On farm abiotic stress management in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and its impact on yield, economics and soil properties

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. P. Singh ◽  
Sudhir Singh ◽  
Anil Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Available N

The major abiotic stress limiting productivity of pigeon pea includes undulated topography, waterlogging, drought, frost, poor soil fertility. Management techniques of abiotic stresses significantly increased yield, net profit and B:C ratio as compared to farmers practice (FP). Adoption of abiotic stresses resulted in an increase of grain yield by 7.2 to 38.5% over FP. Major technological impact on grain yield compared to FP was in order: broad bed furrow (BBF) sowing method (38.5%) > nutrient management (21.0%) > seed treatment (14.9%) > short duration cultivar (7.3%) > precision land shaping (PLS) method (7.2%). Maximum additional cost on nutrient management was 2,360 ha-1 and it was minimum on seed treatment (265 ha-1), whereas saving due to BBF was .1,554 ha-1 and maximum additional net returns were obtained with BBF (30,551 ha-1) and minimum with PLS (4,804 ha-1) compared to FP. Maximum additional energy used was on nutrient management and minimum on seed treatment, whereas energy saved under BBF compared to FP. Higher additional net energy gain was with BBF followed by nutrient management, seed treatment, PLS and short duration cultivar over FP. PLS, BBF, seed treatment and nutrient management significantly increased infiltration rate and available N, P, K, S and Zn but decreased bulk density. Management of abiotic stresses by proper technologies increased pigeon pea production three times compared to average productivity of the country, resulted in increased economic benefits, energy productivity and improved soil physicochemical properties.

Nutrient availability and grain yield of winter sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) as influenced by tillage practices and integrated nutrient management in Vertisols of semi-arid tropics of India

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Patil ◽  
M. N. Sheelvanter ◽  
V. K. Lamani ◽  
R. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Available N ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Pooled Data

A field experiment was conducted in Vertisols at Bijapur during 1994-96 to study the effect of tillage practices and integrated nutrient management on winter sorghum yield and soil nutrient availability. The increase in winter sorghum yield with deep tillage over medium and shallow tillage was 27 and 57% in 1994-95 as compared to 18 and 34% in 1995-96. Deep tillage resulted in 22 and 45% higher yield as compared to medium and shallow tillage in the pooled data. This was mainly due to conservation and increased availability of moisture and nutrients, i.e. N, P and K. The higher availability of nutrients in the topsoil (0-0.15 m) as compared to the subsoil (0.15-0.30 m) was due to the application of nutrients in the topsoil layer and the higher rate of mineralization. Among the organic materials applied, Leucaena loppings at 2.5 t ha-1 led to a significantly (9%) higher yield (1636 kg ha-1) over vermicompost (1500 kg ha-1) and was on par with farmyard manure (1572 kg ha-1) in the pooled data and during both years of the study. The higher percentage increase in grain yield with Leucaena application was due to the better moisture conservation and availability of major nutrients, i.e. N, P and K. Winter sorghum responded significantly to N application at 25 kg ha-1 in 1994-95, whereas in 1995-96 and in the pooled data the response varied up to 50 kg N ha-1. In the pooled data, the grain yield increased by 17 and 24% with the application of 25 and 50 kg N ha-1 compared with the control. The higher yields obtained with the application of nitrogen were due to the better availability of nutrients, especially N, as these soils are low in available N.

Integrated nutrient management in scented rice and its residual effect on pea under paira cropping system

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-234
Author(s):  
CM Khanda ◽  
BS Nayak ◽  
Anshuman Nayak ◽  
GC Mishra ◽  
SK Mohanty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Available N ◽  
Pea Seed

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of integrated nutrient management in scented rice and its residual effect on pea under paira cropping system at Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station (RRTTS), Bhawanipatna, Kalahandi, Odisha during 2015-16 and 2016-17. Twelve treatment combinations comprising of T1 - FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 + neem cake @ 2.5 q ha-1 + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSM @ 5 kg ha-1, T2 - STBFR (Soil test based fertilizer recommendation 75 : 30 : 20 kg N:P2O5: K2O ha-1), T3 - STBFR + FYM @ 5 t ha-1, T4 - STBFR + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSM @ 5 kg ha-1, T5 - STBFR + Zn @ 5 kg ha-1, T6- STBFR + S @ 20 kg ha-1, T7- STBFR + Zn @ 5 kg ha-1 + S @ 20 kg ha-1, T8- STBFR + FYM @ 5 t /ha + Zn @ 5 kg ha-1 + S @ 20 kg ha-1, T9 - STBFR + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSM @ 5 kg ha-1, T10 - STBFR + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + Azospirillum @ 5kg ha-1+ PSM @ 5kg ha-1 + Zn @ 5 kg ha-1 + S @ 20 kg ha-1, T11 - Farmers practice (only chemical fertilizer @ 40 : 20 : 20 kg N : P2O5 : K2O ha-1), T12 - STBFR + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 were tried in RBD with three replications. The soil of the experimental site was black cotton type having pH- 6.11 , O.C.- 0.72 %, E.C- 0.004 (dS m-1), available N -175.9 kg ha-1 (low), available P-36.7 kg ha-1 (medium) and available K- 283.6 kg ha-1 (high). Geetanjali was the test variety for rice and Azad Pea-1 for pea. Application of STBFR (75 : 30 : 20 kg N : P2O5 : K2O ha-1) + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSM @ 5 kg ha-1 + Zn @ 5 kg ha-1 + S @ 20 kg ha-1 (T10) to medium duration aromatic rice (var. Geetanjali) produced higher rice grain yield (4065 kg ha-1) and pea seed yield (1044 kg ha-1) from aromatic rice -pea paira cropping system. However, application of STBFR + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + Zn @ 5 kg ha-1 + S @ 20 kg ha-1 producing grain yield (3944 kg ha-1) and pea seed yield 977 kg ha-1 is another option. Application of STBFR (75 : 30 : 20 kg N : P2O5 : K2O ha-1) + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + PSM @ 5 kg ha-1 + Zn @ 5 kg ha-1 + S @ 20 kg ha-1 (T10) recorded maximum gross return (Rs. 1,26,991 ha-1) , net return (Rs. 80,146 ha-1) and B : C ratio of 2.71. The increase in rice equivalent yield (REY) in this treatment was 51.4% higher than the farmer practice i,e., application of chemical fertilizers alone (40 : 20 : 20 kg N : P2O5 : K2O ha-1).

scholarly journals Growth and productivity as influenced by nutrient management practices on Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] in upland alfisols of Tripura

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
S Ray ◽  
Biman De ◽  
S Hazari
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Cost

Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is the rich sources of dietary protein, carbohydrate & certain minerals but its poor yield needs to formulate a nutrient management practices for higher productivity in upland alfisols of Tripura and to combat it, an experiment was conducted during three consecutive kharif seasons at College of Agriculture, Lembucherra, Tripura comprising of two levels of Lime (150 and 200 kg ha-1) in main plot and two levels of molybdenum seed treatment (0 and 4g kg-1 of seed) in sub plot and 4 levels of recommended doses, viz., 0% of RDF ha-1, 50% of RDF ha-1, 75% of RDF ha-1 and 100% of RDF ha-1 (Recommended dose @ 20:60:40 of NPK). It was revealed that by the use of 100% RDF ha-1 with 150 kg ha-1 lime and 4g kg-1 of molybdenum seed treatment leads to higher yield and return per rupee respectively. But by the use of 100% RDF ha-1 with 200 kg ha-1 lime and 4g kg-1 of molybdenum seed treatment, return per rupee was recorded at 2.98. The investigation reflects that by the use of 75% RDF ha-1 return per rupee (3.78) was less compared to 100% RDF ha-1 but significant with saving the cost of 25% RDF ha-1 and soil health from the excessive use of fertilizer for sustaining the agricultural growth.SAARC J. Agri., 13(1): 123-134 (2015)

scholarly journals Induction of water stress tolerance of mustard plants using Trichoderma as biological seed treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-441
Author(s):  
K. K. Sharma ◽  
U. S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Stress Condition ◽  
House Condition

Water scarcity is one of the main consequences of changing climate which adversely affects the plant growth and productivity. Enhanced root development results in increased surface area of active absorption for water and nutrient uptake which helps in tolerating abiotic stresses including drought in plants. Trichoderma is well known for its biocontrol and growth promontory effect in plants in addition to alleviate abiotic stress. In our study, thirty isolates of Trichoderma were grown on sterilized cow dung at different moisture content ranges from 5 to 30 percent to investigate their ability to grow and multiply under water stress condition. Mustard plants were grown under glass house condition by treating seeds with selected isolates of Trichoderma subjected to water stress subsequently. All isolates of Trichoderma grew upto 20% moisture whereas only eleven isolates exhibited growth at 10% moisture. Isolate PB23 was only isolate which was able to grow and resulted in 1.0 x109 cfu/g air dried cow dung even at 5% moisture content and induced the tolerance of mustard plants under water stress conditions when applied as seed treatment before sowing.

scholarly journals IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY, WATER AND ENERGY USE EFFICIENCY IN LOWLAND RICE (ORYZA SATIVA) THROUGH APPROPRIATE ESTABLISHMENT METHODS AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN THE MID-ALTITUDE OF NORTH-EAST INDIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANUP DAS ◽  
D. P. PATEL ◽  
G. C. MUNDA ◽  
G. I. RAMKRUSHNA ◽  
MANOJ KUMAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Available N ◽  
Energy Use Efficiency ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYRice is the major staple food crop in the North Eastern Region of India (26.2 million hectare geographical area) and the region has a deficit of 1.40 million tones of rice, mainly due to low productivity (1.72 t ha−1). Field experiments were conducted for the first time to evaluate the new techniques of rice cultivation, viz. the system of rice intensification (SRI) and integrated crop management (ICM) along with conventional rice culture (CRC) for improving productivity, water and energy use efficiency during the rainy seasons of 2004–07 at the ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya (950 m msl), India. Three stand establishment methods, viz. SRI, ICM and CRC in main plots, and five nutrient management practices, viz. recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF = 80:26:33 kg NPK ha−1), farmyard manure (FYM) 10 t ha−1, RDF + FYM 5 t ha−1, 50% RDF + FYM 10 t ha−1, and a control (no fertilizer and manure) in sub-plots, were tested in a split-plot design; only few meaningful interactions were found. Results showed a higher number of panicles per square metre under CRC and ICM compared with SRI. However, the number of panicles per hill, grains per panicle and the test weight remained higher in the SRI method. In terms of mean grain yield, ICM (4.86 t ha−1) and SRI (4.72 t ha) produced 12.8 and 9.6%, respectively, higher grain yield over CRC (4.3 t ha−1). Among the nutrient management practices, the application of RDF + FYM 5 t ha−1 (5.0 t ha−1) and 50% RDF + FYM 10 t ha−1 (4.87 t ha−1) not only produced higher grain yield of rice (23.8 and 20.5%, respectively, higher yield over control) but also maintained higher soil available N, P and organic carbon at harvest compared with other nutrient management practices. Photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher under SRI, whereas the transpiration rate was higher under CRC. The ICM method recorded maximum net return and energy output to input ratio, which was followed by SRI and CRC. Therefore, the ICM method of rice cultivation would be the preferred option for the sub-tropical mid-hills of eastern Indian Himalayas.

scholarly journals Statistical Modeling of Phenotypic Plasticity under Abiotic Stress in Triticum durum L. and Triticum aestivum L. Genotypes

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Jaradat
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein

Future challenges to the role of durum and bread wheat in global food security will be shaped by their potential to produce larger yields and better nutritional quality, while increasingly adapting to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses in the view of global climate change. There is a dearth of information on comparative assessment of phenotypic plasticity in both wheat species under long-term multiple abiotic stresses. Phenotypic plasticities of two durum and bread wheat genotypes were assessed under increasing abiotic and edaphic stresses for six years. Combinations of normal and reduced length of growing season and population density, with or without rotation, generated increasing levels of competition for resources and impacted phenotypic plasticity of several plant and yield attributes, including protein and micronutrients contents. All the phenotypic plasticity (PPs) estimates, except for the C:N ratio in both genotypes and grain protein content in T. aestivum genotype, were impacted by abiotic stresses during the second stress phase (PS II) compared with the first (PS I); whereas, covariate effects were limited to a few PPs (e.g., biomass, population density, fertile tillers, grain yield, and grain protein content). Discrimination between factor levels decreased from abiotic phases > growth stages > stress treatments and provided selection criteria of trait combinations that can be positively resilient under abiotic stress (e.g., spike harvest and fertility indices combined with biomass and grain yield in both genotypes). Validation and confirmatory factor models and multiway cluster analyses revealed major differences in phenotypic plasticities between wheat genotypes that can be attributed to differences in ploidy level, length of domestication history, or constitutive differences in resources allocation. Discriminant analyses helped to identify genotypic differences or similarities in the level of trait decoupling in relation to the strength of their correlation and heritability estimates. This information is useful in targeted improvement of traits directly contributing to micronutrient densities, yield components, and yield. New wheat ideotype(s) can be designed for larger grain yield potential under abiotic stress by manipulating yield components that affect kernels m−2 (e.g., number of tillers, number of florets per spikelet, and eventually spike fertility and harvest indices) without impacting nutrient densities and kernel weight, thus raising harvest index beyond its current maximum.

Integrated nutrient management in Oat (Avena sativa L.)under reclaimed sodic soil

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lal Bahadur ◽  
Amit Kumar Kashyap ◽  
S. K. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Straw Yield

Oat (Avena sativa L.) is used as a green fodder, straw, hay or silage. A field experiment was carried out during 2008-2009 with the concept of integrated nutrient management at Aurawan Research Centre of CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow. The treatments of the experiments were T1- Control, T2- NPK (80:40:40 kg ha-1), T3- ½ NPK (40:20:20 kg ha-1) + FYM (10 t ha-1), T4- ½ NPK + FYM (10 t ha-1) + Trichoderma, T5- ½ NPK + FYM (10 t ha-1) + PSB and T6- ½ NPK + FYM (10 t ha-1) + Trichoderma + PSB with 4 replications in randomized block design (RBD). Results indicated that all the treatment showed significant response over control. Maximum plant height at 120 days (157.7 cm), tillersplant-1 at 90 days (6.4), length of spike (38.7 cm), test weight (28.6 g), grain yield (34.9 q ha-1), straw yield (82.8 q ha-1) were recorded with T2- NPK (80:40:40 kg ha-1) which was significantly higher than all the treatments except T3- ½ NPK (40:20:20 kg ha-1) + FYM (10 t ha-1) and T4- ½ NPK + FYM (10 t ha-1) + Trichoderma, followed by treatment T6- ½ NPK + FYM (10 t ha-1) + Trichoderma + PSB showing the value of plant height at 120 days (154.8 cm), tillers/plant at 90 days (6.3), length of spike (37.6 cm), test weight (28.3 g), grain yield (33.1 q ha-1) and straw yield (81.1 q ha-1). Seed treatment with PSB (T5) also responded significantly over control in all the parameters and remained at par with T2 and T6. However, combined seed treatment with PSB + Trichoderma (T6) was much effective in comparison to single inoculation of Trichoderma or PSB.

Impact of biotic stress management technologies on yield, economics and energy indices of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) grown in Central India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. P. Singh ◽  
S.P.S. Tomar ◽  
Sudhir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Available N ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Pod Borer

The major biotic stresses limiting productivity of pigeon pea includes weeds and various diseases like wilt, sterility mosaic virus, blight and pests as pod-borer, pod-fly in field and bruchids in field as well as in storage. Results of on farm trials revealed significant impact of adoption of management techniques of biotic stresses on seed yield, net profit and benefit cost ratio as compared to existing practices of pigeon pea cultivation. Scientific management of weed, pod borer and wilt was increased in seed yield by 26.2, 46.1 and 12.2%, while saving of seed by 23.6% from bruchids compared with existing practice, respectively. Among biotic management practices, higher additional cost was observed on weed management (Rs. 2,974 ha-1) and it was minimum on pod borer management (Rs. 798 ha-1) compared with existing practices. Accordingly, additional maximum net returns were obtained with pod borer (Rs. 24,805 ha-1) and minimum with wilt (Rs. 9,401 ha-1). Interventions of biotic stresses management were significantly influenced the output, use-efficiency, productivity and net gains of energy compared to existing practices. Maximum additional net energy gain was in management of weed (25,649 MJ ha-1) followed by pod borer (13,349 MJ ha-1), bruchid (8,390 MJ ha-1) and wilt (5,325 MJ ha-1). After harvest of second crop of pigeon pea, organic carbon, bulk density, infiltration rate and available N, P, K, S and Zn were significantly increased with weed and wilt management over existing practice. Management of biotic stresses by proper technologies increased the productivity of pigeon pea of three folds (2.12 to 2.33 t ha-1) compared to its average productivity of India and also increased economic benefits and energy outcomes.

scholarly journals Effect of long - term integrated nutrient management on crop yield, nutrition and soil fertility under rice-wheat system

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1801-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Kumari ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Rajkishore Kumar ◽  
Anupam Das ◽  
Ragini Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Available N

Long-term effect of nitrogen substitution (25 to 50%) through different organics, viz., FYM (farm yard ma-nure), GM (green manure) and WS (wheat straw) on crop yield, nutrition and physico-chemical properties of soil was studied under rice-wheat system. The data of long term experiment revealed that maximum grain yield of 46.83 qha-1 in wheat was obtained when 100% RDF applied through mineral fertilizers after 50% N of RDF being substituted with FYM in rice. Grain yield of wheat declined under control and sub-optimal fertilizer inputs (50% or 75% recommended fertilizer NPK), whereas positive yield increment was observed under treatments receiving organic supplements. The analysis of soil samples showed that soil pH reduced from initial value of 7.40 to 7.22, organic carbon build-up from 0.46% to 0.76%, available N from 194.00 to 225.95 kgha-1 available P2O5 from 23.60 to 49.54 kgha-1 and available K2O from 155.00 to 189.95 kgha-1 However, available Sulphur and DTPA-Zn increased from 7.74 to 14.41 kg ha-1 and 0.75 to 1.37 mg kg-1 respectively due to long-term (29 years) integrated nutrient management practices under rice-wheat system in alluvial soil. In conclusion, substitution of 50% and 25% N of RDF to rice through organics either FYM / Green manure / Wheat straw significantly increased the crop yield and nutrient uptake of wheat as well as build up the organic carbon, available N, P2O5, K2O, Sulphur, DTPA extractable Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn of post harvest soil after 29 years of the experiment.

NUTRIENT STATUS OF SOIL AFTER HARVEST OF PIGEON PEA (CAJANUS CAJAN L. MILLSP.) AS INFLUENCED BY INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. SONAWANE ◽  
L. S. CHAVAN ◽  
A. S. LATKAR
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Available N ◽  
P Content

The field experiments were conducted in Agronomy Department Farm, College of Agriculture, Dapoli. Dist. Ratnagiri during Kharif seasons to study the “Nutrient status of soil after the harvest of pigeonpea as influenced by Intigrated nutrient Management”. Results showed that available N and P content of soil after harvest of pigeonpea were improved due to all the nutrient management treatments over their respective initial values. Application of 75 % RDF + Two foliar sprays of nutrients (Potassium nitrate 1% + DAP 1% + Boron 500 ppm at flowering and 20 days after first spray) + Biofertilizers (Rhizobium +PSB) and RDF + Biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB) remained at par and both the treatments significantly improved the available N and P status of soil after harvest of pigeonpea crop over rest of the nutrient management treatments. the values were rather higher compared to their initial levels indicating the increased production of pigeonpea without reduction in soil fertility.

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