Belowground inter‐ramet water transport capacity in
            Populus euphratica
            , a Central Asian desert phreatophyte

AbstractDrought severely limits plant development and growth; accordingly, plants have evolved strategies to prevent water loss and adapt to water deficit conditions. However, experimental cases that corroborate these evolutionary processes are limited. The LACCASEs (LACs) family is involved in various plant development and growth processes. Here, we performed an evolutionary analysis of LACs from Populus euphratica and characterized the functions of LACs in Arabidopsis and poplar. The results showed that in PeuLACs, multiple gene duplications led to apparent functional redundancy as the result of various selective pressures. Among them, PeuLAC2 underwent strong positive selection. Heterologous expression analyses showed that the overexpression of PeuLAC2 alters the xylem structure of plants, including thickening the secondary cell wall (SCW) and increasing the fiber cell length and stem tensile strength. Altogether, these changes improve the water transport capacity of plants. The analysis of the physiological experimental results showed that PeuLAC2-OE lines exhibited a stronger antioxidant response and greater drought tolerance than WT. Three genes screened by transcriptome analysis, NAC025, BG1, and UGT, that are associated with SCW synthesis and drought stress were all upregulated in the PeuLAC2-OE lines, implying that the overexpression of PeuLAC2 thickened the SCW, improved the water transport capacity of the plant, and further enhanced its drought tolerance. Our study highlights that genes that have undergone adaptive evolution may participate in the development of adaptive traits in P. euphratica and that PeuLAC2 could be a candidate gene for molecular genetic breeding in trees.

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Janus Membrane with Novel Directional Water Transport Capacity for Efficient Atmospheric Water Capture

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/d1nr01120k ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Wu ◽

Baona Ren ◽

Haohong Pi ◽

Xin Zhao ◽

Miaomiao Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fresh Water ◽

Water Transport ◽

Water Scarcity ◽

Low Cost ◽

Transport Capacity ◽

Atmospheric Water ◽

Human Survival ◽

Survival And Development ◽

Energy Independence

Fresh water scarcity becomes a crisis to human survival and development. Atmospheric water capture with remarkable advantages such as energy-independence, low-cost, etc., has been supposed as a promising way to...

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Xylem development and hydraulic conductance in sun and shade shoots of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.): evidence that low light uncouples water transport capacity from leaf area

Planta ◽

10.1007/bf00196969 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 190 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

HansR. Schultz ◽

MarkA. Matthews

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Water Transport ◽

Hydraulic Conductance ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Transport Capacity ◽

Low Light ◽

Xylem Development ◽

Sun And Shade

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ABOUT THE RESULTS OF COMPARISON OF THE PROJECTS OF THE «EURASIA» AND «VOLGO-DON 2» CANALS CCORDING TO THE MAIN TECHNICAL PARAMETERS

Prirodoobustrojstvo ◽

10.26897/1997-6011-2021-2-85-91 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 85-91

Author(s):

I. M. GALIMOV ◽

◽

S. N. LEVACHEV ◽

E. A. AGAFONOVA ◽

D. D. ALEXANDROVA

Keyword(s):

Water Transport ◽

Caspian Sea ◽

Industrial Development ◽

The Caspian Sea ◽

Design Decisions ◽

Technical Parameters ◽

Central Asian ◽

International Transport ◽

The Cost ◽

Cost Of Transportation

The purpose of this article is to compare major infrastructure projects of the water transport connection between the Caspian Sea and the Azov-Black Sea basin –the «Eurasia» canal and the «Volgo-Don 2» canal on the following parameters of comparison: the height of the watershed, the length of the canals, water supply of canals, the conditions and intensity of navigation. The need to build a new shipping canal is due to the projected increase in the volume of cargo transportation from the Caspian Sea that will cause difficulties in the existing Volgo-Don canal. The authors of the study have analyzed and summarized the research materials containing information about the design decisions on the «Eurasia» canals and the second branch of the Volgo-Don shipping canal. Realization of the project canal «Eurasia» will significantly decrease the delivery time of cargoes, including oil from the Caspian Sea and Central Asian countries to the Black and Azov sea; cut the cost of transportation between these regions in comparison with transportation by «VDSC2» (by reducing the length of the waterway); increase in the strategic plan the reliability and safety of water transport links of the two seas basins on parallel directions; create conditions for socio-economic and industrial development of the canal region s. adjacent to the track. In the case of «VDSC-2», the following prospects for construction are highlighted: to ensure the passage of the additional cargo flow expected in connection with the growth of industrial production in Russia in recent years and the corresponding increase in the traffic of industrial and agricultural goods by water transport; to strengthen Russia’s political and economic infl uence on the countries of the southeast region and the European community; to intensify the development of the domestic shipbuilding to create a specialized fl eet for effi cient operation in the conditions of international transportation on internal and external waterways; to increase capacity and, consequently, the economic efficiency of the operation of international transport corridors «North-South» and «East-West».

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Axial heterogeneity in the rat proximal convoluted tubule. I. Bicarbonate, chloride, and water transport

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1984.247.5.f816 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 247 (5) ◽

pp. F816-F821 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

F. Y. Liu ◽

M. G. Cogan

Keyword(s):

Proximal Tubule ◽

Water Transport ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Proximal Convoluted Tubule ◽

Free Flow ◽

Concentration Profiles ◽

Transport Capacity ◽

Water Reabsorption ◽

Substrate Concentrations

To measure simultaneously the concentration profiles of bicarbonate, chloride and inulin along the length of the superficial proximal convoluted tubule, free-flow micropuncture measurements were made sequentially from the end-proximal tubule to Bowman's space in 10 tubules of hydropenic Munich-Wistar rats. Bicarbonate and volume reabsorption were 354 +/- 21 pmol X mm-1 X min-1 and 5.9 +/- 0.4 nl X mm-1 X min-1 in the first millimeter and fell progressively in the remaining 3.8 mm of tubule, averaging 83 +/- 4 pmol X mm-1 X min-1 and 2.3 +/- 0.5 nl X mm-1 X min-1, respectively. The values in the initial millimeter represents a high transport capacity since they exceed rates that have been observed when comparable or even higher mean luminal substrate concentrations were presented to the late proximal tubule. In contrast, chloride reabsorption was only 206 +/- 55 peq X mm-1 X min-1 in the first millimeter compared with a mean of 306 +/- 22 peq X mm-1 X min-1 in the rest of the tubule. In conclusion, there is substantial axial transport heterogeneity, with bicarbonate and water reabsorption higher but chloride reabsorption lower in the early compared with the late superficial proximal convoluted tubule.

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Hypernodulating soybean mutant line nod4 lacking ‘Autoregulation of Nodulation’ (AON) has limited root-to-shoot water transport capacity

Annals of Botany ◽

10.1093/aob/mcz040 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 124 (6) ◽

pp. 979-991 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Emile Caroline Silva Lopes ◽

Weverton Pereira Rodrigues ◽

Katherine Ruas Fraga ◽

José Altino Machado Filho ◽

Jefferson Rangel da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Water Potential ◽

Water Transport ◽

Leaf Water Potential ◽

Root Nodules ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Transport Capacity ◽

N Content ◽

Photosynthetic Rates ◽

Root Conductance

AbstractBackground and AimsAlthough hypernodulating phenotype mutants of legumes, such as soybean, possess a high leaf N content, the large number of root nodules decreases carbohydrate availability for plant growth and seed yield. In addition, under conditions of high air vapour pressure deficit (VPD), hypernodulating plants show a limited capacity to replace water losses through transpiration, resulting in stomatal closure, and therefore decreased net photosynthetic rates. Here, we used hypernodulating (nod4) (282.33 ± 28.56 nodules per plant) and non-nodulating (nod139) (0 nodules per plant) soybean mutant lines to determine explicitly whether a large number of nodules reduces root hydraulic capacity, resulting in decreased stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rates under high air VPD conditions.MethodsPlants were either inoculated or not inoculated with Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens (strain BR 85, SEMIA 5080) to induce nitrogen-fixing root nodules (where possible). Absolute root conductance and root conductivity, plant growth, leaf water potential, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, leaf ‘greenness’ [Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) reading] and nitrogen content were measured 37 days after sowing.Key ResultsBesides the reduced growth of hypernodulating soybean mutant nod4, such plants showed decreased root capacity to supply leaf water demand as a consequence of their reduced root dry mass and root volume, which resulted in limited absolute root conductance and root conductivity normalized by leaf area. Thereby, reduced leaf water potential at 1300 h was observed, which contributed to depression of photosynthesis at midday associated with both stomatal and non-stomatal limitations.ConclusionsHypernodulated plants were more vulnerable to VPD increases due to their limited root-to-shoot water transport capacity. However, greater CO2 uptake caused by the high N content can be partly compensated by the stomatal limitation imposed by increased VPD conditions.

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