Effect of Variety, Sowing Date and Location on Yield and Nutritional Characteristics of Sorghum

Sorghum is a forage species important in animal nutrition with an increased potential in the upcoming difficulties in agricultural practices in regard to climate change. Therefore, this paper describes its yield and nutritional parameters depending on growing conditions simulated on two locations (humid and fertile Obora, less fertile and dry Písky), two sowing dates (29. 5. and 25. 6.), and variety (11 varieties). Fresh matter yield was determined by weighing the sample on the field immediately after harvest, Dry matter yield and nutritional content were determined in laboratory by Weende analysis from dried and homogenized samples. Nutritional parameters measured were crude fibre, fat, nitrogen and ash content. Additionally, digestibility of organic as well as dry matter was determined. No significant differences in average fresh matter yield or dry matter yield were found between the two locations and sowing dates in general. There were significant differences among varieties, the highest yields were measured in KWS Zerberus (51.57 ± 3.76 t/ha of fresh matter yield, 15.98 ± 1.34 t/ha of dry matter yield, with higher values observed on Písky). Our data suggest, that sowing date does significantly affect fat content (higher in June sowing). Other nutritional parameters were also higher in sorghum sown in June, with the exception of ash. Nutritional composition of samples did not significantly differ variety to variety, however, there were differences in digestibility of the biomass. Organic matter digestibility was 70.58–85.67%, dry matter digestibility was 73.21–86.70%, with highest digestibility in DMS 45-480. Varieties with the highest importance to farmers in the area are KWS Zerberus, KWS Tarzan and KWS Kallisto (based on dry matter yield), and Triumfo BMR, Sweet Susana and DSM 45-480 (based on digestibility). Sorghum was able to perform well even on dry sandy soil with lower fertilization, which shows the high variability and suitability of sorghum in agricultural practice.

Download Full-text

THE YIELD STABILITY AND QUALITY OF LEGUMES DURING TWO CONSECUTIVE, EXTREMELY DRY YEARS

Agriculture (Pol nohospodárstvo) ◽

10.2478/agri-2013-0015 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 167-177

Author(s):

Miriam Kizeková ◽

Ján Tomaškin ◽

Jozef Čunderlík ◽

Ľubica Jančová ◽

Janka Martincová

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Red Clover ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Herbage Quality

Abstract This study highlights the effect of drought and ambient temperature on performance and herbage quality of legume monocultures and grass-legume mixtures. In a field experiment, the total dry matter yield, seasonal pattern of dry matter yield distribution, content of crude protein and crude fibre of monocultures of red clover and alfalfa and grass-legume mixtures were investigated during two consecutive dry years (2011-2012). Alfalfa cultivars Kamila and Tereza grown as monocultures or as mixtures with Festulolium braunii (cultivar Achilles) outperformed the red clover cultivars Fresko and Veles and provided a well-balanced total and seasonal dry matter yield during both years. Across all experimental years, crude protein content was significantly higher at alfalfa monocultures and mixture when compared with clover monocultures (P < 0.05). However, considerable lower content of crude fibre at clover monocultures in comparison with alfalfa ones was found. Responses of nutritive parameters of both legume species to weather variables were different. Crude protein content in red clover was independent of rainfall and temperature. In contrast, the crude fibre content correlated with temperature whereby the alfalfa monocultures showed stronger correlations (P < 0.05) than red clover monocultures.

Download Full-text

Dry matter yield of forage corn in the late milk stage of development depending on the planting dates in the steppe zone of the Crimea

Международная научно-практическая конференция «РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ» ◽

10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.36 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

A.V. Cherkashyna ◽

◽

E.F. Sotchenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Planting Date ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Moisture Availability ◽

Sowing Dates

Dry matter yield is an objective indicator of assessing the productivity of corn hybrids grown for silage and green fodder. The aim of the work was to identify optimal planting dates to obtain maximum yield of dry matter at the late milk stage of development for hybrids of corn depending on groups of maturity under rain-fed conditions of the Crimean steppe zone. The sowing dates of the field experiment were on April 5th, 15th, and 25th. We studied hybrids of corn of different groups of maturity. Soil – chernozems southern low-humus. Meteorological conditions in 2016 were characterized by increased moisture availability (Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) 1.46). In 2017, severe drought was noted (HTC 0.34). Moisture availability was insufficient in 2018 and 2019 (HTC 0.79 and 0.78, respectively). In 2016-2019, the best planting date for hybrid ‘Nur’ was April 15th; the dry matter yield in the late milk stage was 6.69 t/ha. For the medium- early hybrid ‘Mashuk 220 MV’, the best sowing dates were April 15th and 25th; dry matter yield was 5.95 and 5.78 t/ha, respectively. Hybrid ‘Mashuk 355 MV’ demonstrated higher dry matter yield on April 5th and 15th (7.12 and 6.99 t/ha). However, the planting date of April 25th led to significant yield decreased (to 6.1 t/ha).

Download Full-text

A comparative analysis of the growth of sweet and forage sorghum crops. II. Accumulation of soluble carbohydrates and nitrogen

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9860513 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 513 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

R Ferraris ◽

DA Charles-Edwards

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Plant Density ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Degree Days ◽

Forage Sorghum ◽

Density Effects ◽

Sowing Dates

Well-watered crops of sweet sorghum (cv. Wray) and forage sorghum (cv. Silk) were grown in south-eastern Queensland. Treatments consisted of four sowing dates, two intra-row spacings and harvests taken at six physiological growth stages from the third ligule to 3 weeks after grain maturity. Plant density effects on the concentration of sugars and nitrogen were slight, and changes in yields of these components were a function of density effects on dry matter yields. At any growth stage, the concentration of sugars in both cultivars was decreased with delay in sowing date. The delay in sowing date led to an increased nitrogen concentration in cv. Wray, but in cv. Silk the nitrogen concentration was highest in early and late sowings. At maturity, the concentration of sugars in cv. Wray averaged 40'70, 10 times the level in cv. Silk. In both cultivars, accumulation was a near linear function of either time or radiation sum. The partitioning of carbohydrate differed little between cultivars but altered with their ontogeny. The efficiency of light use for sugars production was greater in cv. Wray and altered with ontogeny. In contrast, concentration of nitrogen was similar for both cultivars and decreased curvilinearly with time or degree days. The partitioning of nitrogen altered with ontogeny and the amount partitioned to leaf material was greater in cv. Silk pre-anthesis but was less post-anthesis. Yield of stem sugars in cv. Wray exceeded 10 t ha-1 when the crops were sown early in the season, but was only 3 t ha-1 with late-sown crops.

Download Full-text

Sowing date affects yield components of canarygrass seed

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p02-037 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 357-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. L. Bodega ◽

M. A. De Dios ◽

M. M. Pereyra Iraola

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Block Design ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Four Blocks ◽

Number Of Seeds

Canarygrass (Phalaris canariensis L.) crops are sown from June to mid-September in the southeastern area of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Sowing dates in this range result in different growing temperatures and photoperiods that affect the duration of developmental stages, biomass production, and seed yield and its components. For Argentina, there are no reported studies that address these effects. This study on the effects of sowing date was conducted during four growing seasons (1996–1999) at the Instituto Nacional de Tecnologí a Agropecuaria (INTA) Experimental Station at Balcarce, Argentina, using a population provided by Dr. Jaime Lloveras, University of Leyda, Spain. Different seeding dates were chosen from June to mid-September. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four blocks. When the sowing date was delayed, total dry matter (DM) decreased. For early sowing dates seed yield was constant, but after 10 August it was reduced by 1.5% for each day of delay. Earlier sowing increased the duration of pre-anthesis development with greater uniformity in panicle size and the number of seeds. Seed yield was related lin early to the number of seeds and plant dry matter yield (DMY). The rate of progress from emergence to anthesis (1/days from emergence to anthesis) was proportional to the mean photoperiod. Under the environmental conditions in Balcarce, the accumulated required thermal units for anthesis was reduced when sowing was delayed from June to September. This reduction was related to the photoperiod and was estimated as –189.3 growing degree-days per hour of photoperiod increment. Key words: Canarygrass, seed yield, sowing date, yield components

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Biomass Yield and Nutritional Composition of Soybean (Glycine Max (L.)Merrill) Varieties Grown in Low Land Areas of Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia

10.20944/preprints202011.0271.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abito Asres ◽

Solomon Tiruneh

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Combined Analysis ◽

Strong Evaluation ◽

Glycine Max L

The experiment was conducted in three locations Jari, Chefa and Sirinka of Eastern Amhara to select the best performing varieties, in terms of biomass yield, chemical composition, haulm yield, seed yield and other agronomic characteristics of Glycine max (L.) Merrill grown under the rain- fed condition of lowland areas of Eastern Amhara in a randomized complete block design with tree replications. Twelve released soybean varieties were Afgat ,Belesa-95, Boshe , Cheri , Dhidhessa, Gishama , Gizo, Korme, Pawe-03, katta, Wegayen and Wollo were used as a treatments. The seeds were planted in 40 cm between rows and 10 cm between plants on a plot size of 3.2m*4m. Spacing between blocks and plots were 1 and 0.5m, respectively. The seed rate was 60 kg/ha and a fertilizer rate 100 kg/ha NPS was applied during seed planting. The combined analysis of variance over two years at location Jari for dry matter yield of varieties Afgat, Gizo, Pawe-03, Wogayen and Wollo were significantly higher as compared to other soybean varieties. The combined analysis across locations at Jari and Sirinka (2019-second year) showed that varieties Afgat, Gishama, Gizo, Pawe-03, Wogayen and Wollo had higher dry matter yield and varieties Gishama (3.97 t/ha), Gizo (3.60 t/ha), Pawe-03 (4.04 t/ha) and Wogayen (3.36 t/ha) had higher haulm yield as compared with other varieties. The combined analysis across locations at Jari and Sirinka (2019) showed that varieties Pawe-03(2951 kg/ha), Gizo (2862 kg/ha), Afgat (2859 kg/ha), Gishama (2654 kg/ha),Wollo (2461 kg/ha) and Wogayen (2404 kg/ha) had higher seed yield as compared with other varieties. The variety Wollo gave higher crud protein content in two locations (Jari and Sirinka) .Therefore, varieties Afgat, Pawe-03 and Wollo were recommends for the given areas of Jari , Chefa, Sirinka and could be produced in similar environments for the best of produced optimal amount of dry matter, haulm and seed yield and good protein supplement for production of ruminants.Thus, further researches will be needed to investigate on the utilization of livestock.

Download Full-text

Influence of Sowing Dates on the Phenological Development, Growth and Yield Of White Maize Genotypes

Bangladesh Agronomy Journal ◽

10.3329/baj.v24i1.55546 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 57-70

Author(s):

S Akhtar ◽

MJ Ullah ◽

A Hamid ◽

MS Islam ◽

MKU Ahamed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Winter Season ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Maize Genotypes ◽

Sowing Dates

The experiment was conducted at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (90o22 E, 23o 41 N), Dhaka, Bangladesh in Rabi (winter) season of 2017-2018 to study the effects of sowing date on growth and yield of four white maize genotypes, viz. PSC-121, Yangnuo-7, Yungnuo-30 and Changnuo-6. Sowing dates were November 26, December 11, and December 26. Data were collected on different phenological growth stages, dry matter, physiological attributes, yield, and yield attributes. A delay in sowing date delayed the time required for seedling emergence, to reach the 6-leaf collar, maturity stage, and also reduced yield. The planting of PSC-121 in November 26 gave the highest dry matter plant-1, the number of grains cob-1, and 100- grain weight that resulted in the highest grain yield (11.65 t/ha) of the genotype. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2021, 24(1): 57-70

Download Full-text

Dry matter and sugar content as parameters to assess the quality of sugar beet varieties for anaerobic digestion

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si15449 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 232-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Philipp Starke ◽

Christa Hoffmann

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Field Trials ◽

High Yield ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Biogas Yield ◽

The Impact

Sugar beet is considered as biogas substrate because of its high yield. However, varieties differ in quality, in particular sugar content, which might affect biogas formation. The study aimed at analysing the impact of different beet qualities on biogas formation. Furthermore, parameters describing beet quality for anaerobic digestion should be found. From 2009 to 2011 field trials with several sugar beet varieties and a fodder beet variety were conducted with different N application rates at sites near Göttingen and Regensburg to get a broad range of beet qualities. The dry matter composition of beets, leaves, winter beet, bolters and maize was analysed. Discontinuous batch trials with fresh beet material were conducted to determine biogas formation. Sugar beet varieties did not differ in their dry matter composition and thus in biogas formation, whereas differences occurred between sugar beet and other substrates. Sugar beet was characterised by a high content of organic dry matter (98% oDM). The degradation time was mainly affected by the crude fibre content of the material. Therefore 90% of the biogas from sugar beet was formed within 3.5 days, whereas from winter beet, bolters and maize it took more than 10 days. The calculation of the specific biogas yield of different sugar beet qualities with two formulae resulted in lower values than determined in batch trials. A formula was derived to assess sugar beet quality for anaerobic digestion based on the sugar content, as increasing sugar contents lead to increasing specific biogas yields per kilogramme fresh matter.

Download Full-text

The response of grass for silage to sulphur application at 20 sites in Northern Ireland

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600069732 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 107 (3) ◽

pp. 565-571 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R. J. Stevens ◽

Catherine J. Watson

Keyword(s):

Northern Ireland ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Agricultural Practice ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Organic Manures ◽

Limited Success ◽

Significant Yield

SUMMARYTwenty field site3 were selected for their potential sulphur-deficient status. The effect of sulphur at 10 kg S/ha per cut as gypsum or kieserite on the yield and composition of grass for silage given intensive fertilizer was measured at two or three cuts in 1985. Other incidental sulphur inputs in P and K fertilizers and organic manures were minimized. There were significant increases (P < 0·05) in dry-matter yield at ten harvests on five sites. At seven of the ten harvests gypsum and kieserite were equally effective, but at three harvests only kieserite gave significant yield increases. The drymatter yield increases occurred at all three cuts.Using soil analyses to predict sulphur-deficient sites had limited success. The conclusions from this study were that soils with extractable sulphate values < 10 mg S/l had adequate reserves for three-cut silage while soils with values > 10 mg S/l had a 1 in 3 chance of being sulphur deficient. Using plant analyses to diagnose sulphur-deficient herbage had also limited success. In this study herbage with an N/S ratio > 14 was sulphur deficient while herbage with a ratio > 12 had a 1 in 2 chance of being deficient.The proportion of sulphur responsive sites in this study is an overestimate for Northern Ireland as a whole. Most soils in this country have higher clay and organicmatter contents than the field sites. The application of organic manures in normal agricultural practice is likely to be an important source of sulphur to grass for cutting.

Download Full-text