scholarly journals Genetic background and environmental conditions drive metabolic variation in wild type and transgenic soybean (Glycine max) seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1805-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hagai Cohen ◽  
Ofer M. Shir ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Wensheng Hou ◽  
Shi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transgenic Soybean ◽  
Metabolic Variation

scholarly journals Effect of Drought Stress at Supraoptimal Temperature on Polyamine Concentrations in Transgenic Soybean with Increased Proline Levels

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 833-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Simon-Sarkadi ◽  
Gábor Kocsy ◽  
Ágnes Várhegyi ◽  
Gábor Galiba ◽  
Jacoba A. de Ronde
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Proline Biosynthesis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transgenic Soybean

Abstract The effect of drought stress at supraoptimal temperature on free proline and polyamine levels was compared in wild type and transgenic soybean (Glycine max cv. Ibis) plants having increased proline levels. Since glutamate and arginine are precursors of both proline and polyamines, it was assumed that the genetic manipulation of proline levels would also affect the polyamine levels. The proline and spermine concentrations increased, while the putrescine concentration generally decreased or did not change after the treatments in both genotypes. Following drought higher proline and lower spermine levels were detected in the transgenic plants compared to the wild type ones, which could be explained by the increased use of their common precursors for proline biosynthesis in the transgenic plants.

Genotypic and environmental variation in seed nutraceutical and industrial composition of non-transgenic soybean (Glycine max) genotypes

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanza S. Carrera ◽  
Julio L. Dardanelli ◽  
Diego O. Soldini
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Transgenic Soybean ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Design Production

Genotype × environment interactions (G × E) induce differential response of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genotypes to variable environmental conditions with respect to seed composition, and this may hinder breeding progress. The objectives of this study were to estimate the contribution of genotype, environment and G × E to seed chemical composition variability, and to identify the most stable non-transgenic genotypes for several chemical components. Seeds from six non-transgenic soybean genotypes that were grown in 23 environments in Argentina (24–38°S) were analysed. Although environment was the most important source affecting variation for most of the analysed chemical components, genotype and G × E also had a significant effect (P < 0.001). Stable genotypes with superior performance across a wide range of environments were ALIM3.20 for protein, linolenic acid (Len), Len : linoleic acid (LA) ratio (Len/LA), δ-tocopherol (δT) and total isoflavones (TI); ALIM4.13 for protein, oleic acid, α-tocopherol (αT) and δT; ALIM3.14 for Len, αT and TI; Ac0124-1 for Len and Len/LA; and Ac0730-3 for αT. Non-transgenic genotypes with stable chemical profile across environments would perform well under a wide range of environmental conditions for any chemical compound. This study contributes knowledge for breeders to use these genotypes to broaden the genetic backgrounds of currently available commercial cultivars, or to design production strategies that employ the genotypes directly as raw material.

scholarly journals Supplier-origin mouse microbiomes significantly influence locomotor and anxiety-related behavior, body morphology, and metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron C. Ericsson ◽  
Marcia L. Hart ◽  
Jessica Kwan ◽  
Louise Lanoue ◽  
Lynette R. Bower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Disease Models ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Host Behavior ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Models Of Disease

AbstractThe mouse is the most commonly used model species in biomedical research. Just as human physical and mental health are influenced by the commensal gut bacteria, mouse models of disease are influenced by the fecal microbiome (FM). The source of mice represents one of the strongest influences on the FM and can influence the phenotype of disease models. The FM influences behavior in mice leading to the hypothesis that mice of the same genetic background from different vendors, will have different behavioral phenotypes. To test this hypothesis, colonies of CD-1 mice, rederived via embryo transfer into surrogate dams from four different suppliers, were subjected to phenotyping assays assessing behavior and physiological parameters. Significant differences in behavior, growth rate, metabolism, and hematological parameters were observed. Collectively, these findings show the profound influence of supplier-origin FMs on host behavior and physiology in healthy, genetically similar, wild-type mice maintained in identical environments.

Identification Of A Novel Gene Altered In The RQ1 Mutant Strain Affecting Motor Axon Migration In Caenorhabditis Elegans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haider Z. Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Axon Guidance ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Strong Indication ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Novel Gene ◽  
Mutation Region

Novel genetic enhancer screens were conducted targeting mutants involved in the guidance of axons of the DA and DB classes of motor neurons in C. elegans. These mutations are expected in genes that function in parallel to the unc-g/Netrin pathway. The screen was conducted in an unc-5(e53) genetic background and enhancers of the axon guidance defects caused by the absence of UNC-5 were identified. Three mutants were previously identified in the screen called rq1, rq2 and rq3 and two additional mutants called H2-4 and M1-3, were isolated in this study. In order to identify the gene affected by the rq1 mutation, wild-type copies of genes in the mapped rq1 mutation region were injected into the mutants to rescue the phenotypic defects. This is a strong indication that the gene of interest is a novel gene called H04D03.1. Promising results indicate that the H04D03.1 protein also works in germ-line apoptosis.

Farnesol restores wild-type colony morphology to 96% of Candida albicans colony morphology variants recovered following treatment with mutagens

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen C Jensen ◽  
Jacob M Hornby ◽  
Nicole E Pagliaccetti ◽  
Chuleeon M Wolter ◽  
Kenneth W Nickerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Morphological Transition ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hyphal Morphology

Candida albicans is a diploid fungus that undergoes a morphological transition between budding yeast, hyphal, and pseudohyphal forms. The morphological transition is strongly correlated with virulence and is regulated in part by quorum sensing. Candida albicans produces and secretes farnesol that regulates the yeast to mycelia morphological transition. Mutants that fail to synthesize or respond to farnesol could be locked in the filamentous mode. To test this hypothesis, a collection of C. albicans mutants were isolated that have altered colony morphologies indicative of the presence of hyphal cells under environmental conditions where C. albicans normally grows only as yeasts. All mutants were characterized for their ability to respond to farnesol. Of these, 95.9% fully or partially reverted to wild-type morphology on yeast malt (YM) agar plates supplemented with farnesol. All mutants that respond to farnesol regained their hyphal morphology when restreaked on YM plates without farnesol. The observation that farnesol remedial mutants are so common (95.9%) relative to mutants that fail to respond to farnesol (4.1%) suggests that farnesol activates and (or) induces a pathway that can override many of the morphogenesis defects in these mutants. Additionally, 9 mutants chosen at random were screened for farnesol production. Two mutants failed to produce detectable levels of farnesol.Key words: farnesol-remedial mutants, farnesol-sensing mutants, farnesol-synthesis mutants, quorum sensing, Candida albicans, morphological transition.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF HETEROZYGOSITY CHANGES ON VIABILITY IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-610
Author(s):  
Ray Moree
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Theoretical Expectation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Small Deviations ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT The viability effects of chromosomes from an old and from a new laboratory strain of D. melanogaster were studied in eight factorial combinations and at two heterozygosity levels. The combinations were so constructed that heterozygosity level could be varied in the third chromosomes of the carriers of a homozygous lethal marker, in the third chromosomes of their wild-type segregants, and in the genetic backgrounds of both. Excluding the effect of the marker and the exceptional outcomes of two of the combinations, and taking into account both large and small deviations from theoretical expectation, the following summary is given as the simplest consistent explanation of the results: 1) If total heterozygosities of two segregant types tend toward equality their viabilities tend toward equality also, whether background heterozygosity is high or low; if background heterozygosities is higher the tendency toward equality is slightly greater. 2) If total heterozygosity of two segregant types are unequal the less heterozygous type has the lower viability; the difference is more pronounced when background heterozygosity is low, less when it is high. 3) Differences between segregant viabilities are correlated with differences between the total heterozygosities of the two segregants; genetic background is effective to the extent, and only to the extent, that it contributes to the magnitude of this difference. This in turn appears to underlie, at least partly, the expression of a pronounced interchromosomal epistasis. Thus in this study viability is seen to depend upon both the quantity and distribution of heterozygosity, not only among the chromosomes of an individual but among the individuals of a given combination as well.

scholarly journals SUPPRESSORS OF snf  2 MUTATIONS RESTORE INVERTASE DEREPRESSION AND CAUSE TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE LETHALITY IN YEAST

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-753
Author(s):  
Lenore Neigeborn ◽  
Kenneth Rubin ◽  
Marian Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Suppressor Mutations ◽  
Invertase Gene ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Galactose Utilization ◽  
Yeast Genes ◽  
Recessive Defect

ABSTRACT Mutations in the SNF2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae prevent derepression of the SUC2 (invertase) gene, and other glucose-repressible genes, in response to glucose deprivation. We have isolated 25 partial phenotypic revertants of a snf2 mutant that are able to derepress secreted invertase. These revertants all carried suppressor mutations at a single locus, designated SSN20 (suppressor of snf2). Alleles with dominant, partially dominant and recessive suppressor phenotypes were recovered, but all were only partial suppressors of snf2, reversing the defect in invertase synthesis but not other defects. All alleles also caused recessive, temperature-sensitive lethality and a recessive defect in galactose utilization, regardless of the SNF2 genotype. No significant effect on SUC2 expression was detected in a wild-type (SNF2) genetic background. The ssn20 mutations also suppressed the defects in invertase derepression caused by snf5 and snf6 mutations, and selection for invertase-producing revertants of snf5 mutants yielded only additional ssn20 alleles. These findings suggest that the roles of the SNF2, SNF5 and SNF6 genes in regulation of SUC2 are functionally related and that SSN20 plays a role in expression of a variety of yeast genes.

Genetic background affects relative nonsense mRNA accumulation in wild-type and upf mutant yeast strains

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bessie Kebaara ◽  
Tara Nazarenus ◽  
Rachel Taylor ◽  
Audrey L. Atkin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mrna Accumulation ◽  
Yeast Strains
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