scholarly journals Loss of rice PARAQUAT   TOLERANCE 3 confers enhanced resistance to abiotic stresses and increases grain yield in field

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2743-2754
Author(s):  
Alamin Alfatih ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Sami Ullah Jan ◽  
Zi‐Sheng Zhang ◽  
Jin‐Qiu Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Paraquat Tolerance

scholarly journals Loss of rice PARAQUAT TOLERANCE 3 confers enhanced resistance to abiotic stresses and increases grain yield in field

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alamin Alfatih ◽  
Jiu Wu ◽  
Sami Ullah Jan ◽  
Zi-Sheng Zhang ◽  
Jing-Qiu Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Knockout Mutants ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Switch Mechanism ◽  
Paraquat Tolerance

ABSTRACTPlants frequently suffer from environmental stresses in nature and have evolved sophisticated and efficient mechanisms to cope with the stresses. To balance between growth and stress response, plants are equipped with efficient means to switch off the activated stress responses when stresses diminish. We previously revealed such an off-switch mechanism conferred by Arabidopsis PQT3, knockout of which significantly enhances resistance to abiotic stresses. To explore whether the rice homolog OsPQT3 is functionally conserved, we generated three knockout mutants with CRISPR-Cas9 technology. The OsPQT3 knockout mutants (ospqt3) display enhanced resistance to oxidative and salt stress with elevated expression of OsGPX1, OsAPX1, and OsSOD1. More importantly, the ospqt3 mutants show significantly enhanced agronomic performance with higher yield compared with the wild type under salt stress in greenhouse as well as in field conditions. We further showed that OsPQT3 was rapidly down regulated in response to oxidative and other abiotic stresses as AtPQT3. Taken together, these results support our previous findings that AtPQT3 acts as an off-switch in stress response, which is well conserved in rice. Therefore, PQT3 locus provides a promising candidate for crop improvement with enhanced stress resistance by gene editing technology.

scholarly journals Barley yield formation under abiotic stress depends on the interplay between flowering time genes and environmental cues

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Wiegmann ◽  
Andreas Maurer ◽  
Anh Pham ◽  
Timothy J. March ◽  
Ayed Al-Abdallat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Yield Formation

AbstractSince the dawn of agriculture, crop yield has always been impaired through abiotic stresses. In a field trial across five locations worldwide, we tested three abiotic stresses, nitrogen deficiency, drought and salinity, using HEB-YIELD, a selected subset of the wild barley nested association mapping population HEB-25. We show that barley flowering time genes Ppd-H1, Sdw1, Vrn-H1 and Vrn-H3 exert pleiotropic effects on plant development and grain yield. Under field conditions, these effects are strongly influenced by environmental cues like day length and temperature. For example, in Al-Karak, Jordan, the day length-sensitive wild barley allele of Ppd-H1 was associated with an increase of grain yield by up to 30% compared to the insensitive elite barley allele. The observed yield increase is accompanied by pleiotropic effects of Ppd-H1 resulting in shorter life cycle, extended grain filling period and increased grain size. Our study indicates that the adequate timing of plant development is crucial to maximize yield formation under harsh environmental conditions. We provide evidence that wild barley germplasm, introgressed into elite barley cultivars, can be utilized to improve grain yield. The presented knowledge may be transferred to related crop species like wheat and rice securing the rising global food demand for cereals.

On farm abiotic stress management in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and its impact on yield, economics and soil properties

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. P. Singh ◽  
Sudhir Singh ◽  
Anil Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Available N

The major abiotic stress limiting productivity of pigeon pea includes undulated topography, waterlogging, drought, frost, poor soil fertility. Management techniques of abiotic stresses significantly increased yield, net profit and B:C ratio as compared to farmers practice (FP). Adoption of abiotic stresses resulted in an increase of grain yield by 7.2 to 38.5% over FP. Major technological impact on grain yield compared to FP was in order: broad bed furrow (BBF) sowing method (38.5%) > nutrient management (21.0%) > seed treatment (14.9%) > short duration cultivar (7.3%) > precision land shaping (PLS) method (7.2%). Maximum additional cost on nutrient management was 2,360 ha-1 and it was minimum on seed treatment (265 ha-1), whereas saving due to BBF was .1,554 ha-1 and maximum additional net returns were obtained with BBF (30,551 ha-1) and minimum with PLS (4,804 ha-1) compared to FP. Maximum additional energy used was on nutrient management and minimum on seed treatment, whereas energy saved under BBF compared to FP. Higher additional net energy gain was with BBF followed by nutrient management, seed treatment, PLS and short duration cultivar over FP. PLS, BBF, seed treatment and nutrient management significantly increased infiltration rate and available N, P, K, S and Zn but decreased bulk density. Management of abiotic stresses by proper technologies increased pigeon pea production three times compared to average productivity of the country, resulted in increased economic benefits, energy productivity and improved soil physicochemical properties.

scholarly journals Silicon control of bacterial and viral diseases in plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nachaat Sakr
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Physical Defense ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Current Review

AbstractSilicon plays an important role in providing tolerance to various abiotic stresses and augmenting plant resistance against diseases. However, there is a paucity of reports about the effect of silicon on bacterial and viral pathogens of plants. In general, the effect of silicon on plant resistance against bacterial diseases is considered to be due to either physical defense or increased biochemical defense. In this study, the interaction between silicon foliar or soil-treatments and reduced bacterial and viral severity was reviewed. The current review explains the agricultural importance of silicon in plants, refers to the control of bacterial pathogens in different crop plants by silicon application, and underlines the different mechanisms of silicon-enhanced resistance. A section about the effect of silicon in decreasing viral disease intensity was highlighted. By combining the data presented in this study, a better comprehension of the complex interaction between silicon foliar- or soil-applications and bacterial and viral plant diseases could be achieved.

scholarly journals Characterization, Expression, and Functional Analysis of a Novel NAC Gene Associated with Resistance to Verticillium Wilt and Abiotic Stress in Cotton

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3951-3961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weina Wang ◽  
Youlu Yuan ◽  
Can Yang ◽  
Shuaipeng Geng ◽  
Quan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Homologous Sequence ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Enhanced Resistance

Abstract Elucidating the mechanism of resistance to biotic and abiotic stress is of great importance in cotton. In this study, a gene containing the NAC domain, designated GbNAC1, was identified from Gossypium barbadense L. Homologous sequence alignment indicated that GbNAC1 belongs to the TERN subgroup. GbNAC1 protein localized to the cell nucleus. GbNAC1 was expressed in roots, stems, and leaves, and was especially highly expressed in vascular bundles. Functional analysis showed that cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt was reduced when the GbNAC1 gene was silenced using the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) method. GbNAC1-overexpressing Arabidopsis showed enhanced resistance to Verticillium dahliae compared to wild-type. Thus, GbNAC1 is involved in the positive regulation of resistance to Verticillium wilt. In addition, analysis of GbNAC1-overexpressing Arabidopsis under different stress treatments indicated that it is involved in plant growth, development, and response to various abiotic stresses (ABA, mannitol, and NaCl). This suggests that GbNAC1 plays an important role in resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses in cotton. This study provides a foundation for further study of the function of NAC genes in cotton and other plants.

scholarly journals Conventional and Molecular Breeding Tools for Accelerating Genetic Gain in Faba Bean (Vicia Faba L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kedar N. Adhikari ◽  
Hamid Khazaei ◽  
Lamiae Ghaouti ◽  
Fouad Maalouf ◽  
Albert Vandenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Breeding Programs

Faba bean is a cool-season grain legume crop, which is grown worldwide for food and feed. Despite a decrease in area under faba bean in the past, the interest in growing faba bean is increasing globally due to its high seed protein content and its excellent ecological service. The crop is, however, exposed to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses causing unstable, low grain yield. Although, sources of resistance to main diseases, such as ascochyta blight (Ascochyta fabae Speg.), rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae (Pers.) Schroet.), chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.) and gall disease (Physioderma viciae), have been identified, their resistance is only partial and cannot prevent grain yield losses without agronomical practices. Tightly associated DNA markers for host plant resistance genes are needed to enhance the level of resistance. Less progress has been made for abiotic stresses. Different breeding methods are proposed, but until now line breeding, based on the pedigree method, is the dominant practice in breeding programs. Nonetheless, the low seed multiplication coefficient and the requirement for growing under insect-proof enclosures to avoid outcrossing hampers breeding, along with the lack of tools such as double haploid system and cytoplasmic male sterility. This reduces breeding population size and speed of breeding hence the chances of capturing rare combinations of favorable alleles. Availability and use of the DNA markers such as vicine-convicine (vc−) and herbicide tolerance in breeding programs have encouraged breeders and given confidence in marker assisted selection. Closely linked QTL for several biotic and abiotic stress tolerance are available and their verification and conversion in breeder friendly platform will enhance the selection process. Recently, genomic selection and speed breeding techniques together with genomics have come within reach to accelerate the genetic gains in faba bean. Advancements in genomic resources with other breeding tools, methods and platforms will enable to accelerate the breeding process for enhancing genetic gain in this species.

Interrelations among Early Vigor, Flowering Time, Physiological Maturity, and Grain Yield in Tropical Maize (Zea mays L.) under Multiple Abiotic Stresses

Crop Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Trachsel ◽  
Juan Burgueno ◽  
Edgar A. Suarez ◽  
Felix M. San Vicente ◽  
Ciro S. Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Early Vigor
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