Photosynthetic physiological response of water‐saving and drought‐resistant rice to severe drought under wetting‐drying alternation irrigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibing He ◽  
Quan Wang ◽  
Lele Wang ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
Ru Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Resistant

scholarly journals Conditioned soils reveal plant-selected microbial communities that impact plant drought response

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Monohon ◽  
Daniel K. Manter ◽  
Jorge M. Vivanco
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Drought Resistant

AbstractRhizobacterial communities can contribute to plant trait expression and performance, including plant tolerance against abiotic stresses such as drought. The conditioning of microbial communities related to disease resistance over generations has been shown to develop suppressive soils which aid in plant defense responses. Here, we applied this concept for the development of drought resistant soils. We hypothesized that soils conditioned under severe drought stress and tomato cultivation over two generations, will allow for plant selection of rhizobacterial communities that provide plants with improved drought resistant traits. Surprisingly, the plants treated with a drought-conditioned microbial inoculant showed significantly decreased plant biomass in two generations of growth. Microbial community composition was significantly different between the inoculated and control soils within each generation (i.e., microbial history effect) and for the inoculated soils between generations (i.e., conditioning effect). These findings indicate a substantial effect of conditioning soils on the abiotic stress response and microbial recruitment of tomato plants undergoing drought stress.

scholarly journals Drought-resistant and water-saving plants: from laboratory to field

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
ChengBin XIANG ◽  
XiaoTeng CAI ◽  
LinHui YU ◽  
Ping XU
Keyword(s):  
Water Saving ◽  
Drought Resistant

Effects of Drought Stress on Cotton Output and Fiber Property of Different Cultivars

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 602-607
Author(s):  
Can Du ◽  
Shi Wei Zhao ◽  
Jian Du ◽  
Yao Fang Zhang ◽  
Zi Long Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Engineering Theory ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Under adverse soil situations and simulated extreme climatic conditions, use the orthogonal design method and study the effect of 3 cultivars (Xinong Kang NO.4, NO.5 and Zhong mian NO.41 on lint output and quality by conducting the coupling water saving farming practice. The results showed that K4 and K5 perform better in output than the control (Zhong mian NO.41) and appeared drought resistant to some extent. No irrigation or with few irrigation (water saving), the outputs of the plots of irrigation regions suffering from water stress are better than control (irrigating two-three times), average output is increased by 8.11%. Compared with control, the plots with optimal combination of water saving farming practices and drought resistance have higher lint outputs and various fibers, increased by 4.62%~13.76% and by 5-10% on average separately. These demonstrated that coupling of water saving farming practices and drought-resistant varieties had significant effects on cotton output and quality, it provides water-saving agriculture engineering theory basis for the arid and semi-arid area.

scholarly journals Physiological Mechanism of Drought-Resistant Rice Coping with Drought Stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benfu Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Yang ◽  
Jianping Cheng ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Yuanyuan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
Mild Drought

Abstract Drought stress is one of major threats to rice production. The weakening of leaf photosynthesis due to drought is the main reason for the reduction of grain yield, but its mechanism is still obscure. The objectives of this study were to reveal the physiological mechanism of drought stress affecting photosynthetic capacity and grain yield. Pot experiments were conducted with three rice cultivars, Hanyou113 (HY113), Huanghuazhan (HHZ) and Zhonghan3 (ZH3) under four water management treatments (traditional flooding (CK), mild drought stress (LD), moderate drought stress (MD) and severe drought stress (HD)) in 2013 and 2014. Compared with CK, grain yield was significantly reduced by 14.9%, 30.8% and 12.8% in HY113, HHZ and ZH3 under mild drought stress, 32.9%, 33.7% and 22.9% in HY113, HHZ and ZH3 under moderate drought stress and 53.6%, 45.6% and 30.7% in HY113, HHZ and ZH3 under severe drought stress, respectively. The photosynthetic rate (Pn) decreased by 49.0% from 20.0 to 10.2 µmol m-2 s-1 in HY113, and 67.6% from 23.4 to 7.58 µmol m-2 s-1 in HHZ, and 39.3% from 23.4 to 14.2 in ZH3. The Pn of HHZ was similar to that of ZH3 under CK conditions. The yield reduction of drought-resistant cultivars was smaller than that of conventional cultivars. Maintaining leaf water potentia (LWP), Pn, photosystem II (PSII) original light energy conversion efficiency, non–photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ), and increasing in the ratio of photochemical reaction energy in fluorescence and antioxidant enzyme activity, is the physiological basis to achieve a relatively high photosynthesis. These traits could be the target for breeder to developing drought-tolerant varieties.

Studies in the ecology of Nothofagus cunninghamii Oerst. III. Two limiting factors : light intensity and water stress

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
TM Howard
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Eucalyptus Regnans ◽  
Light Compensation Point ◽  
Nothofagus Forest ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
The Difference

The observation that Nothofagus cunninghamii seedlings survive only under canopy gaps in closed Nothofagus forest led to an investigation of the light compensation point for this species. The light compensation point of 6-month-old N. cunninghamii seedlings was determined as 1 .15 % of full summer sunlight. This is considerably higher than that for Eugenia smithii (0.1 %), and explains the difference in seedling regeneration patterns in these structurally and floristically similar forest types. It is closer to that for Eucalyptus regnans (1.5-1.7 %), but the slight difference may be sufficient to explain the ability of Nothofagus to invade an E. regnans forest where E. regnans seedlings themselves are unable to survive. N. cunninghamii has failed to spread onto drier sites at Mt. Donna Buang, which may be due to its low drought tolerance. However, experiments indicate that N. cunninghamii seedlings are more drought-resistant than might be anticipated from their wet cool habitat. Two-year-old seedlings in the glasshouse survived up to 7 weeks without watering, as did some younger ones. The relative turgor of leaves at incipient death was 70 %. Observations on planted seedlings in the field and natural coppice Nothofagus during the severe drought of the 1967-68 summer suggested that summer water stress is one of the factors confining Nothofagus to cool moist positions, though such severe selection may only be effected once or twice in a century.

Predicting effects of global warming on growth and mortality of upland oak species in the midwestern United States: a physiologically based dendroecological approach

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1739-1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. LeBlanc ◽  
Jeffrey R. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
River Region ◽  
Black Oak

This study combined an ecophysiological model and dendroecological analyses to evaluate potential effects of global warming on the physiology, growth, and mortality of white oak (Quercusalba L.) and black oak (Quercusvelutina Lam.) in the Ohio River region. The model integrated data for ecophysiology of oak species, site attributes, and daily temperature and precipitation to model nonlinear responses of stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthesis (Pnet), and woody respiration (Rw) to variations in temperature and soil water content. Relationships between modeled physiological response indices and actual white and black oak annual radial growth indices were evaluated by regression analyses, using growth and weather data for the period 1900–1987 for seven upland oak–hickory forests. Modeled physiological response indices explained 40–60% of variation in radial growth indices. To evaluate the effects of global warming, daily temperature values for the period 1900–1987 were increased by 2 or 5 °C, without changing precipitation values, and physiological response indices were computed. Model indices generated in warming simulations were entered into dendroclimatic regression models calibrated under conditions without any warming to predict radial growth under warming scenarios. Under the warming scenarios, OAKWBAL predicted a substantial increase in growing season Rw, but little change in growing season Pnet. Warming merely shifted the period of near-maximal Pnet earlier in the growing season, without changing its duration. However, this result was somewhat dependent upon the ability of leaf-out phenology to track changes in temperature regime. The net effect of increased Rw, with little change in Pnet, was a reduction in radial growth and a higher frequency of years with climatic conditions stressful to oaks on upland sites. A historical association between severe drought and increased incidence of oak growth decline and mortality indicated that global warming could increase the incidence of decline and mortality in oak populations on upland sites similar to those in this study.

scholarly journals Peanut Breeding for Drought Resistance1

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch ◽  
C. K. Kvien
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
University Of Georgia ◽  
Pedigree Selection ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
The University

Abstract Because drought continues to be a major limiting environmental factor in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production, a breeding strategy for developing drought resistance was initiated in the early 1980's at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station. Crosses were made between advanced breeding lines and drought resistant germplasm. Rainout shelters were used between 60 and 120 days after planting to provide mid-season drought stress so that pedigree selection could be made within early-segregating generations. Eight pure-line selections from the GA T-2465 × Tifton-8 cross combination were first evaluation in irrigated yield trials. The Georgia selection, GA 901412 now GA T-2842, had the highest pod yield in two irrigated test during 1989 and 1990, and was found to have a 25% yield advantage over Florunner under severe drought stress during 1990. In 1991, this same drought resistant selection again had the top yield over 16 other Virginia/runner type cultivars in each dryland test at two Georgia locations. Thus, progress has been made in developing adapted drought resistant Georgia breeding lines, and such a breeding approach merits consideration for developing future drought resistant candivars.

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