scholarly journals Comparison of Adaptive Behaviour among Children with Learning Difficulties

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra Rani Peter ◽  
Samuel Chan
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
T Test ◽  
Adaptive Behaviour ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales

The objective of this study is to explore the nature of adaptive behaviour in terms of fine and gross motor skills in children with learning difficulties.  This research aims to find whether there are any differences between the fine and gross motor skills among the children from the age of four to fourteen with learning difficulties.  This study used Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales Classroom Edition survey questionnaire to explore the differences in the adaptive behaviour of children with learning difficulties in the motor skills domain. A quantitative within-participants experimental design was employed to assess the adaptive behaviour among children with learning difficulties in motor skill domain. The independent variable was the motor skills consisting of two levels which are the fine motor skills and gross motor skills.  The dependent variable was the difference in adaptive behaviour of the children with learning difficulties.  Paired-samples t-test was used to study the differences between the variables. It was evident that the paired sample t-test conducted implied that there was no significant difference between the variables which are the fine and gross motor skills.  Future researchers could also compare other demographic factors such as age, gender or cultural background that influences the adaptive behaviour of children with learning difficulties in various domains besides motor skills such as socialisation and communication domains. 

scholarly journals Communication skills in individuals with spastic diplegia

CoDAS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionísia Aparecida Cusin Lamônica ◽  
Cora Sofia Takaya Paiva ◽  
Dagma Venturini Marques Abramides ◽  
Jamile Lozano Biazon
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
T Test ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Spastic Diplegia ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose: To assess communication skills in children with spastic diplegia. Methods : The study included 20 subjects, 10 preschool children with spastic diplegia and 10 typical matched according to gender, mental age, and socioeconomic status. Assessment procedures were the following: interviews with parents, Stanford - Binet method, Gross Motor Function Classification System, Observing the Communicative Behavior, Vocabulary Test by Peabody Picture, Denver Developmental Screening Test II, MacArthur Development Inventory on Communicative Skills. Statistical analysis was performed using the values of mean, median, minimum and maximum value, and using Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Paired t-test. Results : Individuals with spastic diplegia, when compared to their peers of the same mental age, presented no significant difference in relation to receptive and expressive vocabulary, fine motor skills, adaptive, personal-social, and language. The most affected area was the gross motor skills in individuals with spastic cerebral palsy. The participation in intervention procedures and the pairing of participants according to mental age may have approximated the performance between groups. Conclusion : There was no statistically significant difference in the comparison between groups, showing appropriate communication skills, although the experimental group has not behaved homogeneously.

PENGEMBANGAN FISIK MOTORIK ANAK USIA DINI DENGAN BERMAI

Edupedia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Farhatin Masrurah ◽  
Khulusinniyah Khulusinniyah
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Skills ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills

The first five years of a children’s age is the period of rapid growth with physical and motor development. Those process will develop well if stimulated continuously. Early childhood always identic with high activity requires the opportunity to express their abilities. Therefore playing method is very urgent inchildren’s gross motor skills and fine motor skills development through a variety of playing activities both indoors and outdoors. Playing is an activity that cannot be separated from early childhood’s world. All playing activities will be carried out happily. By the same token learning by playing will be done happily without any sense of being forced or oppressed.

scholarly journals PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG PERKEMBANGAN ANAK DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN MOTORIK KASAR DAN HALUS PADA ANAK USIA 4 – 5 TAHUN

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-264
Author(s):  
Desi Kumalasari ◽  
Desi Setia Wati
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fine Motor Skills ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Children's Development

KNOWLEDGE AMONG MOTHERS OF  PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN MOTOR DEVELOPMENTBackground: Motorskill development is the development of physical movement control through coordinated central nerve and muscle activities. Motor skilldevelopment is divided into two, gross motor skills and fine motor skills. Gross motor skills involve large parts of the body, such as: walking, jumping, running and so on. Smaller groups of muscle movements are called fine motor skills, such as: writing, drawing, wearing scissors, and so on. One factor that influence children's development is mother's knowledge. Mothers who have good knowledge will tend to pay attention and stimulate their children’s development.Purpose: The purpose of this research is to determine the relations of mothers’ knowledge about children’s growth and development with gross and fine motor skills development of children aged 4-5 years old in Pesawaran Lampung Kindergarten in 2018.Methods: The design used in this research is analytic by using a cross sectional approach. The population in this research were all mothers with children aged 4-5 years old at Pesawaran Lampung Kindergarten, with a sample of 58 people, while sampling techniques were taken using the total population method. The analysis of the research uses univariate and bivariate analysis which use the chi-square test.Results: The results of this research are there is no relationship between mothers’ knowledge about children’s development and growth with gross motor skills development (p-value = 0.622) and fine motor skills development (p-value = 0.614) of children aged 4-5 years old at Pesawaran Lampung Kindergarten in 2018.Conclution: There is no relationship between maternal knowledge about the development of children with gross motoric and fine motor development of children 4-5 years in Pesawaran Lampung kindergarten in 2018. It is expected that parents can find sources information about the children’s growth and development, so parents can provide stimulation of children’s motor skills development.Latar Belakang: Menurut WHO (2014), diperkirakan 5-10% anak mengalami keterlambatan perkembangan. Diperkirakan sekitar 1–3% khusus pada anak dibawah usia 5 tahun di Indonesia mengalami keterlambatan perkembangan umum yang meliputi perkembangan motorik, bahasa, sosio–emosional, dan kognitif (Kemenkes, 2016). Perkembangan motorik merupakan perkembangan pengendalian gerakan jasmaniah melalui kegiatan pusat syaraf dan otot yang terkoordinasi.Perkembangan motorik terbagi menjadi dua yaitu motorik kasar dan motorik halus Salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan anak adalah pengetahuan ibu. Ibu yang berpengetahuan baik maka akan cenderung untuk memperhatikan dan menstimulasi perkembangan anak terutama perkembangan anak.Tujuan: untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang perkembangan anak dengan perkembangan motorik kasar dan halus anak usia 4-5 tahun di TK Pesawaran, Lampung tahun 2018.Metode: Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan cross sectional.  Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu dengan anak usia 4 – 5 tahun di TK  Pesawaran, Lampung dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 58 orang, sedangkang teknik sampling yang diambil dengan menggunakan metode total populasi. Analisis yang digunakan univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil: penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu tentang perkembangan anak dengan perkembangan motorik kasar (nilai p-value 0,622) dan motorik halus (nilai p-value 0,614) anak usia 4-5 tahun di TK  Pesawaran, Lampung tahun 2018.Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang perkembangan anak dengan perkembangan motorik kasar dan motorik halus anak usia 4-5 tahun di TK  Pesawaran, Lampung tahun 2018. Diaharapkan para orang tua dapat mencari sumber informasi tentang tumbuh kembang anak, sehingga orang tua mampu memberikan stimulasi perkembangan motorik anak.

Denver Developmental Screening Test Survey of Bangkok Children

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poolsook P Sriyaporn ◽  
W Pissasoontorn ◽  
Orathai Sakdisawadi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Test Item ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Developmental Screening ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Investigative Team

A preliminary developmental survey (using DDST) of 1442 Bangkok children who were between the ages of two weeks and six years was conducted between June 1983 and December 1987. The results of this study showed that the 25th percentile for the development of Bangkok children in the areas of personal-social, fine motor adaptive, language and gross motor skills were comparable to the children in original samples in Denver. Although the Bangkok group seems to have passed many test items at earlier ages, the 75th-90th percentile in each test item was generally more delayed in the Bangkok group. The investigative team suggests that further research for the purpose of establishing a norm for the DDST be pursued on the basis of geographical sampling more than socioeconomical sampling that was used in this study. Asia Pac J Public Health 1994;7(3):173-7.

Using the Constant Time Delay Procedure to Teach Task-Analyzed Gross Motor Skills to Individuals with Severe Intellectual Disabilities

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiabei Zhang ◽  
Michael Horvat ◽  
David L. Gast
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Constant Time Delay ◽  
Constant Time ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Delay Procedure ◽  
Severe Intellectual Disabilities

It is imperative that teachers utilize effective and efficient instructional strategies to teach task-analyzed gross motor skills in physical education activities to individuals with severe disabilities. The purpose of this paper is to describe the constant time delay procedure, which has been shown to be effective in teaching task-analyzed fine motor skills in daily living and safety activities. In this article, guidelines are presented for teaching task-analyzed gross motor skills to individuals with severe intellectual disabilities. These guidelines are based on a review of the constant time delay procedure reported in the special education literature and current research being conducted by the authors.

scholarly journals Gross motor development level among Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan student

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasminder Kaur Mahinderjit Singh ◽  
Denise Koh Choon Lian
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Object Control ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Significant Difference

Gross motor development is an essential factor for specific skills required in different sports. This study aimed at assessing the level of gross motor development of school children in the district of Kuala Pilah. The objectives of this study are to identify the level of locomotor and object control amongst the children in the area, identifying the different developments of gross motor skills amongst children based on their gender and identifying the different developments of gross motor skills amongst the children based on the location of the schools. This study is non-trivial as the development of gross motor control in children are significant for their involvement in sports, games and recreational activities. Failure to control motor skills may have an impact on the children in the context of their daily interactions, self-confidence, and learning ability. This study involves 160 children aged 7 years old pooled from 8 different primary schools. The data collected was analysed based on the TGMD (Test of Gross Motor development) and interpreted via the GMQ (Gross Motor Quotients). The result from the t-test suggests that there is no significant difference between the genders concerning the gross motor development of children in the district of Kuala Pilah. However, if was found that there is a significant differences between children of urban and rural schools based on the measured gross motor development. 

scholarly journals Neurodevelopmental status in children with congenital hypothyroidism at the children’s hospital and the institute of the child health Multan.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2335-2338
Author(s):  
Erum Afzal ◽  
Waqas Imran Khan ◽  
Sajjad Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Socioeconomical Status

Objectives: To determine the neurodevelopmental status in children with congenital hypothyroidism. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Endocrine and Developmental Pediatrics Outpatient at The Children’s Hospital and The Institute of the Child Health (CHICH) Multan. Period: January to December 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 119 children, 1-5years of age having congenital hypothyroidism were included. Their socioeconomical status, age at which the diagnosis was made, duration of thyroxine intake was noted. Development in domains of personal-social, fine motor-adaptive, language and gross motor skills was assessed by using The Denver developmental screening test (DDST). Developmental quotient of each domain was measured and less than 70% was considered significant delayed. SPSS-20 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 119 patients, 47.8% were male, 61.3% were among the age group of 1-3 years and the mean age was 1.40 ± 0.489 years. Forty-five percent (45.4%) belonged to low and 47.1% to middle socioeconomical status. Only 46.2% children started taking thyroxine within 2 months of life. Significant delay in personal-social domain was detected in 73.9% (n=88) children while 80.7% (n=96), 80.7% (n=96) and 86.6% (n=103) patients had significant developmental delay in fine motor-adaptive, language and gross motor skills respectively. Developmental delay was significantly low in children started on thyroxine therapy within 2-months of age (p-value ≤ 0.05 for all domains of development. Conclusion: Children with congenital hypothyroidism suffer from delayed development, so these patients must be referred for developmental therapy along with medical therapy.

A-41 Not Just a “Clumsy” Kid: A Case Study of Developmental Coordination Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1082-1082
Author(s):  
Jill Del Pozzo ◽  
Erica F Weiss ◽  
Diana Bronshteyn ◽  
David M Masur ◽  
John J McGinley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Verbal Language

Abstract Objective Developmental Discoordination Disorder (DCD) is an often overlooked and seldom diagnosed neurodevelopmental condition marked by impairments in motor skills. Lacking identifiable medical or neurological etiology, children with DCD often have preserved intellectual abilities. Comorbidity is common, including ADHD and specific learning disability. Despite extensive evidence of significant impact on daily activities and academics due to differences in motor behaviors, DCD difficulties are regularly treated as behavioral problems. Method Neuropsychological evaluation of an 8-year-old boy with a possible reading delay and inability to perform some age-appropriate academic and self-care tasks. Results Average overall ability with very strong verbal performances; intact visual perceptual processing, memory, and non-written language. Academics are within expected range, although graphomotor weakness impacted academic performances on tasks with written demands. Patient appeared clumsy and awkward with low muscle tone, poor balance, and difficulty learning new motor skills. Impaired fine motor control, handwriting, gait, gross motor skills, motor planning, coordination, and oromotor weakness as well as inferior verbal language abilities were evident. Impulsivity, inattention, poor planning, and poor self-monitoring were also evident. Conclusions DCD is evidenced by impairment in fine and gross motor skills, oromotor skills, motor planning, energy, and coordination with clear discrepancy between motor abilities and abilities in other areas, specifically language. In our case, DCD features were overlooked despite wide ranging impact. ADHD and SLD with impairment in written expression were concurrent. This case highlights the need for greater appreciation of DCD so that children can benefit from early detection and intervention considering the life-long implications of the disorder.

Effects of Family Density and Mothers' Education on Preschoolers' Motor Skills

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avram H. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Skills ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Maternal Schooling

Individual comparisons were used in an epidemiological framework to determine the effects of two neighborhoods, family density, and mother's education on 58 ethnically varied 3-yr.-olds in Israel. Measures included verbal IQ, gross motor skills, and fine motor skills. Significant sex differences were found in that high densities and low maternal schooling alone and in interaction related to poor motor performance for the boys. It was suggested that mothers who have at least finished primary school may act to neutralize the detrimental effects of a crowded home. Fathers' income and occupation were little associated with crowding and this seemed to reflect greater economic homogeneity within this Israeli sample.

scholarly journals Improving Teacher Practices With Children Under Five: Experimental Evidence From the Mississippi Buildings Blocks

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 41-76
Author(s):  
Irma Arteaga ◽  
Kathy Thornburg ◽  
Rajeev Darolia ◽  
Jacqueline Hawks
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Socioemotional Development ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Math Skills ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills

Background: The literature on the effects of teacher coaching in early childhood (EC) education programs is underdeveloped but emerging. Using the theory of action in professional development as our theoretical framework, we hypothesize that active coaching improves teaching methods and creates a more effective classroom environment for enhancing children’s learning and skills. Objectives: This study evaluates the effects of the Mississippi Building Blocks (MBB) program, an EC intervention with a strong emphasis on supervisor and coaching training. Research design: We conduct a randomized controlled experiment in which data were collected at baseline, midpoint (Month 3), and postintervention (Month 6) in 24 preschool classrooms in Mississippi. Subjects: The experiment included 195 preschoolers, of which 95 were in classrooms led by teachers who received coaching (treatment) and 100 were in classrooms without coaching (control). Measures: We measured child’s emergent language and literacy, fine motor skills, gross motor skills, print language skills, problem-solving, math skills, and socioemotional development. Results: We find that MBB coaching led to substantial improvements in child outcomes relative to the control group, particularly in gross motor skills, print language skills, and socioemotional development. We also find some evidence that MBB coaching improved math skills, though these estimates are on the margin of statistical significance. Finally, a mediator analysis indicates that improvements in the classroom learning environment brought about by MBB coaching improved child outcomes. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that an intensive form of classroom coaching for teachers leads to significant gains in child outcomes.

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