scholarly journals Main Feedbacks Between Oxidizable Carbon Content and Selected Soil Characteristic of Chernozem

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-476
Author(s):  
Vítězslav Vlček ◽  
Jan Hladký ◽  
Jindřich Kynický ◽  
Martin Brtnický
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Soil Characteristic ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
South Moravia ◽  
Diagnostic Horizon

Anthropogenic pressure on our agricultural land is culminating last hundred years, especially after 1948, not only because of only massive application of mineral fertilizers but also because of land consolidation and subsequent accelerated water and wind erosion and use of mechanization. This article focuses on main demonstration of feedbacks especially with oxidizable carbon which can negatively affect soil as a homeostatic system. Oxidizable carbon, as the basis of soil humus, is crucial for maintaining soil fertility and for its resistance to further degradation factors affecting the soil. 35 chernozem sites were selected in South Moravia region. These soils had been probably used for their fertility and availability before the turn of the AD. Unfortunately, their long-term agricultural use has resulted in adverse impact on their quality.This way, shallower forms of erosion were often formed. These erosion forms are omitted for the purposes of our study there. For this work, locations with preserved chernic (i.e. diagnostic) horizon, as the horizon with less anthropogenic influence, were selected. Relations between a grain size (clay, silt and sand particles), exchange reaction in soil, sorption capacity, oxidizable carbon content, total nitrogen content and content of selected potentially acceptable elements (Ca, Mg) were monitored.

TRANSFORMATION FEATURES OF THE DRAINED PEAT-PODZOL GLEY SOILS UNDER LONG-TERM AGRICULTURAL USE

1970 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
V. А. Shevchenko ◽  
A. V. Nefedov ◽  
A. V. Ilinskiy ◽  
А. Е. Morozov
Keyword(s):  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Peat Layer ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineralization Processes ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Plough Layer

Long-term observations of the drained soil of peat-podzolic-gley light loam on ancient alluvial sands state on the example of the meliorative object "Tinky-2" showed that under the influence of agricultural use in the soil, the organic matter mineralization processes are accelerated. During the drainage process, the soil evolutionarily suffered the following changes: the peat layer was compacted, humified and mineralized, which was a reason of the transformation them into the humus horizon. Based on the monitoring studies results it was established that during 21 intensive use years the peat layer thickness was decreased by 74.5% and amounted to 5.51 inch, which in the following 20 years was decreased to a layer of 1.18 inch, and for another 14 years it became a homogeneous humus horizon containing difficulty identifiable plant remains. For half a century, the bulk density increased by 6 times and the total moisture capacity of the soil decreased by 3.6 times. Other indicators were changed significantly. So, the ash content by 2016 increased from 11.2% to 52.7%. It was a reason of the plough-layer decreasing and it mixes with the mineral sand horizon during plowing. It should also be noted that the total nitrogen content in the soil decreased by 1.13%, and total carbon by 15.3% from 1982 to 2016. The dynamics of changes in the soil acidity, phosphorus and potassium content is associated with the introduction of calcareous, organic and mineral fertilizers in the 1980s. The unsystematic exploitation of such soils leads to decrease in the agricultural products productivity and increase in energy costs. When planning these soils usage in agricultural production, it is necessary to develop and implement modern melioration technologies and techniques aimed to increase soil fertility.

scholarly journals Abandonment or Regeneration and Re-Use? Factors Affecting the Usage of Farm Premises in Different Social Spaces of the Rural

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9124
Author(s):  
Josef Navrátil ◽  
Tomáš Krejčí ◽  
Stanislav Martinát ◽  
Kamil Pícha ◽  
Petr Klusáček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
National Databases ◽  
Use Factors

Nearly every village in Central and Eastern European countries with heavily collectivized agriculture has its collective farm premises that encompass substantial parts of the village area, were built in the sixties, and now are unable to be used in former ways. The aim of the paper is to identify indicators that are relevant for spatial disparities in the utilization of agricultural premises thirty years after the fall of the Iron Curtain. The location and its area of all pre-1989 rural farm premises within two NUTS 3 regions of the Czech Republic with its current uses were identified, and differences in present uses were tested against agri-natural and socio-economic characteristics (of the municipalities where rural farm premises are located) obtained from national databases. From a global point of view, socio-economic characteristics of municipalities were found to be exceedingly more important than agri-natural—thus, changing of uses is rather dependent on socio-economic context than on geographical preconditions of agriculture. Surprisingly, agricultural use or re-use can be primarily found in municipalities not suitable for intensive agriculture located in the fodder crops and potatoes areas of agricultural production with the highest shares of permanent grassland on agricultural land. On the other hand, areas with the best preconditions for agriculture tend to re-use former farm premises for non-agricultural production.

Optimization of agricultural land use taking into account behavior of soils with different terms of agricultural use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Kovaleva ◽  
A.V. Akinchin ◽  
I. Y. Vagurin ◽  
O.S. Kuzmina
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soil Behavior ◽  
Mechanical Pressure ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Agricultural Use

The influence of time of agricultural development on soil behavior was investigated in Belgorod region by example of two key parcels corresponding to broad-forest and meadowsteppe landscapes of forest steppe. It is important to maintain soil agroecological potential and productivity in agroecosystems, having influence on the development of farming systems. The authors identified the following groups of anthropogenic factors affecting soil fertility after long-term agricultural using: mechanical (pressure on the soil and its processing by agricultural machinery, creation of micro- and nano- reliefs); organizational-territorial (various forest belts); chemical (fertilizers introduced, albeit in small quantities, but affecting the microecosystem of the parcels).

scholarly journals The impact of revitalization treatments on biological activity of soil under afforestation on post-agricultural land

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-302
Author(s):  
Anna Augustyniuk-Kram ◽  
Karol J. Kram
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
The Impact

In Poland, afforestation is usually carried out on the weakest soils, excluded from agricultural use and wasteland, i.e. post-agricultural land. A characteristic feature of such habitat is poor-quality soil, relatively high content of nutrients for trees, particularly nitrogen, as well as a low level of humus. This is important for the quality of microbiological processes occurring in post-agricultural soils. Restitution of the forest in such a habitat requires the use of various revitalisation treatments for improving soil quality and increasing biological activity and soil fertility. This article presents the results of a long-term experiment on the effectiveness of various revitalisation treatments (zoo- and phytomelioration) on afforested post-agricultural lands after more than 30 years from their application in pine forests in north-western Poland. These treatments consisted of introducing additional organic matter into the soil in the form of bark and sawdust, sowing lupine and introducing soil fauna. The comparative area for afforestation on post-agricultural soils in the presented experiment was the area of forest soils, located in the same habitat, in a pine stand, at the same time. Biological activity of soil was measured with the activity of soil enzymes dehydrogenases and acid phosphatase, the biomass of microorganisms was measured and the content of total dissolved carbon and nitrogen was also determined. 

Ecological Evaluation of the Content of Heavy Metals in Soils of Agrocenosis of Western Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
V.N. Yakimenko ◽  
G.A. Konarbaeva ◽  
V.S. Boiko ◽  
A.Yu. Timokhin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Evaluation ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

In stationary field experiments in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia, it was shown that long-term agricultural use of soil without the use of fertilizers caused a decrease in the soil content of heavy metals related to plant micronutrients — Cu, Zn, Co; the level of Pb, Cr, Sr has changed slightly. It was established that the long-term application of high, agronomically justified doses of mineral fertilizers, accompanied by a significant increase in the yield of cultivated crops, did not lead to an increase in the content of HM in the soil, compared with not fertilized areas. It was revealed that the unbalanced use of fertilizers, not ensured by the growth of crop productivity, contributed to the accumulation of HM in the soil. The necessity of monitoring the agro-ecological state of soils of agrocenoses in order to identify both excessive accumulation of heavy metals and micronutrient deficiency is substantiated.

scholarly journals Fertilization and Quality of Winter Wheat Production Obtained in Long-Term Experiences with Mineral Fertilizers

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria DEAC ◽  
Mircea IGNEA ◽  
Felicia CHEŢAN ◽  
Rozalia KADAR ◽  
Alina ŞIMON
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Fertility Status

Long-term experiences are in fact a mirror in terms of land development, fertility and factors affecting their fertility status. (HERA,2002). A particularly important issue is the quality of production made it is directly related to the doses of fertilizer applied

scholarly journals Spatial Unevenness of Formation, Remediation and Persistence of Post-Agricultural Brownfields

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Tomáš Krejčí ◽  
Josef Navrátil ◽  
Stanislav Martinát ◽  
Ryan J. Frazier ◽  
Petr Klusáček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
South Moravia ◽  
Global Moran’S I

The fall of the Iron Curtain created a vacuum upon which large-scale collectivized agriculture was largely abandoned. Post-agricultural brownfields emerge in multiple manners across national, regional and local levels. While these sites remain rarely explored, we aimed to better understand the spatial consequences of the formation, persistence and reuse of these sites. The regions of South Bohemia and South Moravia in the Czech Republic are used to show the location of post-agricultural brownfields identified in 2004 through 2018. Using Global Moran’s I test we have found that post-agricultural brownfields existing in 2004, long-term brownfields in 2018 and brownfields established between 2004 and 2018 are spatially clustered, but remediated brownfields between 2004 and 2018 are not. Next, the Anselin’s Local Moran’s I test identified where the spatial clusters exist. The clusters identified were examined for differences in their social, economic and environmental development by the means of logistic regression. The results show that the brownfields initially identified in 2004 are concentrated in regions with lower quality agricultural land while simultaneously located in the hinterlands of regional urban centers. In contrast, peripheral regions most often contained long-term brownfields. Brownfield sites identified after 2004 occurred in regions with higher agricultural quality of land and where corn usually grows.

scholarly journals Intestinal Helminths and the Influence of Environmental Factors on Cattle Infection in the Altai Mountains

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
V. A. Marchenko ◽  
E. A. Efremova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall

The purpose of the research: comparative assessment of cattle infection with intestinal helminths in various provinces and characteristics of the relationship between abiotic and anthropogenic environmental factors with the level of infection and the number of helminths in the Altai Mountains. Materials and methods. According to the results of long-term (2010–2019) ovolarvoscopic examinations, more than 2.4 thousand heads of cattle from 7 regions of the Altai Republic characterized by extensity of infection (EI) and the number of helminth eggs in 1 g of feces (NHE/g) in animals. By correlation analysis, the association of animal EI with helminths, NHE/g and abiotic and anthropogenic environmental factors in the context of farms and regions of the Altai Mountains is shown. The following parameters are estimated: long-term average annual temperature, long-term average annual rainfall, longterm average summer temperature, long-term average summer rainfall, altitude above the sea level, population density of the host, the effect of parasiticidal treatments of animals on parasite infection. Results and discussion. It was found that animals are mostly infected with intestinal helminths in the Choy region, where the EI was 61.7% when detecting NHE/g 81.8 pcs. Minimal infection of cattle by helminths was recorded in the Kosh-Agach region – 38.8% with NHE/g of 22.9 pcs. In the whole country, EI of animals is 51.8% with an egg number of 44.1 individuals in 1 g of feces. Within the physical-geographical provinces, cattle are mostly infected in Central Altai (EI – 56.5%, NHE/g – 43.6 pcs.), to a lesser extent in Southeast Altai (EI – 38.8%, NHE/g – 22.9 pcs.). According to the results of ovoscopic examinations, it was found that the most significant factors affecting the infection of animals with intestinal helminths in farms are the long-term average annual precipitation (r = 0.60 and 0.34) and the degree of anthropogenic pressure (r = -0.52 and -0.59), in the context of districts, long-term average annual temperatures (r = 0.65 and 0.55), average annual summer rainfall (r = 0.74 and 0.65). According to larvoscopy, the most significant environmental factors affecting cattle infection are long-term average annual temperature (r = 0.62 and 0.72), long-term average annual rainfall (r = 0.76) and elevation (r = -0.71 and -0.73), in farms – the degree of anthropogenic press (r = -0.65 and -0.78).

The effectiveness of granular chalk use for growing winter wheat on grey forest soil

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
M. Tkachenko ◽  
N. Borys ◽  
Ye. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Grey Forest Soil

The research aims to establish the eff ectiveness of granular chalk use produced by «Slavuta-Calcium» Ltd. under growing Poliska–90 winter wheat variety, changing the physicochemical properties of grey forest soil and the wheat productivity. It also aims to establish optimal dosis of «Slavuta-Calcium» granular chalk as the meliorant and mineral fertilizer for grey forest soil in the system of winter wheat fertilization. In the temporary fi eld studies, various doses of nutrients N60–90–120P30–45–60K60–90–120 combined with «Slavuta–Calcium» granular chalk in a dose of Ca230–460–690 kg/ha of the active substance were studied against the background of secondary plowing of rotation products – soybean biomass that averaged 2.34 t/ha. Granular chalk is a modern complex highly eff ective meliorant with the content of Ca – 37.7 and Mg – 0.2 %, the mass fraction of carbonates (CaCO3 + MgCO3) makes at least 95 %. It is characterized by a high level of solubility when interacting with moisture in soil. It has a form of white granules, the mass fraction of 4.0–6.0 mm in size granules makes not less than 90 % and the one of 1.0 mm in size makes less than 5 %. Reactivity – 97 %. The granular chalk is advisable to apply on acidic soils, as a highly concentrated calcium-magnesium fertilizer, with the former as the dominant fertilizer, to optimize the physicochemical properties of the soil, as well as the plant nutrition system, in particular, increasing the availability of an element for assimilation by plants and as long-term ameliorants. The eff ectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers, in particular acidic nitrogen on highly and medium acidic soils, after chemical reclamation is increased by 30–50 %, and slightly acidic by 15–20 %. The increase in productivity of crops from the combined eff ects of nutrients and chalk granulated is usually higher than when separately applied. The eff ectiveness of the integrated action of these elements is manifested in the growth of plant productivity and the quality of the resulting products, as well as the optimization of physical chemical properties and soil buff ering in the long term. In order to optimize the physicochemical properties of the arable layer of gray forest soil and the productive nutrition of agricultural crops, winter wheat, in particular, biogenic elements should be used in doses N60-90-120P30-45- 60K60-90-120 with granulated chalk «Slavuta-Calcium» in doses of Ca230-460-690 kg/ha of active substance. Granulated chalk obtained as a result of industrial grinding of solid sedimentary carbonate rocks of natural origin, subsequently under the infl uence of the granulation process of the starting material contains Ca and Mg carbonates of at least 95 %, dense granules which facilitates convenient mechanized application, as well as chalk suitable for accurate metered application on the quest map. Key words: granular chalk, gray forest soil, chemical reclamation, crop productivity.

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