Minimum Fuel Consumption and CO Emission and Optimum Speed of the Motorcycle with a CVT

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Mao Huang ◽  
Bi Shyang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Simulated Annealing Algorithm ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Ratio Change ◽  
Co Emission

The simulated annealing algorithm with the Bessel method for curve fitting and the tensor product method for surface fitting is used to transform engine discrete experimental data into a form that enables these data to be incorporated in the optimization process. Optimum curves of the engine torque versus the engine rotational speed and the engine rotational speed versus the motorcycle speed for the fuel consumption and the carbon monoxide (CO) emission are obtained for a motorcycle with a continuously variable transmission (CVT). The engine rotational speed at which a motorcycle begins to move for the specific engine data is obtained. From design parameters, engine rotational speeds corresponding to the maximum and minimum CVT speed ratio change, the minimum fuel consumption and CO emission, and optimum design variables can be determined.

Minimum Fuel Consumption and CO Emission and Optimum Speed of the Motorcycle With a CVT

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Mao Huang ◽  
Bi Shyang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Simulated Annealing Algorithm ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Optimum Speed ◽  
Product Method ◽  
Ratio Change ◽  
Annealing Algorithm ◽  
Co Emission

Abstract The simulated annealing algorithm with the Bessel method for the curve fitting and the tensor product method for the surface fitting was used to transform the discrete experimental data into the form that the method of optimization can use these data directly. The rotational speeds of an engine starting the movement and corresponding the optimum speed of a motorcycle, minimum speed ratio of a CVT, optimum tooth numbers of gears and the gear ratio for the specific engine data were obtained. The rotational speeds of an engine corresponding the beginning and ending of the CVT speed ratio change, the minimum fuel consumption and the CO emission, the optimum design parameters can be determined. The results of the design parameters can be recommended for the CVT with the specific engine.

Optimum Design of the Continuously Variable Transmission for a Motorcycle

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Mao Huang ◽  
Bi Shyang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Annealing Algorithm ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Continuous Variable Transmission ◽  
Product Method ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Annealing Algorithm ◽  
Further Development

Abstract Many design parameters affect the performance of continuous variable transmissions. This paper presents the optimization of a continuous variable transmission by using the simulated annealing algorithm. The Bessel method of curve fitting and the tensor product method of surface fitting were used to facilitate the discrete fuel consumption, emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and HC compound of experimental engine data. A compromise method was used to analyze the multi-objective functions. The values for design variables are recommended for further development.

Optimization for speed regulation strategy of compound coupled hydro-mechanical transmission

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440702098056
Author(s):  
Jin Yu ◽  
Pengfei Shen ◽  
Zhao Wang ◽  
Yurun Song ◽  
Xiaohan Dong
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Dynamic Programming Algorithm ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Programming Algorithm ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Speed Regulation ◽  
Ratio Change ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Wheel Loaders

Heavy duty vehicles, especially special vehicles, including wheel loaders and sprinklers, generally work with drastic changes in load. With the usage of a conventional hydraulic mechanical transmission, they face with these problems such as low efficiency, high fuel consumption and so forth. Some scholars focus on the research to solve these issues. However, few of them take into optimal strategies the fluctuation of speed ratio change, which can also cause a lot of problems. In this study, a novel speed regulation is proposed which cannot only solve problems above but also overcome impact caused by speed ratio change. Initially, based on the former research of the Compound Coupled Hydro-mechanical Transmission (CCHMT), the basic characteristics of CCHMT are analyzed. Besides, to solve these problems, dynamic programming algorithm is utilized to formulate basic speed regulation strategy under specific operating condition. In order to reduce the problem caused by speed ratio change, a new optimization is applied. The results indicate that the proposed DP optimal speed regulation strategy has better performance on reducing fuel consumption by up to 1.16% and 6.66% in driving cycle JN1015 and in ECE R15 working condition individually, as well as smoothing the fluctuation of speed ratio by up to 12.65% and 19.01% in those two driving cycles respectively. The processes determining the speed regulation strategy can provide a new method to formulate the control strategies of CCHMT under different operating conditions particularlly under real-world conditions.

scholarly journals Real-Time Control Strategy for CVT-Based Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Drivability Constraints

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hangyang Li ◽  
Yunshan Zhou ◽  
Huanjian Xiong ◽  
Bing Fu ◽  
Zhiliang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Continuously Variable Transmission ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Driving Pattern ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Equivalent Factor ◽  
Hybrid Electric

The energy management strategy has a great influence on the fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles, and the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) has proved to be a useful tool for the real-time optimal control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). However, the adaptation of the equivalent factor poses a major challenge in order to obtain optimal fuel consumption as well as robustness to varying driving cycles. In this paper, an adaptive-ECMS based on driving pattern recognition (DPR) is established for hybrid electric vehicles with continuously variable transmission. The learning vector quantization (LVQ) neural network model was adopted for the on-line DPR algorithm. The influence of the battery state of charge (SOC) on the optimal equivalent factor was studied under different driving patterns. On this basis, a method of adaptation of the equivalent factor was proposed by considering the type of driving pattern and the battery SOC. Besides that, in order to enhance drivability, penalty terms were introduced to constrain frequent engine on/off events and large variations of the continuously variable transmission (CVT) speed ratio. Simulation results showed that the proposed method efficiently improved the equivalent fuel consumption with charge-sustaining operations and also took into account driving comfort.

scholarly journals Nonlinear Optimal Control of Continuously Variable Transmission Powertrain

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Reza Kazemi ◽  
Mohsen Raf’at ◽  
Amir Reza noruzi
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Driver Model ◽  
Control Rules ◽  
Fuel Consumption Reduction ◽  
Consumption Reduction ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Ratio Change ◽  
Computational Systems

Optimization of gear ratio with the objectives of fuel consumption reduction and vehicle longitudinal performance improvement has been the subject of many studies for years. Finding a strategy for changing gears with specific control objectives, especially in the design of vehicles equipped with Continuously Variable Transition system (CVT), which has advantage of arbitrary selection of gear ratio, has been the aim of some recent researches. Optimal control theory has rarely been used in the previous control approaches applied to such systems due to the limitations in the use of fast computational systems. The aim of this study is to design the aforementioned gear ratio change strategy and related control rules on the basis of optimal control. A driver model is also designed for the simulation of driving cycle using MATLAB Simulink Toolbar. Results of implementing optimal control rules in vehicle longitudinal movement simulation with the aim of fuel consumption reduction are finally represented. The presented method has the remarkable advantage of considerable fuel consumption reduction in comparison to other proposed approaches for gear ratio change strategies.

Analyses and Optimization of a Propulsion Cycle for Unmixed High Bypass Turbofan

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Ghenaiet
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
High Pressure Ratio ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Bypass Ratio

This paper deals with a parametric study and an optimization for the design variables of a high bypass unmixed turbofan equipping commercial aircrafts. The objective of the first part of this study is to highlight the effects of the principal design parameters (bypass ratio, compression ratios, turbine inlet temperature etc..) on the uninstalled performance, in terms of specific thrust and specific fuel consumption. The second part concerns the optimization, aiming at finding the optimum design parameters concurrently minimizing the specific fuel consumption at cruise, and meeting the thrust requirement at takeoff. The cycle analyzer (on-design and off-design) as coupled to the optimization algorithm MMFD by adopting a random multi-starts search strategy is shown to be stable and converging. The predefined requirements and constraints have dictated utilizing an engine with a high-bypass ratio, high-pressure ratio and a moderate turbine inlet temperature. In general, the obtained results compare fairly well with typical data available for an equivalent ‘reference’ engine. This elaborated methodology is shown to be consistent with the conceptual design requirements and accuracy, because, it does not use components’ characteristics, and operates on simplifying assumptions. This present methodology can be readily adapted for other configurations of aero-engines as well, and easily integrated in a multi-disciplinary design approach.

On the Design and Matching of Turbocharger Single Scroll Turbines for Pass Car Gasoline Engines

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Gugau ◽  
Harald Roclawski
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Component Design ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Turbine Design

With emission legislation becoming more stringent within the next years, almost all future internal combustion gasoline engines need to reduce specific fuel consumption, most of them by using turbochargers. Additionally, car manufactures attach high importance to a good drivability, which usually is being quantified as a target torque already available at low engine speeds—reached in transient response operation as fast as possible. These engine requirements result in a challenging turbocharger compressor and turbine design task, since for both not one single operating point needs to be aerodynamically optimized but the components have to provide for the optimum overall compromise for maximum thermodynamic performance. The component design targets are closely related and actually controlled by the matching procedure that fits turbine and compressor to the engine. Inaccuracies in matching a turbine to the engine full load are largely due to the pulsating engine flow characteristic and arise from the necessity of arbitrary turbine map extrapolation toward low turbine blade speed ratios and the deficient estimation of turbine efficiency for low engine speed operating points. This paper addresses the above described standard problems, presenting a methodology that covers almost all aspects of thermodynamic turbine design based on a comparison of radial and mixed-flow turbines. Wheel geometry definition with respect to contrary design objectives is done using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), finite element analysis (FEA), and optimization software. Parametrical turbine models, composed of wheel, volute, and standard piping allow for fast map calculation similar to steady hot gas tests but covering the complete range of engine pulsating mass flow. These extended turbine maps are then used for a particular assessment of turbine power output under unsteady flow admission resulting in an improved steady-state matching quality. Additionally, the effect of various design parameters like either volute sizing or the choice of compressor to turbine diameter ratio on turbine blade speed ratio operating range as well as well as turbine inertia effect is analyzed. Finally, this method enables the designer to comparatively evaluate the ability of a turbine design to accelerate the turbocharger speed for transient engine response while still offering a map characteristic that keeps fuel consumption low at all engine speeds.

POSSIBILITIES OF DRIVEABILITY AND FUEL CONSUMPTION IMPROVEMENT BY ADVANCED CONTROL POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM IN PASSENGER CAR

Transport ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bieniek ◽  
Jerzy Jantos ◽  
Jarosław Mamala
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Control Power ◽  
Power Transmission System ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Ratio Change

The correct work of a power transmission system for the sake of a car motion properties, fuel consumption and pollution emission, requires proper control of an engine and power transmission system. This problem becomes especially significant in the case of automation of the power transmission system and particularly regarding the system of constant gear ratio change between the engine and drive wheels (Continuously Variable Transmission), examined in the paper. This control is based on friction degree conditions estimation between metal belt and the transmission wheels. This paper also describes the experimental results of bench test and road test and applying of different control strategies.

On the Design and Matching of Turbocharger Turbines for Pass Car Gasoline Engines

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Gugau ◽  
Harald Roclawski
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Component Design ◽  
Matching Procedure ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Turbine Design

With emission legislation becoming more stringent within the next years, almost all future internal combustion gasoline engines need to reduce specific fuel consumption, most of them by using turbochargers. Additionally, car manufactures attach high importance to a good drivability, which usually is being quantified as a target torque already available at low engine speeds that is fast reached in transient response operation. These engine requirements result in a challenging turbocharger compressor and turbine design task, since for both not one single operating point needs to be aerodynamically optimized but the components have to provide for the optimum overall compromise for maximum thermodynamic performance. The component design targets are closely related and actually controlled by the matching procedure that fits turbine and compressor to the engine. Inaccuracies in matching a turbine to the engine full load are largely due to the pulsating engine flow characteristic and arise from the necessity of arbitrary map extrapolation to low turbine blade speed ratios and the estimation of turbine efficiency for low engine speeds. This paper addresses the above described standard problems, presenting a methodology that covers almost all aspects of thermodynamic turbine design based on a comparison of radial and mixed flow turbines. Wheel geometry definition with respect to contrary design objectives is done using CFD, FEA and optimization software. Parametrical turbine models, composed of wheel, volute and standard piping allow for fast map calculation similar to steady hot gas tests but covering the complete range of engine pulsating mass flow. These extended turbine maps are then used for a particular assessment of turbine power output under unsteady flow admission resulting in an improved steady state matching quality. Additionally, the effect of various design parameters like either volute sizing or the choice of compressor to turbine diameter ratio on turbine blade speed ratio operating range as well as its inertia is analyzed. Finally, this method enables the designer to comparatively evaluate the ability of a turbine design to accelerate the turbocharger speed for transient engine response while still offering a map characteristic that keeps fuel consumption low at all engine speeds.

Effects of Design Parameters on Aerodynamic Performance of New Profile Small Wind Turbine Blades

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahasidha Birajdar ◽  
Sandip Kale ◽  
S. N. Sapali
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Aerodynamic Performance ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Tip Speed Ratio ◽  
Small Wind Turbine ◽  
Thrust And Torque

Wind is a one of the clean resources of energy and has the ability to contribute a considerable share in growing world energy consumption. The small wind turbine plays a vital role in fulfillment of energy needs preferably for household purpose. In order to unleash the budding of applicability of small wind turbine, it is necessary to improve its performance. The performance of a small wind turbine can be distinguished by the manners in which power, thrust and torque vary with the wind speed. The wind power indicates the amount of energy captured by the wind turbine rotor. It is convenient to express the performance of small wind turbine by means of non-dimensional performance curves, therefore in this paper the most graphs are drawn to power, thrust and torque coefficients as a function of the tip speed ratio. This paper presents the effect of design parameters such as the tip speed ratio, angle of attack, wind speed, solidity, number of blades, etc. on the aerodynamic performance of small wind turbine and proposes the optimum values of these parameters for the newly designed blade. The new designed blade consists of two new airfoils and named as IND 15045 and IND 09848. This new profile blade is designed for a wind turbine of 1 kW rated power. The blade is divided into ten sections. The designed length of blade is 1.5 m and it is made using IND 15045 airfoils at three root sections and IND 09848 airfoils for remaining seven sections. Q-Blade is used for the numerical simulation of wind turbine airfoils and blade. It is integrated tool of XFOIL and blade element momentum theory of wind turbine blade design. Also the effect of constant rotational speed operation, effect of stall regulation effect of rotational speed change and the effect of solidity on the performance of wind turbine is discussed. This paper delivers a broad view of perception for design of small wind turbine and parameter selection for the new wind turbine blade. Also in this paper the effect of different losses viz. tip losses, drag losses, stall losses and hub losses on the small wind turbine are discussed. The efficiency of the small wind turbine varies significantly with wind speed, but it would be designed such a way that maximized efficiencies are achieved at the wind speed where the maximum energy is available.

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