Simulation of Cooling Systems in Gas Turbines

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ebenhoch ◽  
T. M. Speer
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Path Following ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Rotating Systems ◽  
Entire Flow ◽  
Flow Pressure ◽  
The One ◽  
Single Flow ◽  
Flow Element

The design of cooling systems for gas turbine engine blades and vanes calls for efficient simulation programs. The main purpose of the described program is to determine the complete boundary condition at the coolant side to support a temperature calculation for the solid. For the simulation of convection and heat pick up of the coolant flow, pressure loss, and further effects to be found in a rotating frame, the cooling systems are represented by networks of nodes and flow elements. Within each flow element the fluid flow is modeled by a system of ordinary differential equations based on the one-dimensional conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. In this respect, the computer program differs from many other network computation programs. Concerning cooling configurations in rotating systems, the solution for a single flow element or the entire flow system is not guaranteed to be unique. This is due to rotational forces in combination with heat transfer and causes considerable computational difficulties, which can be overcome by a special path following method in which the angular velocity is selected as the parameter of homotopy. Results of the program are compared with measurements for three applications.

scholarly journals Simulation of Cooling Systems in Gas Turbines

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ebenhoch ◽  
T. M. Speer
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Path Following ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Rotating Systems ◽  
Entire Flow ◽  
Flow Pressure ◽  
The One ◽  
Single Flow ◽  
Flow Element

The design of cooling systems for gas turbine engine blades and vanes calls for efficient simulation programs. The main purpose of the described program is to determine the complete boundary condition at the coolant side to support a temperature calculation for the solid. For the simulation of convection and heat pick up of the coolant flow, pressure loss, and further effects to be found in a rotating frame, the cooling systems are represented by networks of nodes and flow elements. Within each flow element the fluid flow is modelled by a system of ordinary differential equations based on the one-dimensional conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. In this respect, the computer program differs from many other network computation programs. Concerning cooling configurations in rotating systems, the solution for a single flow element or the entire flow system is not guaranteed to be unique. This is due to rotational forces In combination with heat transfer and causes considerable computational difficulties which can be overcome by a special path following method in which the angular velocity is selected as the parameter of homotopy. Results of the program are compared with measurements for three applications.

Design, Development and Application of Vehicle Gas Turbine Engines

1966 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-172
Author(s):  
P. A. Phillips ◽  
Peter Spear
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cycle Temperature

After briefly summarizing worldwide automotive gas turbine activity, the paper analyses the power plant requirements of a wide range of vehicle applications in order to formulate the design criteria for acceptable vehicle gas turbines. Ample data are available on the thermodynamic merits of various gas turbine cycles; however, the low cost of its piston engine competitor tends to eliminate all but the simplest cycles from vehicle gas turbine considerations. In order to improve the part load fuel economy, some complexity is inevitable, but this is limited to the addition of a glass ceramic regenerator in the 150 b.h.p. engine which is described in some detail. The alternative further complications necessary to achieve satisfactory vehicle response at various power/weight ratios are examined. Further improvement in engine performance will come by increasing the maximum cycle temperature. This can be achieved at lower cost by the extension of the use of ceramics. The paper is intended to stimulate the design application of the gas turbine engine.

Future Vehicular Recuperator Technology Projections

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Wilson ◽  
Daniel B. Kupratis ◽  
Satyanarayana Kodali
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Technology Roadmap ◽  
Vehicle Propulsion

The Department of Defense and NASA have funded a major gas turbine development program, Integrated High Performance Turbine Engine Technology (IHPTET), to double the power density and fuel economy of gas turbines by the turn of the century. Seven major US gas turbine developers participated in this program. While the focus of IHPTET activity has been aircraft propulsion, the same underlying technology can be applied to water craft and terrestrial vehicle propulsion applications, such as the future main battle tank. For these applications, the gas turbines must be equipped with recuperators. Currently, there is no technology roadmap or set of goals to guide industry and government in the development of a next generation recuperator for such applications.

scholarly journals Clear Skies Ahead

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (06) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Boom And Bust

This article discusses various fields where gas turbines can play a vital role. Building engines for commercial jetliners is the largest market segment for the gas turbine industry; however, it is far from being the only one. One 2015 military gas turbine program of note was the announcement of an U.S. Air Force competition for an innovative design of a small turbine engine, suitable for a medium-size drone aircraft. The electrical power gas turbine market experienced a sharp boom and bust from 2000 to 2002 because of the deregulation of many electric utilities. Since then, however, the electric power gas turbine market has shown a steady increase, right up to present times. Coal-fired plants now supply less than 5 percent of the electrical load, having been largely replaced by new natural gas-fired gas turbine power plants. Working in tandem with renewable energy power facilities, the new fleet of gas turbines is expected to provide reliable, on-demand electrical power at a reasonable cost.

An Introduction to the Ansaldo GT36 Constant Pressure Sequential Combustor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Pennell ◽  
Mirko R. Bothien ◽  
Andrea Ciani ◽  
Victor Granet ◽  
Ghislain Singla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
System Robustness

This paper introduces and presents validation of the Constant Pressure Sequential Combustion system (denoted CPSC), a second generation concept developed for and applied to the new Ansaldo GT36 H-class gas turbine combustors. It has evolved from the well-established sequential burner technology applied to all current GT26 and GT24 gas turbines, and contains all architectural improvements implemented since original inception of this engine frame in 1994, with beneficial effects on the operation turndown, fuel flexibility, on the overall system robustness, and featuring the required aspects to stay competitive in the present day energy market. The applied air and fuel management therefore facilitate emission and dynamics control at both the extremely high and low firing temperature ranges required for existing and future Ansaldo gas turbine engine classes.

Investigation of Failures in Gas Turbines: Part 1 — Techniques and Principles of Failure Investigation

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Dundas
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Logical Approach ◽  
Failure Investigation ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
The One ◽  
Aircraft Accident

This paper is Part 1 of a two-part paper on the principles and methods of failure investigation in gas turbines. The qualities of a successful failure investigator are presented, and the most efficacious approaches to an investigation are discussed. An example of an aircraft accident that might have been avoided is used to support the necessity for thorough and conclusive investigations into failures. Two case histories involving heavy-duty industrial gas turbines are described to demonstrate different aspects of the logical approach to construction of hypotheses and the determination of the essential cause of a failure — the one event without which the failure would not have occurred.

scholarly journals Comparison of Coriolis and Turbine Type Flow Meters for Fuel Measurement in Gas Turbine Testing

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. MacLeod ◽  
W. Grabe
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Turbine Flowmeter ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Coriolis Flowmeter ◽  
Project Objectives

The Machinery and Engine Technology (MET) Program of the National Research Council of Canada (NRCC) has established a program for the evaluation of sensors to measure gas turbine engine performance accurately. The precise measurement of fuel flow is an essential part of steady-state gas turbine performance assessment. Prompted by an international engine testing and information exchange program, and a mandate to improve all aspects of gas turbine performance evaluation, the MET Laboratory has critically examined two types of fuel flowmeters, Coriolis and turbine. The two flowmeter types are different in that the Coriolis flowmeter measures mass flow directly, while the turbine flowmeter measures volumetric flow, which must be converted to mass flow for conventional performance analysis. The direct measurement of mass flow, using a Coriolis flowmeter, has many advantages in field testing of gas turbines, because it reduces the risk of errors resulting from the conversion process. Turbine flowmeters, on the other hand, have been regarded as an industry standard because they are compact, rugged, reliable, and relatively inexpensive. This paper describes the project objectives, the experimental installation, and the results of the comparison of the Coriolis and turbine type flowmeters in steady-state performance testing. Discussed are variations between the two types of flowmeters due to fuel characteristics, fuel handling equipment, acoustic and vibration interference and installation effects. Also included in this paper are estimations of measurement uncertainties for both types of flowmeters. Results indicate that the agreement between Coriolis and turbine type flowmeters is good over the entire steady-state operating range of a typical gas turbine engine. In some cases the repeatability of the Coriolis flowmeter is better than the manufacturers specification. Even a significant variation in fuel density (10%), and viscosity (300%), did not appear to compromise the ability of the Coriolis flowmeter to match the performance of the turbine flowmeter.

Gas Turbine Power Systems for Military Tracked Vehicles

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey D. Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Tracked Vehicles ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Air Inlet

The gas turbine engine has been examined as a power plant for military tracked vehicles for over 30 years. Advocates have stressed the potentially high power density and high reliability as factors in favor of the turbine. Several turbine engines have been evaluated experimentally in military tracked vehicles resulting in a better understanding of such aspects as response characteristics and air inlet filtration requirements. Moreover, although the small volume and light weight of aircraft derivative gas turbines have certain virtues, it generally has been concluded that some form of waste heat recuperation is essential to achieve an acceptable level of fuel consumption, despite the increased weight and volume incurred. The selection of the AVCO Lycoming AGT1500 recuperated gas turbine as the power unit for the U.S. Army new M1 “Abrams” main battle tank was a major milestone in the evolution of gas turbine engines for tank propulsion.

A Single Valve Gas Fuel Flow Control for Gas Turbines

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
William O. Statler
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Control Loop ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gas Fuel ◽  
Flow Element

A method of mass flow control of fuel gas to a gas turbine has been developed and applied in control retrofits to existing gas turbines. Unlike other gas flow control systems in use on gas turbines this system actually measures the mass flow going into the turbine combustion system and uses this value as the feedback in a control loop to modulate a single throttling control valve. The system utilizes a common venturi flow element to develop a differential pressure which, along with inlet pressure and temperature, is used to compute the mass flow. Locating this flow element downstream of the control valve where the pressure is low at low flows reduces the usual problem of the wide range of delta-pressure (proportional to the square of the mass flow) to a workable level. This extends the range of this common type of flow measurement system enough that it becomes practical to apply it to the gas fuel flow control loop of a gas turbine.

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