On the Design and Matching of Turbocharger Turbines for Pass Car Gasoline Engines

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Gugau ◽  
Harald Roclawski
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Component Design ◽  
Matching Procedure ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Turbine Design

With emission legislation becoming more stringent within the next years, almost all future internal combustion gasoline engines need to reduce specific fuel consumption, most of them by using turbochargers. Additionally, car manufactures attach high importance to a good drivability, which usually is being quantified as a target torque already available at low engine speeds that is fast reached in transient response operation. These engine requirements result in a challenging turbocharger compressor and turbine design task, since for both not one single operating point needs to be aerodynamically optimized but the components have to provide for the optimum overall compromise for maximum thermodynamic performance. The component design targets are closely related and actually controlled by the matching procedure that fits turbine and compressor to the engine. Inaccuracies in matching a turbine to the engine full load are largely due to the pulsating engine flow characteristic and arise from the necessity of arbitrary map extrapolation to low turbine blade speed ratios and the estimation of turbine efficiency for low engine speeds. This paper addresses the above described standard problems, presenting a methodology that covers almost all aspects of thermodynamic turbine design based on a comparison of radial and mixed flow turbines. Wheel geometry definition with respect to contrary design objectives is done using CFD, FEA and optimization software. Parametrical turbine models, composed of wheel, volute and standard piping allow for fast map calculation similar to steady hot gas tests but covering the complete range of engine pulsating mass flow. These extended turbine maps are then used for a particular assessment of turbine power output under unsteady flow admission resulting in an improved steady state matching quality. Additionally, the effect of various design parameters like either volute sizing or the choice of compressor to turbine diameter ratio on turbine blade speed ratio operating range as well as its inertia is analyzed. Finally, this method enables the designer to comparatively evaluate the ability of a turbine design to accelerate the turbocharger speed for transient engine response while still offering a map characteristic that keeps fuel consumption low at all engine speeds.

On the Design and Matching of Turbocharger Single Scroll Turbines for Pass Car Gasoline Engines

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Gugau ◽  
Harald Roclawski
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Component Design ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Turbine Design

With emission legislation becoming more stringent within the next years, almost all future internal combustion gasoline engines need to reduce specific fuel consumption, most of them by using turbochargers. Additionally, car manufactures attach high importance to a good drivability, which usually is being quantified as a target torque already available at low engine speeds—reached in transient response operation as fast as possible. These engine requirements result in a challenging turbocharger compressor and turbine design task, since for both not one single operating point needs to be aerodynamically optimized but the components have to provide for the optimum overall compromise for maximum thermodynamic performance. The component design targets are closely related and actually controlled by the matching procedure that fits turbine and compressor to the engine. Inaccuracies in matching a turbine to the engine full load are largely due to the pulsating engine flow characteristic and arise from the necessity of arbitrary turbine map extrapolation toward low turbine blade speed ratios and the deficient estimation of turbine efficiency for low engine speed operating points. This paper addresses the above described standard problems, presenting a methodology that covers almost all aspects of thermodynamic turbine design based on a comparison of radial and mixed-flow turbines. Wheel geometry definition with respect to contrary design objectives is done using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), finite element analysis (FEA), and optimization software. Parametrical turbine models, composed of wheel, volute, and standard piping allow for fast map calculation similar to steady hot gas tests but covering the complete range of engine pulsating mass flow. These extended turbine maps are then used for a particular assessment of turbine power output under unsteady flow admission resulting in an improved steady-state matching quality. Additionally, the effect of various design parameters like either volute sizing or the choice of compressor to turbine diameter ratio on turbine blade speed ratio operating range as well as well as turbine inertia effect is analyzed. Finally, this method enables the designer to comparatively evaluate the ability of a turbine design to accelerate the turbocharger speed for transient engine response while still offering a map characteristic that keeps fuel consumption low at all engine speeds.

Parameter Optimization on Combined Gas Turbine-Fuel Cell Power Plants

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Compressor Pressure Ratio ◽  
Turbine Design ◽  
Cycle Efficiency ◽  
Compressor Efficiency

A thermodynamic model for a gas turbine-fuel cell hybrid is created and described in the paper. The effects of gas turbine design parameters such as compressor pressure ratio, compressor efficiency, turbine efficiency, and mass flow are considered. The model allows to simulate the effects of fuel cell design parameters such as operating temperature, pressure, fuel utilization, and current density on the cycle efficiency. This paper discusses, based on a parametric study, optimum design parameters for a hybrid gas turbine. Because it is desirable to use existing gas turbine designs for the hybrids, the requirements for this hybridization are considered. Based on performance data for a typical 1600hp industrial single shaft gas turbine, a model to predict the off-design performance is developed. In the paper, two complementary studies are performed: The first study attempts to determine the range of cycle parameters that will lead to a reasonable cycle efficiency. Next, an existing gas turbine, that fits into the previously established range of parameters, will be studied in more detail. Conclusions from this paper include the feasibility of using existing gas turbine designs for the proposed cycle.

scholarly journals Design, Construction and Simulation of Tesla Turbine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
SMG Akele ◽  
M. Ejededawe ◽  
G. A.Udoekong ◽  
A. Uwadiae ◽  
M. E. Oviawe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Simulation Performance ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Method Of Solution ◽  
Model Geometry ◽  
Turbine Design

Investigations of laminar fluid flow between two moving or stationary plates, and two rotating discs, over the years were geared toward how to increase Tesla-based turbine efficiency. Therefore, this research entails the construction, design and simulation of a Tesla turbine in order to investigate the potential of Tesla turbine for energy generation. Method of solution entails the design and construction of a physical model Tesla turbine from locally sourced materials. The physical model geometry and design parameters were then used to conduct numerical simulation. Performance evaluation was then carried on the physical model and the simulation model. The result showed that voltage, current and power all increase with increase in rev. per minute.  The result obtained indicates that for higher power generation, a Tesla turbine design with higher revolution per minute capability will be required.  Turbine model simulation showed that radial velocity vector to be concentrated at the discs periphery and outlet. The research results are good references for design of larger Tesla turbine for community use.

Minimum Fuel Consumption and CO Emission and Optimum Speed of the Motorcycle With a CVT

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Mao Huang ◽  
Bi Shyang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Simulated Annealing Algorithm ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Optimum Speed ◽  
Product Method ◽  
Ratio Change ◽  
Annealing Algorithm ◽  
Co Emission

Abstract The simulated annealing algorithm with the Bessel method for the curve fitting and the tensor product method for the surface fitting was used to transform the discrete experimental data into the form that the method of optimization can use these data directly. The rotational speeds of an engine starting the movement and corresponding the optimum speed of a motorcycle, minimum speed ratio of a CVT, optimum tooth numbers of gears and the gear ratio for the specific engine data were obtained. The rotational speeds of an engine corresponding the beginning and ending of the CVT speed ratio change, the minimum fuel consumption and the CO emission, the optimum design parameters can be determined. The results of the design parameters can be recommended for the CVT with the specific engine.

Minimum Fuel Consumption and CO Emission and Optimum Speed of the Motorcycle with a CVT

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Mao Huang ◽  
Bi Shyang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Simulated Annealing Algorithm ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Ratio Change ◽  
Co Emission

The simulated annealing algorithm with the Bessel method for curve fitting and the tensor product method for surface fitting is used to transform engine discrete experimental data into a form that enables these data to be incorporated in the optimization process. Optimum curves of the engine torque versus the engine rotational speed and the engine rotational speed versus the motorcycle speed for the fuel consumption and the carbon monoxide (CO) emission are obtained for a motorcycle with a continuously variable transmission (CVT). The engine rotational speed at which a motorcycle begins to move for the specific engine data is obtained. From design parameters, engine rotational speeds corresponding to the maximum and minimum CVT speed ratio change, the minimum fuel consumption and CO emission, and optimum design variables can be determined.

Design of a Controllable One-Meter Scale Research Wind Turbine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Cole ◽  
Gavin Hess ◽  
Martin Wosnik
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Flow Physics ◽  
Manual Adjustment ◽  
High Reynolds ◽  
Turbine Design

A research wind turbine of one meter diameter was designed for the UNH Flow Physics Facility (FPF), a very large flow physics quality turbulent boundary layer wind tunnel (W 6m, H 2.7m, L 72m), which provides excellent spatial and temporal resolution, low flow blockage and allows measurements of turbine wakes far downstream due its long fetch. The initial turbine design was carried out as an aero-servo model of the NREL 5MW reference turbine, with subsequent modifications to both the hub to accommodate blade mounting and pitch-adjustment, and increases in model blade chord to achieve sufficiently high Reynolds numbers. A trade-off study of turbine design parameters in scale space was conducted. Several candidate airfoil profiles were evaluated numerically with the goal to reach Reynolds-number independence in turbine performance in the target operating range. The model turbine will achieve Reynolds numbers based on blade chord, an important consideration for airfoil performance and near-wake evolution, greater than 100,000, and Reynolds numbers based on turbine diameter, important for far-wake transport, on the order of 1,000,000. The blockage ratio is less than 5% based on swept area. A motor and controller combination was implemented that allows to precisely prescribe the turbine tip-speed ratio (at maximum power coefficient for optimum blade chord), which can remain stable and absorb the generated electric power for long periods of time. The turbine nacelle was designed with a blade mounting mechanism which allows for precise manual adjustment of blade pitch angle, while allowing for future implementation of actuated pitch control. The O(1m) turbine scale is viewed as a cost-effective compromise between size, driven by the need for sufficiently high Reynolds number, and the need for detailed measurements for significant distances downstream of the turbine under controlled conditions.

Parametric Study of Crowned Blade in Horizontal Axial Turbine

2013 ◽  
Vol 732-733 ◽  
pp. 443-450
Author(s):  
Jun Wei Zhou ◽  
Da Zheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Design Parameters ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Tip Leakage Flow ◽  
Axial Turbine ◽  
Tip Speed Ratio ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Tidal Stream ◽  
Blade Tip ◽  
Design Value ◽  
Cfd Method

The horizontal axial turbine could extract kinetic energy from both wind and tidal stream. In this paper, a type of horizontal axial turbine was designed with a crown stalled on the blade tip and the turbine was analyzed in a tidal stream. Several turbines with different geometries of the crowns were compared, whose power coefficients were numerically simulated by the CFD method. Effects of the crown design parameters, such as crown setting directions and different widths on turbine efficiency were discussed. Furthermore, when the turbine worked at different tip speed ratio, the results were discussed, either. By analysis of the results, it is could be concluded that a circular crown was sufficient to eliminate blade tip loss caused by tip leakage flow. The upstream semicircle crown modified the corresponding side foil pressure distribution to the design value, and so did the downstream semicircle crown. In the ellipse crowns testing, turbine efficiency was approximately in line with the value of crowns width. When the turbine with the circular crown worked at a little higher tip speed ratio than the design value, the crown was effective as before.

scholarly journals Turbine Design and Optimization for a Supercritical CO2 Cycle Using a Multifaceted Approach Based on Deep Neural Network

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7807
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saeed ◽  
Abdallah S. Berrouk ◽  
Burhani M. Burhani ◽  
Ahmed M. Alatyar ◽  
Yasser F. Al Wahedi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Inlet Flow ◽  
Flow Angle ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Radial Turbine ◽  
Turbine Design

Turbine as a key power unit is vital to the novel supercritical carbon dioxide cycle (sCO2-BC). At the same time, the turbine design and optimization process for the sCO2-BC is complicated, and its relevant investigations are still absent in the literature due to the behavior of supercritical fluid in the vicinity of the critical point. In this regard, the current study entails a multifaceted approach for designing and optimizing a radial turbine system for an 8 MW sCO2 power cycle. Initially, a base design of the turbine is calculated utilizing an in-house radial turbine design and analysis code (RTDC), where sharp variations in the properties of CO2 are implemented by coupling the code with NIST’s Refprop. Later, 600 variants of the base geometry of the turbine are constructed by changing the selected turbine design geometric parameters, i.e., shroud ratio (rs4r3), hub ratio (rs4r3), speed ratio (νs) and inlet flow angle (α3) and are investigated numerically through 3D-RANS simulations. The generated CFD data is then used to train a deep neural network (DNN). Finally, the trained DNN model is employed as a fitting function in the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) to explore the optimized design parameters for the turbine’s rotor geometry. Moreover, the off-design performance of the optimized turbine geometry is computed and reported in the current study. Results suggest that the employed multifaceted approach reduces computational time and resources significantly and is required to completely understand the effects of various turbine design parameters on its performance and sizing. It is found that sCO2-turbine performance parameters are most sensitive to the design parameter speed ratio (νs), followed by inlet flow angle (α3), and are least receptive to shroud ratio (rs4r3). The proposed turbine design methodology based on the machine learning algorithm is effective and substantially reduces the computational cost of the design and optimization phase and can be beneficial to achieve realistic and efficient design to the turbine for sCO2-BC.

Effects of Design Parameters on Aerodynamic Performance of New Profile Small Wind Turbine Blades

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahasidha Birajdar ◽  
Sandip Kale ◽  
S. N. Sapali
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Aerodynamic Performance ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Tip Speed Ratio ◽  
Small Wind Turbine ◽  
Thrust And Torque

Wind is a one of the clean resources of energy and has the ability to contribute a considerable share in growing world energy consumption. The small wind turbine plays a vital role in fulfillment of energy needs preferably for household purpose. In order to unleash the budding of applicability of small wind turbine, it is necessary to improve its performance. The performance of a small wind turbine can be distinguished by the manners in which power, thrust and torque vary with the wind speed. The wind power indicates the amount of energy captured by the wind turbine rotor. It is convenient to express the performance of small wind turbine by means of non-dimensional performance curves, therefore in this paper the most graphs are drawn to power, thrust and torque coefficients as a function of the tip speed ratio. This paper presents the effect of design parameters such as the tip speed ratio, angle of attack, wind speed, solidity, number of blades, etc. on the aerodynamic performance of small wind turbine and proposes the optimum values of these parameters for the newly designed blade. The new designed blade consists of two new airfoils and named as IND 15045 and IND 09848. This new profile blade is designed for a wind turbine of 1 kW rated power. The blade is divided into ten sections. The designed length of blade is 1.5 m and it is made using IND 15045 airfoils at three root sections and IND 09848 airfoils for remaining seven sections. Q-Blade is used for the numerical simulation of wind turbine airfoils and blade. It is integrated tool of XFOIL and blade element momentum theory of wind turbine blade design. Also the effect of constant rotational speed operation, effect of stall regulation effect of rotational speed change and the effect of solidity on the performance of wind turbine is discussed. This paper delivers a broad view of perception for design of small wind turbine and parameter selection for the new wind turbine blade. Also in this paper the effect of different losses viz. tip losses, drag losses, stall losses and hub losses on the small wind turbine are discussed. The efficiency of the small wind turbine varies significantly with wind speed, but it would be designed such a way that maximized efficiencies are achieved at the wind speed where the maximum energy is available.

scholarly journals Design Criteria and Efficiency Prediction for Radial Inflow Turbines

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Perdichizzi ◽  
Giovanni Lozza
Keyword(s):  
Computer Code ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Main Design ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Specific Speed ◽  
Turbine Design

A theoretical investigation was performed to predict the maximum achievable efficiency of radial inflow turbines for different design conditions. The analytical tool used in the investigation is a computer code able to perform the contemporary optimization of the main design variables, in order to obtain maximum efficiency. Since the results are strictly dependent on the loss correlations, reliability of the efficiency predictions was tested at first by comparison with several test-cases available in literature: good agreement with experimental data was found, pointing to the validity of the results presented here. A large number of cases were analyzed: the efficiency and the main design parameters, obtained after the optimization process, are presented for optimum specific speed. Turbine efficiency was found to be dependent both on compressibility effects, related to the volume expansion ratio, and on actual turbine size, accounting for geometric non-similarity effects. Influence of non-optimum specific speed is also discussed. By means of similarity rules, the results enable turbine design to be performed in a simple way, for a variety of working fluids and design conditions.

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