"Toward a novel evidence‐based definition of early allograft failure in the perspective of liver retransplant"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso W Avolio ◽  
Andrea Contegiacomo ◽  
Gabriele Spoletini ◽  
Giovanni Moschetta ◽  
Giuseppe Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based ◽  
Allograft Failure ◽  
Definition Of

scholarly journals On Evidence-Based Practice in Disaster Risk Reduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
Disaster Science ◽  
Made In

AbstractDisaster science and scholarship are forever expanding and there are increasing calls to base disaster risk reduction policies on the evidence produced by such work. Using examples and argument, this opinion piece examines the nature of evidence. It defines evidence-based practice and considers how it has developed and become important to disaster risk reduction. A definition of what constitutes evidence is difficult to achieve but it must be made in relation to whether the data and information collected can usefully be interpreted and employed to change things for the better. Case histories from past and present centuries show that evidence can sometimes be argued over endlessly. In other cases it is roundly ignored. In yet other instances, false conclusions derived from evidence can become evidence in their own right. Nevertheless, there are situations in disaster risk reduction in which evidence is sorely needed but is clearly lacking. The effectiveness of counter-terrorism measures is one such area. In conclusion, evidence is valuable, above all if there is willingness to use it to support policy formulation, especially in a simple, transparent manner. Subjective interpretation can never be entirely removed from the use of evidence, and evidence alone will not stimulate the policy formulators to improve their decision making.

scholarly journals THE EVALUATIVE RESEARCH AS A BRIDGE BETWEEN SCIENCE AND PROFESSION

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Santo Di Nuovo
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Evaluative Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations

The evaluative research is an important goal of applied research in psychology, and can constitute a link between scientific research and the definition of an evidence-based profession, in many fields of psychology: e.g., educational, social, work, clinical psychology.But to make a good evaluative research some methodological considerations are needed. First of all, the complexity of this field of study overwhelms the traditional methods based on laboratory research, which defines and manages variables, sampling, and statistical analyses in a reductive way.

C‐peptide levels do not correlate with pancreas allograft failure: Multicenter retrospective analysis and discussion of the new OPT definition of pancreas allograft failure

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1178-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke V. Niederhaus ◽  
Robert J. Carrico ◽  
Matthew A. Prentice ◽  
Abigail C. Fox ◽  
Muhammad A. Mujtaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Allograft Failure ◽  
Pancreas Allograft ◽  
Definition Of

Pharmacogenomics and Precision Psychiatry

2018 ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Julia C. Stingl ◽  
Gonzalo Laje
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Molecular Medicine ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Broad Definition ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Future Work

Molecular medicine has opened new possibilities of personalized approaches in drug therapy. The development of evidence-based pharmacogenetic guidelines to steer therapy has slowly entered the field of psychiatric therapeutics. Some of the reasons behind the limited progress in psychiatric pharmacogenomics include the broad definition of clinical syndromes, limited knowledge of psychiatric pathophysiology, and limited understanding of psychotropics’ mechanisms of action. Pharmacogenomic markers have been reported for both pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic genes. However, only genetic variation in pharmacokinetic genes has shown to be helpful in clinical practice. There is little consensus as to when and if pharmacogenetic tests should be used in psychiatry. There are limited evidence-based dosing guidelines available for actionable gene–drug pairs. Future work in psychiatry may deepen our understanding of the biological underpinnings of psychiatric syndromes and provide the potential for individual tailored therapies.

scholarly journals 2303 Trauma-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in India: Current incidence and management strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 33-34
Author(s):  
Tessa Adžemović ◽  
Pauline Park
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
True Incidence ◽  
Definition Of

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Aim 1: To determine the true incidence of trauma-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in India. We propose to perform a prospective observational study to determine the incidence of ARDS in India. Aim 2: To perform a preliminary assessment of risk factors for ARDS in the Indian trauma population. We will leverage these findings against the global ARDS data to provide a foundation for further interventional studies. Aim 3: To evaluate the current management strategies and patient outcomes from ARDS in trauma subjects admitted to the Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center (JPNATC). These findings will identify areas in need of practice-based performance improvement in ARDS therapies in India. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This application proposes an observational study of trauma patients with ARDS, a population that continues to have substantial in-hospital mortality. The approximate number of ICU-admitted trauma cases for the study period is 1700. Specific data elements to be collected include patient demographics, comorbidities, mechanism of injury, Injury Severity Score, risk factors for ARDS, sequential organ failure and assessment scores, vital signs, laboratory values, and evidence-based treatments received, including mechanical ventilation and adjunctive therapies. Outcome data will include discharge location, ICU and hospital length of stay and all-cause mortality. Selection of Subjects: We will include all patients admitted to the JPNATC Trauma and Neurosurgical ICUs intubated and mechanically ventilated and meeting the definition of Berlin definition of ARDS8. We will collect data for a total of 12 months. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Due to gaps in reporting, the incidence, mortality, and practice-based management algorithms applied in trauma patients suffering from ARDS in India is unknown. We hypothesize that the overall incidence of trauma-related ARDS is higher, and the fraction of patients managed with evidence-based therapies is lower than global reported averages. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Although the true incidence of ARDS in trauma subjects in India is currently unknown, we suspect that it is much higher than reported. Such data are important in identification of resource allocation including ICU bed and mechanical ventilator availability, particularly in a resource-limited environment. This proposal will aid in the development of research infrastructure at JPNATC, contribute to capacity building, and the establishment of a Clinical Research unit at the Apex Institute. Finally, a provision to develop a consortium and trauma quality improvement program among the existing trauma centers in New Delhi to disseminate important research findings and guidance to the rest of India is a future benefit of the study.

scholarly journals Defining colchicine resistance/intolerance in patients with familial Mediterranean fever: a modified-Delphi consensus approach

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seza Özen ◽  
Erdal Sag ◽  
Eldad Ben-Chetrit ◽  
Marco Gattorno ◽  
Ahmet Gül ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Familial Mediterranean Fever ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Delphi Consensus ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Colchicine Resistance ◽  
Mediterranean Fever ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Colchicine is the main treatment for familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Although a number of individuals with FMF are intolerant/resistant to colchicine, there is no standard definition of colchicine resistance/intolerance. We developed a set of evidence-based core statements defining colchicine resistance/intolerance in patients with FMF that may serve as a guide for clinicians and health authorities. Methods A set of statements was identified using a modified-Delphi consensus-based approach. The process involved development of an initial colchicine resistance/intolerance-related questionnaire derived from a systematic literature review. The questionnaire, which was completed by an international panel of 11 adult and pediatric rheumatologists with expertise in FMF, was analysed anonymously. The results informed draft consensus statements that were discussed by a round-table expert panel, using a nominal group technique to agree on the selection and wording of the final statements. Results Consensus among the panel was achieved on 8 core statements defining colchicine resistance/intolerance in patients with FMF. A definition of resistance was agreed upon that included recurrent clinical attacks (average one or more attacks per month over a 3-month period), or persistent laboratory inflammation in between attacks. Other core statements recognize the importance of assessing treatment adherence, and the impact of active disease and intolerance to colchicine on quality of life. Conclusion Based on expert opinion, a set of evidence-based core statements defining colchicine resistance/intolerance in patients with FMF were identified to help guide clinicians and health authorities in the management of patients with FMF.

scholarly journals Generalizing about Public Health Interventions: A Mixed-Methods Approach to External Validity

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 371-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C. Leviton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Program Theory ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Population Impact ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Context Features

Public health researchers and practitioners are calling for greater focus on external validity, the ability to generalize findings of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) beyond the limited number of studies testing effectiveness. For public health, the goal is applicability: to translate, disseminate, and implement EBIs for an impact on population health. This article is a review of methods and how they might be combined to better assess external validity. The methods include (a) better description of EBIs and their contexts; (b) combining of statistical tools and logic to draw inferences about study samples; (c) sharper definition of the theory behind the intervention and core intervention components; and (d) more systematic consultation of practitioners. For population impact, studies should focus on context features that are likely to be both important (based on program theory) and frequently encountered by practitioners. Mixed-method programs of research will allow public health to expand causal generalizations.

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