elderly. All studies used the IOWA Gambling Task as a way of benchmarking the process of decision making. The analysis showed that 78% of the articles did not have significant differences between groups. However, 100% of the studies that assessed learning did find relevant differences. Furthermore, studies that observed the behavior of individuals in the face of losses and gains, 60% of articles showed that the elderly has more disadvantageous choices throughout the task. Conclusion: The consulted literature showed no consensus on the existence of differences in performance of the decision-making process between old and young, but it is observed that the elderly has deficits in learning and a tendency to fewer advantageous choices.

Download Full-text

Neuropsychological Learning Deficits as Predictors of Treatment Outcome in Patients with Eating Disorders

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2145

Author(s):

Ignacio Lucas ◽

Romina Miranda-Olivos ◽

Giulia Testa ◽

Roser Granero ◽

Isabel Sánchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Eating Disorders ◽

Treatment Outcome ◽

Iowa Gambling Task ◽

Control Sample ◽

Learning Performance ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Gambling Task ◽

Learning Deficits ◽

Starting Point

Eating disorders (EDs) are severe psychiatric illnesses that require individualized treatments. Decision-making deficits have been associated with EDs. Decision-making learning deficits denote a lack of strategies to elaborate better decisions that can have an impact on recovery and response to treatment. This study used the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) to investigate learning differences related to treatment outcome in EDs, comparing between patients with a good and bad treatment outcome and healthy controls. Likewise, the predictive role of impaired learning performance on therapy outcome was explored. Four hundred twenty-four participants (233 ED patients and 191 healthy controls) participated in this study. Decision making was assessed using the Iowa Gambling Task before any psychological treatment. All patients received psychological therapy, and treatment outcome was evaluated at discharge. Patients with bad outcome did not show progression in the decision-making task as opposed to those with good outcome and the healthy control sample. Additionally, learning performance in the decision-making task was predictive of their future outcome. The severity of learning deficits in decision making may serve as a predictor of the treatment. These results may provide a starting point of how decision-making learning deficits are operating as dispositional and motivational factors on responsiveness to treatment in EDs.

Download Full-text

Impaired decision-making in symptomatic anorexia and bulimia nervosa patients: a meta-analysis

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s003329171500152x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (16) ◽

pp. 3377-3391 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

S. Guillaume ◽

P. Gorwood ◽

F. Jollant ◽

F. Van den Eynde ◽

P. Courtet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Eating Disorders ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Bulimia Nervosa ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Selection Criteria ◽

Iowa Gambling Task ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Negative Effect

Background.Impaired decision-making is a potential neurocognitive phenotype of eating disorders. It is therefore important to disentangle the decision-making deficits associated with the eating disorder subtypes and determine whether this putative impairment is a state or trait marker of the disease or more related to starvation. We systematically reviewed the literature on decision-making in eating disorders and conducted a meta-analysis to explore its role in anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge-eating disorder (BED).Method.A search of the Medline and EMBASE databases and article references was performed. A total of 23 studies (2044 participants) met the selection criteria. When the Iowa gambling task (IGT) was used in at least three of the studies, a meta-analysis was run.Results.IGT performance was significantly worse in patients with an eating disorder diagnosis (AN, BN or BED) compared with healthy controls, indicating that eating disorders have a negative effect on decision-making. Hedges’ g effect sizes were moderate to large (−0.72 in AN, −0.62 in BN, and −1.26 in BED). Recovered AN patients had IGT scores similar to those of healthy controls. Restrictive AN patients had significantly lower IGT net scores than purging AN patients, and both AN subtypes had worse performances than healthy controls. Age and body mass index did not explain results.Conclusions.Decision-making was significantly altered in patients with eating disorders. Poor decision-making was more pronounced during the acute phase than in the recovered state of AN. Nutritional status during the acute phase of the disease did not seem to influence decision-making skills.

Download Full-text

Deciphering reward-based decision-making in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis and behavioral modeling of the Iowa Gambling Task

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/j.schres.2018.09.009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 204 ◽

pp. 7-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Linda T. Betz ◽

Paolo Brambilla ◽

Andrej Ilankovic ◽

Preethi Premkumar ◽

Myung-Sun Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Iowa Gambling Task ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Behavioral Modeling ◽

Gambling Task

Download Full-text

Decision Making assessed by the Iowa Gambling Task and Major Depressive Disorder A systematic review

Dementia & Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1590/1980-57642018dn12-030005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 250-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alaise Silva Santos de Siqueira ◽

Mariana Kneese Flaks ◽

Marina Maria Biella ◽

Sivan Mauer ◽

Marcus Kiiti Borges ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Decision Making ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Iowa Gambling Task ◽

Gambling Task ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Neuropsychological Profile ◽

Prisma Statement ◽

Almost All

Abstract Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) can occur in parallel with cognitive impairment. The search for a neuropsychological profile of depression has been pursued in the last two decades. However, scant research has been done on executive functions and decision-making ability (DM). Objective: To perform a systematic review of the evidence of DM performance evaluated using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) in adults with MDD. Methods: A systematic search according to the PRISMA statement was performed on MEDLINE for studies in English using the following keywords: ‘depression’, ‘depressive’, ‘depressive symptoms’ AND ‘decision making’ OR ‘game task’. Results: Five articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified. Three reported significant differences between depressed and non-depressed individuals. The results indicated that young adults with MDD exhibited lower performance on all or almost all stages of the IGT. One study that evaluated DM in older adults with MDD showed that depressed non-apathetic participants failed to adopt any advantageous strategy and continued to make risky decisions during the task. Conclusion: Results suggest that performance on the DM task by young and old adults with MDD differed in comparison to non-depressed participants. Given the small number of articles, further studies should be performed.

Download Full-text