Conjunctival staining with lissamine green as a predictor of tear film deficiency in dogs

The authors analyzed the treatment results of 53 patients (106 eyes) with allergic conjunctivitis. All patients received Olopatadine 0.2 % (Visallergol) in drops once a day during 1 month. All patients underwent the same tests: scraping from the conjunctiva for the presence of eosinophils, evaluation of the inflammation symptoms using 4-ball scale, biomicroscopy of cornea and conjunctiva with staining by lissamine green and tear film stability (Norn’s method). All of the above-mentioned tests were performed before the treatment, on 14-th day and after the course of therapy. The inflammatory reaction of conjunctiva, the amount of discharge in the conjunctival cavity and the staining of the conjunctiva with lissamine green decreased in all patients starting from the 14-th day of treatment. The maximal effectiveness of the drop was registered in patients with the chronic type of allergic conjunctivitis. The manifestation of the disease reduced significantly after 1 month of treatment, but it does not disappear completely. So it is necessary to continue therapy after 1 month. The laboratory methods of diagnosis confirm the effectiveness of Visallergol by disappearance of eosinophils in the conjunctiva scrapings. The secondary dry eye syndrome developed in all types of the allergic conjunctivitis and needs a long-term treatment. The maximal intensity of dry eye syndrome was registered in patients with chronic type of the allergic conjunctivitis. The drop can be used starting from 2 years old.

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Substitution therapy for tear film deficiency

Practica Veterinara ro ◽

10.26416/pv.32.3.2018.1978 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (32) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Jaqueline Mocanu

Keyword(s):

Tear Film ◽

Substitution Therapy

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Working conditions and occupational risks of anterior eye pathology in metalworking machine operators

Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology ◽

10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-7-462-467 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 462-467

Author(s):

N. I. Latyshevskaya ◽

M. A. Alborova ◽

L. A. Davydenko ◽

A. V. Belyaevа

Keyword(s):

Working Conditions ◽

Work Experience ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Tear Film ◽

Corneal Opacity ◽

Occupational Risks ◽

Machine Operators ◽

Comparison Groups ◽

Working Groups ◽

Visual Organ

Introduction. The profession of “machine operator in metalworking”, one of the most common professions in various industries, characterized by a large volume of abrasive operations, accompanied by dust formation, which creates a potential for the occurrence of diseases of the visual organ.The aim of the study is to provide a hygienic assessment of working conditions and occupational risk of visual organ pathology in metalworking machine operators.Materials and methods. Observation groups — machine operators for metalworking of two training groups (experience up to 5 years, experience of 6–20 years). Two comparison groups (administrative and technical personnel of the enterprise) are formed according to the same age-experience principle.Results. The working conditions of machine operators were classified as class 3.2. taking into account the severity and intensity of the work process and the noise level (80 dBA) in the workplace. Nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, and manganese were registered in the air of the working area in concentrations below the permissible concentration (PC), and the aerosol dihydroxide was registered above the PC in 25.8% of cases. In the main working groups, diseases of the anterior segment of the eye were more often registered, among which dry eye syndrome (DYS) prevailed (94.1%), chronic blepharoconjunctivitis (79.9%), persistent corneal opacification (21.7%). There was an increase in the prevalence of detected diseases with an increase in work experience (p≤0.05). In machine operators, the frequency of inhibition of lacrimal formation and decreased stability of the tear film was recorded significantly more often, with increasing work experience, the degree of violation of lacrimal formation and stability of the tear film increased. The chances of detecting pathology of the anterior segment of the eye in machine operators are 5.9 and 3.5 times higher than in the comparison group. There are different forces of connection, increasing with the increase of work experience in the profession, between the working conditions of machine operators and the occurrence of SHG (relatively strong), with chronic blepharoconjunctivitis and persistent corneal opacity (medium strength), which suggests the professional conditionality of this pathology.Conclusions. The results obtained suggest that the pathology of the anterior segment of the eye is professionally conditioned in metalworking machine operators and necessitate the introduction of preventive measures aimed at protecting the visual organ.

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Ayurvedic Management of Dry Eye Sydrome - A Case Study

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) ◽

10.21760/jaims.v2i4.9375 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Hemalatha S. ◽

Rati S.

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Treatment Modality ◽

Similar Condition ◽

Symptomatic Relief ◽

Tear Film ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Common Condition ◽

Dry Out ◽

Tear Substitute

Dry eye syndrome is a common condition that results from reduced tear production or excessive tear evaporation or an abnormality in the production of mucus or lipids normally found in the tear layer or combination of these. If blinking is decreased or if the eyelids cannot be closed, they may dry out leading to dry eye. It is accompanied by increased osmolarity of the tear film and inflammation on the surface of the eye may occur of left untreated leading to pain, ulcers or scars on the cornea and loss of vision. Prevalence of dry eye range from 5% to 35% worldwide while in India it is 29.25%. Tear substitute are the only treatment modality with modern medicine, only providing symptomatic relief. Ayurveda describes similar condition called Sushkakshi Paka and this patient was treated with Tarpana and Nasya with Jeevantyadi Ghrita.

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Importance of the lipid layer in human tear film stability and evaporation

International Contact Lens Clinic ◽

10.1016/s0892-8967(97)90017-1 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 152-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Tear Film ◽

Lipid Layer ◽

Film Stability ◽

Tear Film Stability

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Hydrogel (Acuvue) Lens Movement is Influenced by the Postlens Tear Film

Optometry and Vision Science ◽

10.1097/00006324-199406000-00002 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

pp. 364-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

SIMON A. LITTLE ◽

ADRIAN S. BRUCE

Keyword(s):

Tear Film

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Herpes simplex virus 1 targets IRF7 via ICP0 to limit type I IFN induction

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-77725-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

David Shahnazaryan ◽

Rana Khalil ◽

Claire Wynne ◽

Caroline A. Jefferies ◽

Joan Ní Gabhann-Dromgoole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Tear Film ◽

Cell Protein ◽

Type I ◽

Type I Ifn ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Hsv 1

AbstractHerpes simplex keratitis (HSK), caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, is the commonest cause of infectious blindness in the developed world. Following infection the virus is initially suspended in the tear film, where it encounters a multi-pronged immune response comprising enzymes, complement, immunoglobulins and crucially, a range of anti-viral and pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, given that HSV-1 can overcome innate immune responses to establish lifelong latency throughout a susceptible individual’s lifetime, there is significant interest in understanding the mechanisms employed by HSV-1 to downregulate the anti-viral type I interferon (IFN) mediated immune responses. This study aimed to investigate the interactions between infected cell protein (ICP)0 and key elements of the IFN pathway to identify possible novel targets that contribute to viral immune evasion. Reporter gene assays demonstrated the ability of ICP0 to inhibit type I IFN activity downstream of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) which are known to be involved in host antiviral defences. Further experiments identified interferon regulatory factor (IRF)7, a driver of type I IFN, as a potential target for ICP0. These findings increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of HSK and suggest IRF7 as a potential therapeutic target.

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Tear Proteomics Study of Dry Eye Disease: Which Eye Do You Adopt as the Representative Eye for the Study?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22010422 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 422

Author(s):

Ming-Tse Kuo ◽

Po-Chiung Fang ◽

Shu-Fang Kuo ◽

Alexander Chen ◽

Yu-Ting Huang

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Mechanistic Studies ◽

Clinical Tests ◽

Tear Proteins ◽

Proteomic Data ◽

Surface Performance

Most studies about dry eye disease (DED) chose unilateral eye for investigation and drew conclusions based on monocular results, whereas most studies involving tear proteomics were based on the results of pooling tears from a group of DED patients. Patients with DED were consecutively enrolled for binocular clinical tests, tear biochemical markers of DED, and tear proteome. We found that bilateral eyes of DED patients may have similar but different ocular surface performance and tear proteome. Most ocular surface homeostatic markers and tear biomarkers were not significantly different in the bilateral eyes of DED subjects, and most clinical parameters and tear biomarkers were correlated significantly between bilateral eyes. However, discrepant binocular presentation in the markers of ocular surface homeostasis and the associations with tear proteins suggested that one eye’s performance cannot represent that of the other eye or both eyes. Therefore, in studies for elucidating tear film homeostasis of DED, we may lose some important messages hidden in the fellow eye if we collected clinical and proteomic data only from a unilateral eye. For mechanistic studies, it is recommended that researchers collect tear samples from the eye with more severe DED under sensitive criteria for identifying the more severe eye and evaluating the tear biochemical and proteomic markers with binocular concordance drawn in prior binocular studies.

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