Luxury Liners Go Green

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (07) ◽  
pp. 72-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Valent
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
First Century ◽  
System A ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
Engine Room ◽  
Electric Drive System ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

This article reviews that twenty-first century passengers on the Royal Caribbean International and Celebrity Cruises are set to make history in style. Up to six of Royal Caribbean’s Voyager- and Millennium-class vessels will be the first cruise ships ever powered by General Electric’s gas turbines. In addition to reducing engine-room noise and vibration and cutting emissions, this propulsion system—a departure from the traditional diesel engine—will make it possible for ships to set sail with a reduced maintenance crew and smaller parts inventory. Royal Caribbean International currently operates a fleet of 12 ships. In the Royal Caribbean application, the GE gas turbine will be used to drive generators that will provide electricity to propeller motors. The steam turbine will recover heat from the gas turbine exhaust for other uses. This combined gas turbine and steam turbine integrated electric drive system represents a departure from diesel engines in more than one respect.

scholarly journals Design and Operating Experiences With Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Units

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Jones ◽  
A. C. Shoults
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Chemical Company ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

This paper presents details of three large gas turbine installations in the Freeport, Texas, power plants of the Dow Chemical Company. The general plant layout, integration of useful outputs, economic factors leading to the selection of these units, and experiences during startup and operation will be reviewed. All three units operate with supercharging fan, evaporative cooler, and static excitation. Two of the installations are nearly identical 32,000-kw gas turbines operating in a combined cycle with a supplementary fired 1,500,000-lb/hr boiler and a 50,000-kw noncondensing steam turbine. The other installation is a 43,000-kw gas turbine and a 20,000-kw starter-helper steam turbine on the same shaft. The gas turbine exhaust is used to supply heated feedwater for four existing boilers.

scholarly journals Gas-Steam Power Generation

1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Martinuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

The combination of a gas turbine with a steam turbine driven by steam produced in a generator heated by the gas-turbine exhaust is studied. The field of application of such a gas-steam power plant is examined, as well as the best operational characteristics of the combination. The special features of closed-cycle gas turbines, particularly of the type used in conjunction with gas-cooled, high-temperature nuclear reactors, are shown to give considerable advantages when combined with a steam turbine.

scholarly journals A Different Approach to Gas Turbine Exhaust Silencing

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marv Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Acoustic Testing ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Attenuation Values ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

A unique method for silencing heavy-duty gas turbines is described. The Switchback exhaust silencer which utilizes no conventional parallel baffles has at operating conditions measured attenuation values from 20 dB at 63 Hz to 45 dB at higher frequencies. Acoustic testing and analyses at both ambient and operating conditions are discussed.

Gas Turbine Exhaust Expansion Joints, Diverter and Damper Designs for the New Generation of Higher Temperature, High Efficiency Gas Turbines

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lothar Bachmann ◽  
W. Fred Koch
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

The purpose of this paper is to update the industry on the evolutionary steps that have been taken to address higher requirements imposed on the new generation combined cycle gas turbine exhaust ducting expansion joints, diverter and damper systems. Since the more challenging applications are in the larger systems, we shall concentrate on sizes from nine (9) square meters up to forty (40) square meters in ducting cross sections. (Reference: General Electric Frame 5 through Frame 9 sizes.) Severe problems encountered in gas turbine applications for the subject equipment are mostly traceable to stress buckling caused by differential expansion of components, improper insulation, unsuitable or incompatible mechanical design of features, components or materials, or poor workmanship. Conventional power plant expansion joints or dampers are designed for entirely different operating conditions and should not be applied in gas turbine applications. The sharp transients during gas turbine start-up as well as the very high temperature and high mass-flow operation conditions require specific designs for gas turbine application.

Flow Guiding and Distributing Devices on the Exhaust Side of Stationary Gas Turbines

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
F. Fleischer ◽  
C. Koerner ◽  
J. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
First Time ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

Following repeated cases of damage caused to exhaust silencers located directly beyond gas turbine diffusers, this paper reports on investigations carried out to determine possible remedies. In all instances, an uneven exhaust gas flow distribution was found. The company’s innovative approach to the problem involved constructing a scale model of a complete gas turbine exhaust system and using it for flow simulation purposes. It was established for the first time that, subject to certain conditions, the results of tests conducted on a model can be applied to the actual turbine exhaust system. It is shown that when an unfavorable duct arrangement might produce an uneven exhaust flow, scale models are useful in the development of suitable flow-distributing devices.

Using Fresh Air in Windbox Repowering of Existing Steam Power Plants

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nayyeri ◽  
P. Asna Ashary
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Steam Power Plants ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

Repowering is increasing efficiency and output power of an existing steam power plants by integration them with gas turbine. Several approaches are proposed for repowering regards to condition of existing power plants. One of those approaches which provides opportunity for existing boiler reusing is windbox repowering. In this method, one or several gas turbines are installed near the existing steam unit and the exhaust of gas turbines is used as preheated combustion air for boiler. The main difficulty in integration of gas turbine and boiler is decreasing flame temperature in supplementary combustion of boiler due to low oxygen content of gas turbine exhaust compared with fresh air and its effect on heat transfer process especially in radiative sections. When advanced gas turbines are used in windbox repowering, the fresh air should be used for increasing oxygen due to low oxygen percent. In this study, the effect of using fresh air in wind box repowering will be investigated and two main arrangements, preheating and not preheating of fresh air will be compared. This study shows the advantages of using preheated air for mixing with gas turbine exhaust when advanced gas turbines are used for windbox repowering.

Formation of SO3 in Gas Turbines

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Primary Zone ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

Sulfur trioxide in gas turbine exhaust contributes to particulate emissions; reduction of this compound is a means for control of particulate emissions. The chemical kinetics of SO3 formation were analyzed for a large stationary gas turbine. The source of SO3 is the reaction of SO2 with oxygen atoms in the downstream end of the combustor primary zone. The primary zone produces SO3 levels of 1 to 2 percent of total SOx. SO3 increases above 1 to 2 percent during air dilution from an equivalence ratio of about 0.5 to 0.35; formation times are on the order of 1 to 10 ms. Reduction of primary zone air flow and more rapid dilution air mixing were identified as means for SO3 reduction. Dilution air mixing in 1 ms was identified as an objective; but would be a difficult task with current combustor designs.

Aerodynamic Design and Experimental Study of Marine Gas Turbine Exhaust Volutes

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Xingsu ◽  
Pan Kunyuan ◽  
Wu Zuomin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
Aerodynamic Design ◽  
Engine Room ◽  
Annular Diffuser ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

The aerodynamic characteristics of the exhaust system have an important bearing on the economic aspects of the marine gas turbine. The exhaust volute is an important component of the exhaust system. The design of turbine exhaust volutes must take into account the structural demands of the gas turbine, the layout of the exhaust system as a whole in the engine room and the hull as well as its overall dimension requirements. This paper discusses the design principles of exhaust volutes. Given the hub-tip ratio dl/D1 of turbine exit (volute entry), a method is developed to rationally select the axial length L and radial width B. The selection of an annular diffuser and the relevant parameters along with the coordination of diffuser and collector are analyzed. On the basis of an analysis of experimental data the basic design criteria of exhaust volutes are proposed.

scholarly journals A Gas Turbine “CO” Boiler Installation; Economic and Thermodynamic Analysis

1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Bultzo
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Turbine Installation ◽  
Turbine Drive ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

The paper presents a detailed thermodynamic analysis of a combined gas-turbine “CO” boiler installation. Regenerator flue gas with 9 per cent CO is burned to CO2 using gas-turbine exhaust which contains 17 per cent O2. In addition, the first costs of a steam-turbine drive is compared to that of the gas-turbine installation. The summary is a comparison of the anticipated efficiency with those being experienced.

scholarly journals Cogeneration: Gas Turbine Multitasking

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (08) ◽  
pp. 50-50
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
Pressure Steam ◽  
The University ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

This article describes the functioning of the gas turbine cogeneration power plant at the University of Connecticut (UConn) in Storrs. This 25-MW power plant serves the 18,000 students’ campus. It has been in operation since 2006 and is expected to save the University $180M in energy costs over its 40-year design life. The heart of the UConn cogeneration plant consists of three 7-MW Solar Taurus gas turbines burning natural gas, with fuel oil as a backup. These drive water-cooled generators to produce up to 20–24 MW of electrical power distributed throughout the campus. Gas turbine exhaust heat is used to generate up to 200,000 pounds per hour of steam in heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs). The HRSGs provide high-pressure steam to power a 4.6-MW steam turbine generator set for more electrical power and low-pressure steam for campus heating. The waste heat from the steam turbine contained in low-pressure turbine exhaust steam is combined with the HRSG low-pressure steam output for campus heating.

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