Analysis of a Basic Chemically Recuperated Gas Turbine Power Plant

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Kesser ◽  
M. A. Hoffman ◽  
J. W. Baughn
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Turbine Cooling ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Methane Steam ◽  
Cooling Air

This paper investigates a “basic” Chemically Recuperated Gas Turbine (a “basic” CRGT is defined here to be one without intercooling or reheat). The CRGT is of interest due to its potential for ultralow NOx emissions. A computer code has been developed to evaluate the performance characteristics (thermal efficiency and specific work) of the Basic CRGT, and to compare it to the steam-injected gas turbine (STIG), the combined cycle (CC) and the simple cycle gas turbine (SC) using consistent assumptions. The CRGT model includes a methane-steam reformer (MSR), which converts a methane-steam mixture into a hydrogen-rich fuel using the “waste” heat in the turbine exhaust. Models for the effects of turbine cooling air, variable specific heats, and the real gas effects of steam are included. The calculated results show that the Basic CRGT has a thermal efficiency higher than the STIG and simple cycles but not quite as high as the combined cycle.

Pulsed Impingement Turbine Cooling and its Effect on the Efficiency of Gas Turbines With Pressure Gain Combustion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolai Neumann ◽  
Dieter Peitsch ◽  
Arne Berthold ◽  
Frank Haucke ◽  
Panagiotis Stathopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Impingement Cooling ◽  
Turbine Cooling ◽  
Pressure Gain Combustion ◽  
Cooling Air ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

Abstract Performance improvements of conventional gas turbines are becoming increasingly difficult and costly to achieve. Pressure Gain Combustion (PGC) has emerged as a promising technology in this respect, due to the higher thermal efficiency of the respective ideal gas turbine cycle. Previous cycle analyses considering turbine cooling methods have shown that the application of pressure gain combustion may require more turbine cooling air. This has a direct impact on the cycle efficiency and reduces the possible efficiency gain that can potentially be harvested from the new combustion technology. Novel cooling techniques could unlock an existing potential for a further increase in efficiency. Such a novel turbine cooling approach is the application of pulsed impingement jets inside the turbine blades. In the first part of this paper, results of pulsed impingement cooling experiments on a curved plate are presented. The potential of this novel cooling approach to increase the convective heat transfer in the inner side of turbine blades is quantified. The second part of this paper presents a gas turbine cycle analysis where the improved cooling approach is incorporated in the cooling air calculation. The effect of pulsed impingement cooling on the overall cycle efficiency is shown for both Joule and PGC cycles. In contrast to the authors’ anticipation, the results suggest that for relevant thermodynamic cycles pulsed impingement cooling increases the thermal efficiency of Joule cycles more significantly than it does in the case of PGC cycles. Thermal efficiency improvements of 1.0 p.p. for pure convective cooling and 0.5 p.p. for combined convective and film with TBC are observed for Joule cycles. But just up to 0.5 p.p. for pure convective cooling and 0.3 p.p. for combined convective and film cooling with TBC are recorded for PGC cycles.

Advanced Gas Turbine and High Performance Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Plant With Blade Cooling Air Controlling

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Blade Cooling ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Cooling Air

Air cooling blades are usually applied to gas turbines as a basic specification. This blade cooling air is almost 20% of compressor suction air and it means that a great deal of compression load is not converted effectively to turbine power generation. This paper proposes the CCM (Cascade Cooling Module) system of turbine blade air line and the consequent improvement of power generation, which is achieved by the reduction of cooling air consumption with effective use of recovered heat. With this technology, current gas turbines (TIT: turbine inlet temperature: 1350°C) can be up-rated to have a relative high efficiency increase. The increase ratio has a potential to be equivalent to that of 1500°C Class GT/CC against 1350°C Class. The CCM system is designed to enable the reduction of blade cooling air consumption by the low air temperature of 15°C instead of the usual 200–400°C. It causes the turbine operating air to increase at the constant suction air condition, which results in the enhancement of power and thermal efficiency. The CCM is installed in the cooling air line and is composed of three stage coolers: steam generator/fuel preheater stage, heat exchanger stage for hot water supplying and cooler stage with chilled water. The coolant (chilled water) for downstream cooler is produced by an absorption refrigerator operated by the hot water of the upstream heat exchanger. The proposed CCM system requires the modification of cooling air flow network in the gas turbine but produces the direct effect on performance enhancement. When the CCM system is applied to a 700MW Class CC (Combined Cycle) plant (GT TIT: 135°C Class), it is expected that there will be a 40–80MW increase in power and +2–5% relative increase in thermal efficiency.

Development of an 8MW-Class High-Efficiency Gas Turbine, M7A-03

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Tanimura ◽  
Naoki Murakami ◽  
Akinori Matsuoka ◽  
Katsuhiko Ishida ◽  
Hiroshi Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Turbine Cooling ◽  
Distributed Power Generation

The M7A-03 gas turbine, an 8 MW class, single shaft gas turbine, is the latest model of the Kawasaki M7A series. Because of the high thermal efficiency and the high exhaust gas temperature, it is particularly suitable for distributed power generation, cogeneration and combined-cycle applications. About the development of M7A-03 gas turbine, Kawasaki has taken the experience of the existing M7A-01 and M7A-02 series into consideration, as a baseline. Furthermore, the latest technology of aerodynamics and cooling design, already applied to the 18 MW class Kawasaki L20A, released in 2000, has been applied to the M7A-03. Kawasaki has adopted the design concept for achieving reliability within the shortest possible development period by selecting the same fundamental engine specifications of the existing M7A-02 – mass air flow rate, pressure ratio, TIT, etc. However, the M7A-03 has been attaining a thermal efficiency of greater than 2.5 points higher and an output increment of over 660 kW than the M7A-02, by the improvement in aerodynamic performance of the compressor, turbine and exhaust diffuser, improved turbine cooling, and newer seal technology. In addition, the NOx emission of the combustor is low and the M7A-03 has a long service life. These functions make long-term continuous operation possible under various environmental restraints. Lower life cycle costs are achieved by the engine high performance, and the high-reliability resulting from simple structure. The prototype M7A-03 gas-turbine development test started in the spring of 2006 and it has been confirmed that performance, mechanical characteristics, and emissions have achieved the initial design goals.

Thermodynamic Optimization of Reheat Gas Turbine Cycles Combined With Bottoming Cycles

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Shnaid
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Arbitrary Number ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Thermodynamic Optimization ◽  
Thermodynamic Conditions ◽  
Parametric Analyses

In this work, thermodynamic optimization of reheat gas turbine cycles (without intercooling and recuperative heat exchange) combined with bottoming cycles, is done. Thermodynamic conditions ensuring the combined cycle engine maximal specific work and thermal efficiency are formulated for a general case of arbitrary number of reheat stages with different inlet gas temperatures and isentropic efficiencies. Parametric analyses show that application of reheat cycles brings significant improvement of gas turbine and combined cycle specific work and efficiency in comparison with a case of a simple cycle gas turbine.

Methane Steam Reforming and Steam Injection for Repowering Combined Cycle Power Plants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Carapellucci ◽  
Lorena Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Methane Steam Reforming ◽  
Steam Power Plants ◽  
Methane Steam ◽  
Exhaust Waste Heat

Repowering existing power plants represents a potential route to meet the increasing energy demand, in a context of more and more stringent environmental regulations, hindering the construction of new facilities. Conventionally, repowering is operated into existing steam power plants, thus allowing to increase the design capacity to such an extent that depends on the type of strategy to exploit the waste heat from the additional gas turbine. In this study a new repowering concept is proposed. It involves the integration of an additional unit based on a gas turbine into an existing combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT). Based on this concept, two repowering options are examined. In the first one (Option A), the waste heat from gas turbine flue gases is used to produce steam in a one pressure level steam generator. In the second option (Option B), the exhaust waste heat recovery promotes the generation of a synthesis gas in a methane steam reformer. The integration of the additional unit is operated by the injection of superheated steam (Option A) and the reformed fuel (Option B) into the combustor of the main power plant, thus allowing for a further increase in power output of both topping and bottoming cycles. The simulation study allows to compare the repowering options with respect to the potential increase of power capacity, as well as in terms of energy marginal performance parameters.

scholarly journals Potentials for Pressure Gain Combustion in Advanced Gas Turbine Cycles

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 3211
Author(s):  
Nicolai Neumann ◽  
Dieter Peitsch
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Turbine Cooling ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Pressure Gain Combustion ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Secondary Air ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

Pressure gain combustion evokes great interest as it promises to increase significantly gas turbine efficiency and reduce emissions. This also applies to advanced thermodynamic cycles with heat exchangers for intercooling and recuperation. These cycles are superior to the classic Brayton cycle and deliver higher specific work and/or thermal efficiency. The combination of this revolutionary type of combustion in an intercooled or recuperated gas turbine cycle can, however, lead to even higher efficiency or specific work. The research of these potentials is the topic of the presented paper. For that purpose, different gas turbine setups for intercooling, recuperation, and combined intercooling and recuperation are modeled in a gas turbine performance code. A secondary air system for turbine cooling is incorporated, as well as a blade temperature evaluation. The pressure gain combustion is represented by analytical-algebraic and empirical models from the literature. Key gas turbine specifications are then subject to a comprehensive optimization study, in order to identify the design with the highest thermal efficiency. The results indicate that the combination of intercooling and pressure gain combustion creates synergies. The thermal efficiency is increased by 10 percentage points compared to a conventional gas turbine with isobaric combustion.

Advanced Combined Cycle Alternatives With the Latest Gas Turbines

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Dechamps
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Turbine Cooling ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

The last decade has seen remarkable improvements in industrial gas turbine size and performances. There is no doubt that the coming years are holding the promises of even more progress in these fields. As a consequence, the fuel utilization achieved by combined cycle power plants has been steadily increased. This is however also because of the developments in the heat recovery technology. Advances on the gas turbine side justify the development of new combined cycle schemes, with more advanced heat recovery capabilities. Hence, the system performance is spiralling upwards. In this paper, we look at some of the heat recovery possibilities with the newly available gas turbine engines, characterized by a high exhaust temperature, a high specific work, and the integration of some gas turbine cooling with the boiler. The schemes range from classical dual pressure systems, to triple pressure systems with reheat in supercritical steam conditions. For each system, an optimum set of variables (steam pressures, etc) is proposed. The effect of some changes on the steam cycle parameters, like increasing the steam temperatures above 570°C are also considered. Emphasis is also put on the influence of some special features or arrangements of the heat recovery steam generators, not only from a thermodynamic point of view.

Pulsed Impingement Turbine Cooling and Its Effect on the Efficiency of Gas Turbines With Pressure Gain Combustion

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolai Neumann ◽  
Arne Berthold ◽  
Frank Haucke ◽  
Dieter Peitsch ◽  
Panagiotis Stathopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Impingement Cooling ◽  
Turbine Cooling ◽  
Pressure Gain Combustion ◽  
Cooling Air ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

Abstract Performance improvements of conventional gas turbines are becoming increasingly difficult and costly to achieve. Pressure gain combustion (PGC) has emerged as a promising technology in this respect, due to the higher thermal efficiency of the respective ideal gas turbine cycle. Previous cycle analyses considering turbine cooling methods have shown that the application of pressure gain combustion may require more turbine cooling air. This has a direct impact on the cycle efficiency and reduces the possible efficiency gain that can potentially be harvested from the new combustion technology. Novel cooling techniques could unlock an existing potential for a further increase in efficiency. Such a novel turbine cooling approach is the application of pulsed impingement jets inside the turbine blades. In the first part of this paper, results of pulsed impingement cooling experiments on a curved plate are presented. The potential of this novel cooling approach to increase the convective heat transfer in the inner side of turbine blades is quantified. The second part of this paper presents a gas turbine cycle analysis where the improved cooling approach is incorporated in the cooling air calculation. The effect of pulsed impingement cooling on the overall cycle efficiency is shown for both Joule and PGC cycles. In contrast to the authors’ anticipation, the results suggest that for relevant thermodynamic cycles pulsed impingement cooling increases the thermal efficiency of Joule cycles more significantly than it does in the case of PGC cycles. Thermal efficiency improvements of 1.0 p.p. for pure convective cooling and 0.5 p.p. for combined convective and film with TBC are observed for Joule cycles. But just up to 0.5 p.p. for pure convective cooling and 0.3 p.p. for combined convective and film cooling with TBC are recorded for PGC cycles.

Spa “Mashproekt” Combined Cycle Plants

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Kovalenko ◽  
F. F. Belyayev ◽  
V. V. Lazarev ◽  
V. V. Lupandin
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Waste Heat Boiler ◽  
Special Mode ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
History Of

The paper describes the history of design, development and 15 years’ sea-going experience of the MASHPROEKT combined cycle plants. Four R060 type ships powered by eight combined cycle plants each rated at. 25.000 h.p. and three naval ships with six cruise combined cycle plants each rated at. 10, 000 h.p. are in service now. Using of combined cycle permitted to increase their thermal efficiency by 20–30 per cent. To increase efficiency at a speed of 15…18 knots, a special mode of operation is used: the gas turbine and waste heat boiler operate at one board and steam generated by this waste heat boiler is used for a steam turbine of other board. Total operation life of all marine gas turbine units exceeds 330,000 hours.

scholarly journals Thermal Efficiency Projections of a Simple-Cycle Gas Turbine in Biogas Power Generation

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Yomogida ◽  
Ngo D. Thinh ◽  
Valentino M. Tiangco ◽  
Ying Lee
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Design Parameter ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Expected Values

The thermal efficiency of a 125 kW simple-cycle gas turbine for biogas power generation was estimated, using a computer code developed for simple-cycle gas turbines. The computer code can predict expected values for the thermal efficiency and specific work along with the expected temperatures and pressures at various stages in the gas turbine. For the 125 kW Solar Gas Turbine (Titan series), the projected thermal efficiency is about 14%. This paper additionally presents a sensitivity analysis oo the operating condition and design parameter which had the greatest impacts on the thermal efficiency. These results will assist the California Energy Commission in determining the type of combustion device most suitable for biogas power generation.

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