Using the Constant Time Delay Procedure to Teach Task-Analyzed Gross Motor Skills to Individuals with Severe Intellectual Disabilities

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiabei Zhang ◽  
Michael Horvat ◽  
David L. Gast
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Constant Time Delay ◽  
Constant Time ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Delay Procedure ◽  
Severe Intellectual Disabilities

It is imperative that teachers utilize effective and efficient instructional strategies to teach task-analyzed gross motor skills in physical education activities to individuals with severe disabilities. The purpose of this paper is to describe the constant time delay procedure, which has been shown to be effective in teaching task-analyzed fine motor skills in daily living and safety activities. In this article, guidelines are presented for teaching task-analyzed gross motor skills to individuals with severe intellectual disabilities. These guidelines are based on a review of the constant time delay procedure reported in the special education literature and current research being conducted by the authors.

PENGEMBANGAN FISIK MOTORIK ANAK USIA DINI DENGAN BERMAI

Edupedia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Farhatin Masrurah ◽  
Khulusinniyah Khulusinniyah
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Skills ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills

The first five years of a children’s age is the period of rapid growth with physical and motor development. Those process will develop well if stimulated continuously. Early childhood always identic with high activity requires the opportunity to express their abilities. Therefore playing method is very urgent inchildren’s gross motor skills and fine motor skills development through a variety of playing activities both indoors and outdoors. Playing is an activity that cannot be separated from early childhood’s world. All playing activities will be carried out happily. By the same token learning by playing will be done happily without any sense of being forced or oppressed.

scholarly journals PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG PERKEMBANGAN ANAK DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN MOTORIK KASAR DAN HALUS PADA ANAK USIA 4 – 5 TAHUN

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-264
Author(s):  
Desi Kumalasari ◽  
Desi Setia Wati
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fine Motor Skills ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Children's Development

KNOWLEDGE AMONG MOTHERS OF  PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN MOTOR DEVELOPMENTBackground: Motorskill development is the development of physical movement control through coordinated central nerve and muscle activities. Motor skilldevelopment is divided into two, gross motor skills and fine motor skills. Gross motor skills involve large parts of the body, such as: walking, jumping, running and so on. Smaller groups of muscle movements are called fine motor skills, such as: writing, drawing, wearing scissors, and so on. One factor that influence children's development is mother's knowledge. Mothers who have good knowledge will tend to pay attention and stimulate their children’s development.Purpose: The purpose of this research is to determine the relations of mothers’ knowledge about children’s growth and development with gross and fine motor skills development of children aged 4-5 years old in Pesawaran Lampung Kindergarten in 2018.Methods: The design used in this research is analytic by using a cross sectional approach. The population in this research were all mothers with children aged 4-5 years old at Pesawaran Lampung Kindergarten, with a sample of 58 people, while sampling techniques were taken using the total population method. The analysis of the research uses univariate and bivariate analysis which use the chi-square test.Results: The results of this research are there is no relationship between mothers’ knowledge about children’s development and growth with gross motor skills development (p-value = 0.622) and fine motor skills development (p-value = 0.614) of children aged 4-5 years old at Pesawaran Lampung Kindergarten in 2018.Conclution: There is no relationship between maternal knowledge about the development of children with gross motoric and fine motor development of children 4-5 years in Pesawaran Lampung kindergarten in 2018. It is expected that parents can find sources information about the children’s growth and development, so parents can provide stimulation of children’s motor skills development.Latar Belakang: Menurut WHO (2014), diperkirakan 5-10% anak mengalami keterlambatan perkembangan. Diperkirakan sekitar 1–3% khusus pada anak dibawah usia 5 tahun di Indonesia mengalami keterlambatan perkembangan umum yang meliputi perkembangan motorik, bahasa, sosio–emosional, dan kognitif (Kemenkes, 2016). Perkembangan motorik merupakan perkembangan pengendalian gerakan jasmaniah melalui kegiatan pusat syaraf dan otot yang terkoordinasi.Perkembangan motorik terbagi menjadi dua yaitu motorik kasar dan motorik halus Salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan anak adalah pengetahuan ibu. Ibu yang berpengetahuan baik maka akan cenderung untuk memperhatikan dan menstimulasi perkembangan anak terutama perkembangan anak.Tujuan: untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang perkembangan anak dengan perkembangan motorik kasar dan halus anak usia 4-5 tahun di TK Pesawaran, Lampung tahun 2018.Metode: Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan cross sectional.  Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu dengan anak usia 4 – 5 tahun di TK  Pesawaran, Lampung dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 58 orang, sedangkang teknik sampling yang diambil dengan menggunakan metode total populasi. Analisis yang digunakan univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil: penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu tentang perkembangan anak dengan perkembangan motorik kasar (nilai p-value 0,622) dan motorik halus (nilai p-value 0,614) anak usia 4-5 tahun di TK  Pesawaran, Lampung tahun 2018.Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang perkembangan anak dengan perkembangan motorik kasar dan motorik halus anak usia 4-5 tahun di TK  Pesawaran, Lampung tahun 2018. Diaharapkan para orang tua dapat mencari sumber informasi tentang tumbuh kembang anak, sehingga orang tua mampu memberikan stimulasi perkembangan motorik anak.

Effects of a Constant Time Delay Procedure on the Written Spelling Performance of a Learning Disabled Student

1987 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay B. Stevens ◽  
John W. Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Constant Time Delay ◽  
Constant Time ◽  
Target Response ◽  
Preparation Time ◽  
Delay Procedure ◽  
Spelling Performance ◽  
Instructional Procedures ◽  
Student Error

A constant time delay procedure was used to teach written spelling to an 11-year-old, school-labeled LD youngster who had severe spelling deficits. The time delay procedure is a near errorless instructional method that transfers stimulus control from a controlling stimulus (a prompt that signals the correct response) to a new stimulus (a target response). As a result of a 5-second constant delay procedure the student acquired, maintained, and generalized 15 spelling words. The procedure is easy to implement, requires little teacher preparation time, and results in a low student error rate. In the absence of published time delay research with LD individuals, the results are encouraging. Based on our findings, the time delay procedure is a viable alternative for LD students who have not benefited from traditional instructional procedures. Since the results of this study and those in the unpublished literature indicate that the time delay procedure is effective, further examination with other LD students is warranted.

Progressive Time Delay Procedure for Teaching Motor Skills to Adults with Severe Mental Retardation

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihui Chen ◽  
Ernest Lange ◽  
Paul Miko ◽  
Jiabei Zhang ◽  
Daniel Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Severe Mental Retardation ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Progressive Time Delay ◽  
Multiple Probe

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the progressive time delay (PTD) procedure on teaching gross motor skills to adult males with severe mental retardation. A multiple probe design across three skills and replicated across 4 participants was utilized. Results indicated that a PTD procedure with a 0 to 5 s delay was effective in teaching 4 participants three gross motor skills (tee-ball batting, softball pitching, croquet striking) over a period of 13 weeks. Data on effectiveness were analyzed in terms of the number of instructional sessions (M = 9.58), the number of trials (M = 105.41), the number of min (M = 84.66), and the number of performing errors to criterion (M = 4.08%). A maintenance level (M = 96.87%) was also determined across 4 participants and three skills on the 1st, 4th, 14th, and 24th sessions after terminating the PTD instruction.

Denver Developmental Screening Test Survey of Bangkok Children

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poolsook P Sriyaporn ◽  
W Pissasoontorn ◽  
Orathai Sakdisawadi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Test Item ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Developmental Screening ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Investigative Team

A preliminary developmental survey (using DDST) of 1442 Bangkok children who were between the ages of two weeks and six years was conducted between June 1983 and December 1987. The results of this study showed that the 25th percentile for the development of Bangkok children in the areas of personal-social, fine motor adaptive, language and gross motor skills were comparable to the children in original samples in Denver. Although the Bangkok group seems to have passed many test items at earlier ages, the 75th-90th percentile in each test item was generally more delayed in the Bangkok group. The investigative team suggests that further research for the purpose of establishing a norm for the DDST be pursued on the basis of geographical sampling more than socioeconomical sampling that was used in this study. Asia Pac J Public Health 1994;7(3):173-7.

Teaching Preschool Children with Disabilities to Respond to the Lures of Strangers

1993 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Gast ◽  
Belva C. Collins ◽  
Mark Wolery ◽  
Rebecca Jones
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Correct Response ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Constant Time Delay ◽  
Constant Time ◽  
Training Site ◽  
Delay Procedure ◽  
Multiple Exemplars

An investigation was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a constant-time-delay procedure used in combination with multiple exemplars of strangers, lures, and sites to teach a generalized response to the lures of strangers to four preschool children with disabilities. Although the correct response was quickly acquired in the training site, the response failed to generalize to the probe sites until training was conducted in vivo. Instruction in vivo resulted in acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of the response to strangers' lures. Generalization occurred across probes with novel exemplars of lures, strangers, and sites.

scholarly journals Hubungan Peran Keluarga dengan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Disabilitas Intelektual

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Nahdiah Purnamasari
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan peran keluarga  degan kemampuan motorik kasar anak disabilitas intelektual. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan jumlah responden tiga puluh delapan orang (n=38). Terdapat beberapa data primer yang dikumpulkan diantaranya peran keluarga, kemampuan motorik kasar, Pengambilan data tersebut menggunakan kuisioner Family Role Questionnaire (FRQ) dan Form Test Gross Motor Development 2 (TGMD-2). Berdasarkan hasil analisis uji hubungan dengan Spearman Rho test didapatkan nilai signifikansi (p) sebesar 0,000(p< 0.05) yang berarti adanya hubungan antara peran keluarga dengan kemampuan motorik kasar anak disabilitas intelektual, dengan nilai r =0.062 yang berarti adanya hubungan yang kuat antara peran keluarga dengan kemampuan motorik kasar anak disabilitas intelektual. Kata kunci : motorik kasar, peran keluarga, disabilitas intelektual.   Abstract This study aims to see the relationship between family and gross motor skills of children with intellectual disabilities. This study used a cross-sectional design with thirty-eight respondents (n = 38). Some of the primary data collected included the role of the family, gross motor skills, data collection using the Family Role Questionnaire (FRQ) questionnaire and the Gross Motor Development 2 Test Form (TGMD-2). Based on the results of the analysis of the relationship test with the Spearman Rho test, it was obtained a significance value (p) of 0.000 (p <0.05), which means that there is a relationship between family roles and gross motor skills of children with intellectual disabilities, with a value of r = 0.062, which means that there is a strong relationship. between the role of the family and gross motor skills of children with intellectual disabilities. Key words: gross motor skills, family roles, intellectual disabilities.  

scholarly journals Neurodevelopmental status in children with congenital hypothyroidism at the children’s hospital and the institute of the child health Multan.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2335-2338
Author(s):  
Erum Afzal ◽  
Waqas Imran Khan ◽  
Sajjad Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Socioeconomical Status

Objectives: To determine the neurodevelopmental status in children with congenital hypothyroidism. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Endocrine and Developmental Pediatrics Outpatient at The Children’s Hospital and The Institute of the Child Health (CHICH) Multan. Period: January to December 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 119 children, 1-5years of age having congenital hypothyroidism were included. Their socioeconomical status, age at which the diagnosis was made, duration of thyroxine intake was noted. Development in domains of personal-social, fine motor-adaptive, language and gross motor skills was assessed by using The Denver developmental screening test (DDST). Developmental quotient of each domain was measured and less than 70% was considered significant delayed. SPSS-20 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 119 patients, 47.8% were male, 61.3% were among the age group of 1-3 years and the mean age was 1.40 ± 0.489 years. Forty-five percent (45.4%) belonged to low and 47.1% to middle socioeconomical status. Only 46.2% children started taking thyroxine within 2 months of life. Significant delay in personal-social domain was detected in 73.9% (n=88) children while 80.7% (n=96), 80.7% (n=96) and 86.6% (n=103) patients had significant developmental delay in fine motor-adaptive, language and gross motor skills respectively. Developmental delay was significantly low in children started on thyroxine therapy within 2-months of age (p-value ≤ 0.05 for all domains of development. Conclusion: Children with congenital hypothyroidism suffer from delayed development, so these patients must be referred for developmental therapy along with medical therapy.

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