Evaluation of Suitability of Grass Species for Dry Conditions (Water Stress)

Based on three-year results of a ﬁeld experiment evaluating aboveground biomass production and the number of stems of above-ground shoots of grass species (Lolium perenne, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca pratensis) grown in a 200×200 mm layout in two water regime variants (normal and reduced – 50% of precipitation) and further in two variants of mowing intensity (meadow – 3 mowings, grazing – 5 mowings per year), the following has been ascertained. The most productive species on averages of the two moisture regimes is Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne and Festuca pratensis have fodder weight signiﬁcantly lower by 20.8% and 22.6% (meadow var.) and 16.9% and 21.9% (grazing var.). Reduction of moisture signiﬁcantly decreased the above ground biomass weight in case of meadow exploitation in Dactylis glomerata −41.2%, in Lolium perenne by −9.9% and in Festuca pratensis −33.5%. In case of grazing exploitation, the inﬂuence of “drought” on production was less pronounced. Dactylis glomerata provided the same output, in Lolium perenne there was a decrease of −15.7% and in Festuca pratensis −11.9%. Reduction of precipitation signiﬁcantly decreased shoot formation particularly in case of meadow utilization in Lolium perenne −23.7%, Dactylis glomerata −34.7% and Festuca pratensis −20.5%. In case of grazing utilization, reduction in the number of pseudostems due to “drought” was lower – in the order of the above species – 27.1% – 4.6% – 9.6%. Generally, compared with meadow utilization, grazing utilization decreases fodder production in both moisture regimes and increases the number of above-ground shoots.

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Contribution of different grass species to plant-atmosphere ammonia exchange in intensively managed grassland

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-6-59-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 59-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

M. Mattsson ◽

B. Herrmann ◽

S. Jones ◽

A. Neftel ◽

M. A. Sutton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Lolium Perenne ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Compensation Point ◽

Grass Species ◽

Festuca Pratensis ◽

Apoplastic Ph ◽

Intensively Managed ◽

Ammonia Exchange

Abstract. Species diversity in grasslands usually declines with increasing input of nitrogen from fertilizers or atmospheric deposition. Conversely, species diversity may also impact the build-up of soil and plant nitrogen pools. One important pool is NH3/NH4+ which also can be exchanged between plant leaves and the atmosphere. Limited information is available on how plant-atmosphere ammonia exchange is related to species diversity in grasslands. We have here investigated grass species abundance and different foliar nitrogen pools in 4-year-old intensively managed grassland. Apoplastic pH and NH4+ concentrations of the 8 most abundant species (Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, Festuca pratensis, Lolium multiflorum, Poa pratensis, Dactylis glomerata, Holcus lanatus, Bromus mollis) were used to calculate stomatal NH3 compensation points. Apoplastic NH4+ concentrations differed considerably among the species, ranging from 13 to 117 μM, with highest values in Festuca pratensis. Also apoplastic pH values varied, from pH 6.0 in Phleum pratense to 6.9 in Dactylis glomerata. The observed differences in apoplastic NH4+ and pH resulted in a large span of predicted values for the stomatal NH3 compensation point which ranged between 0.20 and 6.57 nmol mol−1. Three species (Lolium perenne, Festuca pratensis and Dactylis glomerata) had sufficiently high NH3 compensation point and abundance to contribute to the bi-directional NH3 fluxes recorded over the whole field. The other 5 grass species had NH3 compensation points considerably below the atmospheric NH3 concentration and were thus not likely to contribute to NH3 emission but only to NH3 uptake from the atmosphere. Evaluated across species, leaf bulk-tissue NH4+ concentrations correlated well (r2=0.902) with stomatal NH3 compensation points calculated on the basis of the apoplastic bioassay. This suggests that leaf tissue NH4+ concentrations combined with data for the frequency distribution of the corresponding species can be used for predicting the NH3 exchange potential of a mixed grass sward.

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Analysis of dry matter yield structure of forage grasses

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4033-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 277-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

N. Lemežienė ◽

J. Kanapeckas ◽

P. Tarakanovas ◽

S. Nekrošas

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Grass Species ◽

Festuca Pratensis ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Yield Data ◽

Yield Structure

An average dry matter yield structure (three cuts per growing season) in relation to agronomically valuable characteristics of six forage grass species and a year of herbage utilization was studied over the period of 1989–2002 in Lithuania. The most productive species of the first cut of two years of herbage utilization were Phleum pratense (P < 0.01) and Festulolium hybrids (P < 0.05) (average dry matter yield were 7.42 and 6.66 t/ha, respectively), moderately productive – Festuca pratensis, Dactylis glomerata and Lolium perenne (5.58, 5.42 and 5.20 t/ha), significantly lower (P < 0.01) yielding was Poa pratensis (4.19 t/ha). During two years of herbage utilization Dactylis glomerata produced significantly (P < 0.01) higher dry matter yield of aftermath – 7.30 t/ha. Other grass species were ranked in the following order: Festulolium hybrids 5.85 t/ha, Festuca pratensis 4.94 t/ha, Poa pratensis 4.57 t/ha, Lolium perenne 4.48 t/ha, and Phleum pratense 3.92 t/ha. Dactylis glomerata and Poa pratensis distinguished by the highest aftermath percent in the structure of the annual dry matter yield (57.7 and 52.2%). Phleum pratense formed an especially poor aftermath – only 34.6%. An average annual dry matter yield data analysis of two years of herbage utilization over the period of 1989–2002 showed that Dactylis glomerata and Festulolium hybrids were most productive (P < 0.01) species.

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A Demonstration of a 1:1 Correspondence Between Chiasma Frequency and Recombination Using a Lolium perenne/Festuca pratensis Substitution

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/161.1.307 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 161 (1) ◽

pp. 307-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J King ◽

L A Roberts ◽

M J Kearsey ◽

H M Thomas ◽

R N Jones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Chiasma Frequency ◽

Chiasma Formation ◽

Grass Species ◽

Festuca Pratensis ◽

Single Chromosome ◽

Length Polymorphisms ◽

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽

Frequency Counts

Abstract A single chromosome of the grass species Festuca pratensis has been introgressed into Lolium perenne to produce a diploid monosomic substitution line (2n = 2x = 14). The chromatin of F. pratensis and L. perenne can be distinguished by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and it is therefore possible to visualize the substituted F. pratensis chromosome in the L. perenne background and to study chiasma formation in a single marked bivalent. Recombination occurs freely in the F. pratensis/L. perenne bivalent, and chiasma frequency counts give a predicted map length for this bivalent of 76 cM. The substituted F. pratensis chromosome was also mapped with 104 EcoRI/Tru91 and HindIII/Tru91 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), generating a marker map of 81 cM. This map length is almost identical to the map length of 76 cM predicted from the chiasma frequency data. The work demonstrates a 1:1 correspondence between chiasma frequency and recombination and, in addition, the absence of chromatid interference across the Festuca and Lolium centromeres.

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Can pasture persistence be improved through the use of nonryegrass species?

NZGA: Research and Practice Series ◽

10.33584/rps.15.2011.3197 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 157-162

Author(s):

G.D. Milne

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Water Temperature ◽

Lolium Perenne ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Grass Species ◽

Nutrient Deficiencies ◽

Recent Discussion

Recent discussion about pasture persistence concentrates on pastures based on perennial ryegrass, the most commonly used grass species. This paper raises the question as to whether some of the causes of poor pasture persistence are due to perennial ryegrass being used in environments to which it is not suited. The adaptation to environmental stresses, particularly water, temperature and nutrient deficiencies, in different regions of New Zealand of tall fescue, cocksfoot, phalaris, and lucerne are discussed, and how this impacts on persistence advantages over perennial ryegrass. Keywords: persistence, pasture, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Medicago sativa, Phalaris aquatica

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Effects of grass species on ruminal degradability of silages and prediction of dry matter effective degradability

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/1725-cjas ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 315-323 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

F. Jančík ◽

V. Koukolová ◽

P. Kubelková ◽

B. Čermák

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Grass Species ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Ruminant Nutrition ◽

Accuracy Level ◽

Ruminal Degradability

Forty samples of grass silages, made from the five most widely used grass species in ruminant nutrition (Dactylis glomerata L.,Phleum pratense L., Lolium perenne L., Festuca arundinacea L. and hybrid Felina) were tested in the present study. These grass species conserved by an ensiling process were compared among each other according to dry matter (DM) rumen degradability parameters (a = portion of DM solubilized at initiation of incubation, b = fraction of DM potentially degradable in the rumen, c = rate constant of disappearance of fraction b and EDDM = effective degradability of DM, estimated for each ingredient assuming the rumen solid outflow rates of 0.02 (EDDM2), 0.05 (EDDM5) and 0.08 (EDDM8) h–1). Based on the chemical composition of grass silages the regression equations for prediction of EDDM were evaluated. The influence of the ensiling process on dry matter degradability parameters was also assessed. The best values of EDDM were determined for Lolium perenne (EDDM2 = 753.2, EDDM5 = 631.1 and EDDM8 = 567.7 g/kg DM). The best predictor was NDF (R2-values of 0.757 (EDDM2), 0.863 (EDDM5) and 0.906 (EDDM8)). Using two predictors the accuracy level increased. The combination of CF and NDF gave R2-values 0.892, 0.920 and 0.929 for EDDM2, EDDM5 and EDDM8, respectively. The regression equations based on the most important grass species harvested in different vegetation periods seem to be a useful tool for practical use. No significant P < 0.05) effect of the ensiling process in relation to dry matter rumen degradability parameters was proved.

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The resistance of Lolium perenne L. × hybridum, Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra, F. arundinacea, Phleum pratense and Dactylis glomerata to soil pollution by diesel oil and petroleum

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/42/2019-pse ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 307-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jadwiga Wyszkowska ◽

Agata Borowik ◽

Jan Kucharski

Keyword(s):

Soil Pollution ◽

Lolium Perenne ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Diesel Oil ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Grass Species ◽

Festuca Rubra ◽

Lolium Perenne L ◽

Phleum Pratense L

Resistance of common European grasses to diesel oil and petroleum pollution is not well-known. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the level of resistance of selected grasses to pollution by diesel and petroleum using the pot experiment. The achieved results were compared with those determined for grasses grown on the non-polluted soil. Soil pollution with the tested products was found to significantly decrease the yield of all grasses, with the decrease being lower upon soil pollution with petroleum than with diesel oil. The most resistant to the pollution with diesel oil and petroleum were Phleum pratense L., Lolium perenne L. and Lolium × hybridum Hausskn. The degradation of particular groups of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) depended on their chemical properties, on the type of pollutant and grass species. The greatest degradation was determined in the case of BTEX, C6–C12 benzines as well as 2- and 3-ring hydrocarbons, whereas the lowest in the case of 5-and 6-ring hydrocarbons and C12–C25 oils. The most useful species in the remediation of soils polluted with diesel oil and petroleum turned out to be: Lolium perenne L., Lolium × hybridum Hausskn and Phleum pratense L., whereas the least useful appeared to be: Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata L. and Poa pratensis L.

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Productivity of caucasian clover based pastures under irrigation

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1996.58.2227 ◽

1996 ◽

pp. 177-181

Author(s):

R.A. Moss ◽

R.N. Burton ◽

B.E. Allan

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

White Clover ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Grass Species ◽

Total Production ◽

Silt Loam ◽

Trifolium Ambiguum ◽

Measurement Period

Grasslands Kara cocksfoot, Grasslands Nui ryegrass, Grasslands Roa tall fescue, Grasslands Gala grazing brome and Grasslands Maru phalaris were sown as single grass species with either white or Caucasian clover during December 1993, on a Lismore stony silt loam in Canterbury. Plots were irrigated and rotationally grazed by sheep. Total herbage produced during the first measurement period (September 1994 to July 1995) averaged 13.6 t DM/ha. All white clover-based swards produced similar yields, but with Caucasian clover, phalaris-based swards produced the most and ryegrass and grazing brome the least. Production tended to be lower from pastures sown with Caucasian than white clover (12.9 cf. 14.2,kg DM/ha). During the second measurement period (July 1995 to May 1996) total production was similar with both legumes. When evaluated over both measurement periods, phalaris and tall fescue gave the highest and cocksfoot and ryegrass the lowest production when sown with white clover, while cocksfoot and grazing brome were the lowestproducing swards with Caucasian clover. Ten --months-after-sow.ing,-white-cIover-contributed-in excess of40% of the DM in all swards except with ryegrass and grazing brome where it contributed 20%. The proportion of white clover then declined in all pastures over the following 20 months, ryegrass-based swards having the highest (10%) and cocksfoot the lowest (1%). When sown with Caucasian clover the legume content of swards increased during the 12 months from spring 1994 in swards containing phalaris, tall fescue and grazing brome. The proportion of legume in -cocksfoot swardsmdeclined-continuously from 22 to 4% over the 20 months while it increased continuously from 4 to 28% with ryegrass. The legume content in lo-month-old pastures was higher when sown with white than with Caucasian clover but this ratio was reversed by 28 months. This occurred with all pasture types but was most pronounced with ryegrass and cocksfoot pastures. The present experiment shows Caucasian clover can make a major contribution in irrigated pastures in Canterbury. 'Wattie Bush, RD 22, Peel Forest, Geruldine Keywords: Bromus stamineus, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, grazed pastures, herbage production, Lolium perenne, Phalaris aquatica, Trifolium ambiguum, Trifolium repens

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Variability and Inheritance of Digestibility in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne), Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis) and Cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata)

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica ◽

10.1080/00015128609436528 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 241-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

K. J. Frandsen

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Festuca Pratensis ◽

Meadow Fescue

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Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) as Affected by Rhizobacteria

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha44110252 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 296-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Olivera STAJKOVIĆ-SRBINOVIĆ ◽

Dušica DELIĆ ◽

Djordje KUZMANOVIĆ ◽

Biljana SIKIRIĆ ◽

Nataša RASULIĆ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Grass Species ◽

Festuca Pratensis ◽

Meadow Fescue ◽

Total N ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Uninoculated Control ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Dactylis Glomerata L

A diverse group of soil bacteria found in the rhizosphere which can colonize plant roots and improve plant growth are designated as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. The aim of this study was isolation and screening of different rhizobacterial strains for plant growth promoting characteristics and their ability to improve growth of two grass species, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.). The strains investigated, belonging to the genera Azotobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and rhizobial bacteria, showed various plant growth promoting traits, such as phosphate solubilisation, siderophore production, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. Co-inoculation of meadow fescue with Azotobacter chroococcum A2 and Sinorhizobium meliloti or Pseudomonas sp., and A. chroococcum A5 with S. meliloti, significantly increased shoot dry weight (SDW)(25-33%), as well as total N (26-33%), P (24-31%) and K (26-28%) contents in plants (mg pot-1), compared to uninoculated control. In addition, inoculation of orchardgrass with A. chroococcum strain A1, as well as co-inoculation with B. megaterium and A. chroococcum A1 or A31, significantly increased SDW (51-59%) and total N (54-59%), P (51-74%) and K (49-55%) contents, compared to uninoculated control. Nitrogen percentage in SDW was slightly higher than sufficiency ranges, while K percentage was optimal in all treatments in both species. Phosphorous percentage was lower than sufficiency ranges as a consequence of very low soil P content. The results emphasize the potential of particular rhizobacteria to improve the growth of forage grasses.

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Productivity and Quality of Diverse Ripe Pasture Grass Fodder Depends on the Method of Soil Cultivation

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.7334 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Uliana Karbivska ◽

Volodymyr Kurgak ◽

Valentyna Gamayunova ◽

Andrii Butenko ◽

Lesia Malynka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Grass Species ◽

Pasture Grass ◽

Soil Cultivation ◽

Different Depths

In this study, we investigated the influence of soil cultivation method on the productivity and quality of pasture grass fodder. We found that increasing the depth of cultivation from 8–10 cm to 20–22 cm (using surface tillage with disk implements) improved the productivity of all the grass species studied – Phleum pratense, Lolium perenne, Festuca orientalis, Dactylis glomerata, Bromus inermis, Phalaris arundinacea, Festuca rubra – by an average of 2%–3% at an LSD05 of 0.30 t ha−1, over a period of 3 years. On average, the most important factor influencing the production of 1 ha of dry mass appeared to be the species of grass, accounting for 57% of the variation. The depth of soil tillage was also important, accounting for 43% of the variation. Of all the species studied, the highest productivity was exhibited by Lolium perenne (0.35 t ha−1 of dry weight). Increasing the soil cultivation depth led to an increase in the content of crude protein and albumen (0.9%–1.1%). According to the analysis of organic matter content and digestibility of the fodder, across the different depths of soil cultivation, the early ripening species Dactylis glomerata, and the average ripening species Festuca orientalis, Lolium perenne, and Bromus inermis, performed best. Considering the different depths of soil cultivation, Lolium perenne [154 g; surface tillage (disking) 8–10 cm] and Festuca orientalis (152 g; ploughing 20–22 cm) provided the most fodder units with digestible protein.

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