scholarly journals Permeate Flux in Ultrafiltration Membrane: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Beicha ◽  
R. Zaamouch ◽  
N. M. Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Predictive Capability ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Ultrafiltration Pressure ◽  
Rate Limiting

Membrane processes exist for most of the fluid separations encountered in industry. The most widely used is membrane ultrafiltration, pressure driven process which is capable of separating particles in the approximate size range of 0.001 to 0.1 μm. The design of membrane separation processes, like all other processes, requires quantitative expressions relating material properties to separation performance. The factors controlling the performance of ultrafiltration are extensively reviewed. There have been a number of seminal approaches in this field. Most have been based on the rate limiting effects of the concentration polarization of the separated particles at the membrane surface. Various rigorous, empirical and intuitive models exist, which have been critically assessed in terms of their predictive capability and applicability. The decision as to which of the membrane filtration models is the most correct in predicting permeation rates is a matter of difficulty and appears to depend on the nature of the dispersion to separated.

The Effect of Flow Pulsation on Ultrafiltration System Limiting Flux Behavior

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chyouhwu Brian Huang ◽  
Hung-Shyong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Concentration Polarization ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Filtration Time ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Oil Water

Ultrafiltration (UF) is an important industrial operation and is found in the food industry, separation of oil-water emulsions, treatment effluents from the pulp and paper industry, and environmental protection systems. Despite being widely used in these areas, UF systems exhibit a limiting flux behavior caused by concentration polarization on the membrane surface. Concentration polarization can be severe in macromolecular solutions due to low diffusivity on membrane separation and both mechanical and chemical methods have been used to reduce this phenomenon. This study introduces a new mechanical method that improves the performance of membrane separation and decreases concentration polarization. It involves pulsing the feed flow discontinuously and based on our results, feed flow velocity and solution bypass/membrane filtration time ratio are two vital factors when it comes to improving permeate flux. The proposed method is expected to find wide application, particularly in the processing of macromolecular solution.

Membrane Fouling Mitigation in Water Filtration Using Piezoelectrics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obinna Aronu ◽  
Harvey Abramowitz ◽  
Agbai George Nnanna
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Piezoelectric Crystals ◽  
Filtration Membrane ◽  
Fouling Reduction

Abstract The clogging of filtration membrane by particles otherwise known as fouling is a major concern in membrane filtration technology due to severe flux reduction associated with it, which results to the reduction of membrane lifespan, reduced system performance and increased process and operating costs in industries that utilize membrane in their production process. This is because the cleaning or replacement of the fouled membrane requires production to be interrupted for the cleaning process or the entire system to be shut down for the replacement process to take place, leading to great loses to the industries involved. Many approaches have been devised over the years through research to tackle this problem, some of which not only undermine the performance of the filtration membrane but also contribute to great loses to industries that apply them. Cheaper and more efficient means of fouling control remains the key to salvaging this problem. This work proposes a water filtration system in which piezoelectric crystals attached at strategic points on a tubular polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane are used to increase flux and delay the clogging of the pores of the filtration membrane by particles during water filtration. Filtration tests with mud solution show that the membrane vibrated with piezoelectrics reduced the clogging of the pores and increased permeate flux of the filtration process as compared with the case where the membrane was not vibrated with piezoelectrics, suggesting that vibrating the system with piezoelectrics is a good fouling reduction method that can be used in fluid separation processes. To optimize the permeate flux production of the system and fouling reduction, the anti-fouling effects of the piezoelectric crystals on the membrane surface is investigated through experiments together with the effects of voltage application, positioning and placement distance of the piezoelectrics and some other variables involved in this work.

scholarly journals Sonicated membrane separation

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (s1) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Balázs Lemmer ◽  
Szabolcs Kertész ◽  
Gábor Keszthelyi-Szabó ◽  
Kerime Özel ◽  
Cecilia Hodúr
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Xylanase Enzyme ◽  
Stirred Cell ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Membrane separation processes are currently proven technologies in many areas. The main limitation of these processes is the accumulation of matter at the membrane surface which leads to two phenomena: concentration polarization and membrane fouling. According to the publications of numerous authors permeate flux could be increased by sonication. Our work focuses on separation of real broth by sonicated ultrafiltration. The broth was originated from hydrolysis of grounded corn-cob by xylanase enzyme. The filtration was carried out in a laboratory batch stirred cell with a sonication rod sonicator. In our work the effect of the stirring, the intensity of sonication and the membrane-transducer distance was studied on the efficiency of the ultrafiltration and on the quality of separated enzymes. Results reveal that xylanase enzyme can be effectively separated from real fermentation broth by ultrafiltration and enzymes keep their activity after the process. Enzyme activity tests show that low energy sonication is not harmful to the enzyme.

scholarly journals Synthesizing Various Organic Polyacid Compounds for Modifying Forward Osmosis Membranes to Enhance Separation Performance

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Yi-Li Lin ◽  
Bharath Samannan ◽  
Kuo-Lun Tung ◽  
Jeyabalan Thavasikani ◽  
Cheng-Di Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Solute Flux ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Selectivity ◽  
Surface Morphologies

In order to overcome the challenges of low permeate flux (Jp) and the accompanying reverse solute flux (JS) during the forward osmosis (FO) membrane separation process, we synthesized four hybrid materials of polyacid-based organic compounds and incorporated them into the selective polyamide (PA) layer to make novel thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) FO membranes. The Jp and JS of each membrane were evaluated and used along with membrane selectivity (Jp/JS) as indicators of membrane separation performance. The fabricated and modified membranes were also characterized for ridge and valley surface morphologies with increasing hydrophilicity and finger-shaped parallel channels in the PSf substrate. Moreover, two highly hydrophilic nanoparticles of graphene oxide (GO) and titanium oxide (TiO2) were introduced with the hybrid materials for PA modification, which can further enhance the Jp of the TFN membranes. The highest Jp of the TFN membranes achieved 12.1 L/m2-h using 0.1% curcumin-acetoguanamine @ cerium polyacid (CATCP) and 0.0175% GO. The characteristic peaks of the hybrid materials were detected on the membrane surface using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, evidencing successful incorporation of the hybrid materials during membrane modification. Here, we present the novel TFN membranes using hybrid materials for separation applications. The reactions for synthesizing the hybrid materials and for incorporating them with PA layer are proposed.

Biofilms: their structure, activity, and effect on membrane filtration

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Lewandowski ◽  
H. Beyenal
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Membrane Cleaning ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Membrane Biofouling ◽  
Flux Decline ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
Near Future

The goal of this presentation is to identify biofouling mechanisms that cause undesirable effects to the membrane separation processes of flux decline and pressure drop. The underlying assumption of this presentation is that biofouling is unavoidable and that the operator cannot eliminate it entirely. This premise justifies research efforts toward understanding the mechanisms by which biofouling affects the membrane processes, rather than expecting that technology can entirely eliminate membrane biofouling in the near future. An improved understanding of biofouling mechanisms may lead to better membrane design, better membrane modules, and better membrane cleaning procedures.

A Wall Film Model for Membrane Fouling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Jahangiri Mamouri ◽  
Volodymyr V. Tarabara ◽  
André Bénard
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Wall Film ◽  
Oil Water

Deoiling of produced or impaired waters associated with oil and gas production represents a significant challenge for many companies. Centrifugation, air flotation, and hydrocyclone separation are the current methods of oil removal from produced water [1], however the efficiency of these methods decreases dramatically for droplets smaller than approximately 15–20 μm. More effective separation of oil-water mixtures into water and oil phases has the potential to both decrease the environmental footprint of the oil and gas industry and improve human well-being in regions such as the Gulf of Mexico. New membrane separation processes and design of systems with advanced flow management offer tremendous potential for improving oil-water separation efficacy. However, fouling is a major challenge in membrane separation [2]. In this study, the behavior of oil droplets and their interaction with crossflow filtration (CFF) membranes (including membrane fouling) is studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. A model for film formation on a membrane surface is proposed for the first time to simulate film formation on membrane surfaces. The bulk multiphase flow is modeled using an Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase flow model. A wall film is developed from mass and momentum balances [3] and implemented to model droplet deposition and membrane surface blockage. The model is used to predict film formation and subsequent membrane fouling, and allow to estimate the actual permeate flux. The results are validated using available experimental data.

scholarly journals Low- and High-Pressure Membrane Separation in the Production of Process Water for Coke Quenching

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Anna Trusek ◽  
Maciej Wajsprych ◽  
Andrzej Noworyta
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Stage System ◽  
Pressure Plant

Although the time for operating mines and coking plants in many countries is coming to an end due to climate change, we must still ensure that the pollution generated by this source of the economy is minimized. Despite the several stages of treatment of the coke-oven effluent, completed with nitrification and denitrification processes preceding final sedimentation, the stream obtained does not meet the requirements of water for coke quenching. That is why the stream after biodegradation and sedimentation was treated on membrane units to ensure water reusing in the coking plant. As the subjected stream contained both solid and dissolved pollutants, a two-stage system was proposed: low- and high-pressure membrane filtration. Industrial modules were tested on pilot units operating under industrial plant conditions. In the case of the ultrafiltration process, all the tested ultrafiltration modules fulfilled the primary task. All of them separated almost completely the turbidities present in the stream, which would have disturbed the operation of the high-pressure plant. Considering the decrease in permeate flux and the possibility of cleaning, a PCI membrane made of PVDF tubes with a diameter of 12.5 mm and pore size of 20 μm was selected. Regarding the high-pressure membrane filtration, the reverse osmosis membrane was significantly better in the removal efficiency of both organic and inorganic dissolved substances. An operating pressure of 3 MPa was chosen for the system. Hence, membrane processes, which are not used as stand-alone treatment units for coke-oven effluents, function well as a final treatment stage.

A review on membrane applications and transport mechanisms in vacuum membrane distillation

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Baghel ◽  
Sushant Upadhyaya ◽  
Kailash Singh ◽  
Satyendra P. Chaurasia ◽  
Akhilendra B. Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Vacuum Membrane Distillation ◽  
Polarization Coefficient ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe main aim of this article is to provide a state-of-the-art review of the experimental studies on vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) process. An introduction to the history of VMD is carried out along with the other membrane distillation configurations. Recent developments in process, characterization of membrane, module design, transport phenomena, and effect of operating parameters on permeate flux are discussed for VMD in detail. Several heat and mass transfer correlations obtained by various researchers for different VMD modules have been discussed. The impact of membrane fouling with its control in VMD is discussed in detail. In this paper, temperature polarization coefficient and concentration polarization coefficient are elaborated in detail. Integration of VMD with other membrane separation processes/industrial processes have been explained to improve the performance of the system and make it more energy efficient. A critical evaluation of the VMD literature is incorporated throughout this review.

Methods to Reduce Concentration Polarization and Fouling in Membrane Filtration

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Mikulášek
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Concentration Polarization ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Membrane Modules

Various methods and concepts that are currently being used and proposed to control or minimize concentration polarization and fouling in membrane separation processes are reviewed. A morphological analysis of hydrodynamic ways to prevent the detrimental influence on fluxes is given. The potentials of these different approaches are analyzed and some examples of module designs resulting from the various approaches with special attention to rotary membrane modules are given.

scholarly journals In-Situ Ultrasound-Assisted Control of Polymeric Membrane Fouling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Westphalen Dornelas Camara Heloisa
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Maximum Increase

Membrane separation processes have been more widely applied to industrial activities, especially in water and wastewater treatment. However, there are still challenges associated to the use of membranes. Concentration polarization and fouling can cause significant permeate flux decay during the filtration process, hindering its efficiency and increasing cost. Among many strategies, the combination of membrane filtration with ultrasound (US) application has shown promising results in reducing membrane fouling. The main goal of this research was to identify the effect of US frequency, US power intensity and feed solution concentration on permeate flux during ultrafiltration of simulated latex paint effluent. Maximum increase in permeate flux of 19.7% was obtained by applying 20 kHz and 0.29 W.cm-2 to feed solution with 0.075 wt.% of solid concentration. The effect of feed flow rate was analyzed showing that an increase in feed flowrate is not beneficial to the fouling minimization process. Overall, the application of US improves permeate flux by reducing fouling of ultrafiltration polymeric membrane.

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