Expression and roles of GRAS gene family in plant growth, signal transduction, biotic and abiotic stress resistance and symbiosis formation—a review

Plant Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Khan ◽  
Z. Xiong ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
S. Liu ◽  
T. Yaseen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Gras Gene

scholarly journals Effects of Substrate-Binding Site Residues on the Biochemical Properties of a Tau Class Glutathione S-Transferase from Oryza sativa

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Yang ◽  
Jinchi Wei ◽  
Zhihai Wu ◽  
Jie Gao
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Substrate Binding ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Substrate Binding Site

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs)—an especially plant-specific tau class of GSTs—are key enzymes involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses. To improve the stress resistance of crops via the genetic modification of GSTs, we predicted the amino acids present in the GSH binding site (G-site) and hydrophobic substrate-binding site (H-site) of OsGSTU17, a tau class GST in rice. We then examined the enzyme activity, substrate specificity, enzyme kinetics and thermodynamic stability of the mutant enzymes. Our results showed that the hydrogen bonds between Lys42, Val56, Glu68, and Ser69 of the G-site and glutathione were essential for enzyme activity and thermal stability. The hydrophobic side chains of amino acids of the H-site contributed to enzyme activity toward 4-nitrobenzyl chloride but had an inhibitory effect on enzyme activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and cumene hydroperoxide. Different amino acids of the H-site had different effects on enzyme activity toward a different substrate, 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole. Moreover, Leu112 and Phe162 were found to inhibit the catalytic efficiency of OsGSTU17 to 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, while Pro16, Leu112, and Trp165 contributed to structural stability. The results of this research enhance the understanding of the relationship between the structure and function of tau class GSTs to improve the abiotic stress resistance of crops.

scholarly journals Combined biotic and abiotic stress resistance in tomato

Euphytica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Kissoudis ◽  
Rawnaq Chowdhury ◽  
Sjaak van Heusden ◽  
Clemens van de Wiel ◽  
Richard Finkers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress

scholarly journals Erratum to: Nicotiana tabacum Tsip1-interacting ferredoxin 1 affects biotic and abiotic stress resistance

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-176
Author(s):  
Sung Un Huh ◽  
In-Ju Lee ◽  
Byung-Kook Ham ◽  
Kyung-Hee Paek
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of the IQM Gene Family in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1949
Author(s):  
Tian Fan ◽  
Tianxiao Lv ◽  
Chuping Xie ◽  
Yuping Zhou ◽  
Changen Tian
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Yeast Two Hybrid ◽  
Iq Motif ◽  
Two Hybrid

Members of the IQM (IQ-Motif Containing) gene family are involved in plant growth and developmental processes, biotic and abiotic stress response. To systematically analyze the IQM gene family and their expression profiles under diverse biotic and abiotic stresses, we identified 8 IQM genes in the rice genome. In the current study, the whole genome identification and characterization of OsIQMs, including the gene and protein structure, genome localization, phylogenetic relationship, gene expression and yeast two-hybrid were performed. Eight IQM genes were classified into three subfamilies (I–III) according to the phylogenetic analysis. Gene structure and protein motif analyses showed that these IQM genes are relatively conserved within each subfamily of rice. The 8 OsIQM genes are distributed on seven out of the twelve chromosomes, with three IQM gene pairs involved in segmental duplication events. The evolutionary patterns analysis revealed that the IQM genes underwent a large-scale event within the last 20 to 9 million years. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR analysis of eight OsIQMs genes displayed different expression patterns at different developmental stages and in different tissues as well as showed that most IQM genes were responsive to PEG, NaCl, jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, suggesting their crucial roles in biotic, and abiotic stress response. Additionally, a yeast two-hybrid assay showed that OsIQMs can interact with OsCaMs, and the IQ motif of OsIQMs is required for OsIQMs to combine with OsCaMs. Our results will be valuable to further characterize the important biological functions of rice IQM genes.

scholarly journals Functional Markers for Precision Plant Breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4792
Author(s):  
Romesh K. Salgotra ◽  
C. Neal Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress

Advances in molecular biology including genomics, high-throughput sequencing, and genome editing enable increasingly faster and more precise cultivar development. Identifying genes and functional markers (FMs) that are highly associated with plant phenotypic variation is a grand challenge. Functional genomics approaches such as transcriptomics, targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING), homologous recombinant (HR), association mapping, and allele mining are all strategies to identify FMs for breeding goals, such as agronomic traits and biotic and abiotic stress resistance. The advantage of FMs over other markers used in plant breeding is the close genomic association of an FM with a phenotype. Thereby, FMs may facilitate the direct selection of genes associated with phenotypic traits, which serves to increase selection efficiencies to develop varieties. Herein, we review the latest methods in FM development and how FMs are being used in precision breeding for agronomic and quality traits as well as in breeding for biotic and abiotic stress resistance using marker assisted selection (MAS) methods. In summary, this article describes the use of FMs in breeding for development of elite crop cultivars to enhance global food security goals.

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis of the WRKY gene family and its response to abiotic stress in buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia He ◽  
Jing-jian Li ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Jia-qi Yang ◽  
Xiao-yang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Wrky Gene ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum

AbstractThe WRKY gene family is an ancient plant transcription factor (TF) family with a vital role in plant growth and development, especially in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although many researchers have studied WRKY TFs in numerous plant species, little is known of them in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). Based on the recently reported genome sequence of Tartary buckwheat, we identified 78 FtWRKY proteins that could be classified into three major groups. All 77 WRKY genes were distributed unevenly across all eight chromosomes. Exon–intron analysis and motif composition prediction revealed the complexity and diversity of FtWRKYs, indicating that WRKY TFs may be of significance in plant growth regulation and stress response. Two separate pairs of tandem duplication genes were found, but no segmental duplications were identified. Overall, most orthologous gene-pairs between Tartary and common buckwheat evolved under strong purifying selection. qRT-PCR was used to analyze differences in expression among four FtWRKYs (FtWRKY6, 74, 31, and 7) under salt, drought, cold, and heat treatments. The results revealed that all four proteins are related to abiotic stress responses, although they exhibited various expression patterns. In particular, the relative expression levels of FtWRKY6, 74, and 31 were significantly upregulated under salt stress, while the highest expression of FtWRKY7 was observed from heat treatment. This study provides comprehensive insights into the WRKY gene family in Tartary buckwheat, and can support the screening of additional candidate genes for further functional characterization of WRKYs under various stresses.

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