Maternal transmission as a symbiont sieve, and the absence of lactation in male mammals

Gut microbiomes of humans carry a complex symbiotic assemblage of microorganisms. As in all mammals, the special mode of feeding newborn infants through milk from the mammary gland enhances the opportunity for vertical transmission of elements of this microbiome. This has potential benefits, but it also brings with it some hazards for the host. We point out here that vertical transmission from both parents would allow host populations to be invaded by elements that are deleterious. In contrast, vertical transmission, when restricted to one parent, acts as a sieve preventing the spread of such elements. Because some transmission from mother to infant is unavoidable in placental mammals, uniparental transmission of symbionts, if it were to be selected, would require some separation of the father from the newborn infant. This paper therefore puts forward the hypothesis that the asymmetry in roles of mother and father, together with the hazards that come with biparental transmission, generate a selection pressure against male lactation in humans, and in mammals in general.

Analysis and Visualization of Covid-19 Related Notifications Received at 112

The coronavirus pandemic has significantly changed a person's life and almost all areas of his activity. One of the organizations whose activities are directly related to the management of the pandemic is the Emergency Management Center 112. It is actively involved in the process of managing the coronavirus and has been working in a special mode for more than a year to provide timely and highly qualified services to every citizen. Сovid-19 monitoring system developed at the 112 Emergency Management Center is described, whose real-time stability has been compromised by the increasing number of incoming calls during the pandemic. Consequently, a new functionality has been created, the purpose of which is the optimal geographical distribution of ambulance crews. The article discusses the front-end part of this functionality. It also describes the process of integrating maps into the application, which results in the transformation of the desired data into map layers and visual representation. The application shows the number of Covid-19 cases along with an additional text. An example of Covid-19 cases map is shown. The illustrations are provided showing the statistical data of both current days and past period.

PERCEPTION OF SPEECH USING AUDIO VISUAL AND REPLICA FOR STUDENTS OF SULTAN AGENG TIRTAYASA UNIVERSITY

This paper exmined the perception of speech using audio visual and replica for students of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa Univesity. This research was aimed at discussing face-to-face conversation or speech felt by the ears and eyes. The prerequisites for audio-visual perception of speech by using ambiguous perceptual sine wave replicas of natural speech as auditory stimuli are studied in details. When the subjects were unaware that auditory stimuli were speech, they only showed a negligible integration of auditory and visual stimuli. The same subjects learn to feel the same auditory stimuli as speech; they integrate auditory and visual stimuli in the same way as natural speech. These research result suggests a special mode of perception of multisensory speech.

Management of psoriasis with Ayurveda Panchakarma and Manibhadragula as Shodhana Rasayana – a case report

Background Plaque Psoriasis is very embarrassing condition of skin as it produces itchy rashes and scaly lesions which may not respond well to the treatment. It can be correlated with Kitibhakushta which is one among the 18 types of Kushta (skin diseases). Several corticosteroids for skin applications are used now a day’s which gives only temporary relief. Case presentation A 36 years old moderate built male patient complains of blackish skin rashes with itching, pain and scaling all over the body for three months. Based on the symptoms, Dosha (Biological humors) involved were assessed as Kapha (binding factors) and Vata (vital force of life) and suggestive of Kitibhakushta. Diagnosis of the Plaque psoriasis was further confirmed by biopsy. Classical Kushta treatment was adopted here. As Poorvakarma (pre-operative procedures), Rukshana (Dehydrating therapy) was done and then Snehapana (intake of medicated ghee) was administered. Then classical Vamana (emetic therapy) and Virechana (purgative therapy) were performed. This took almost one month. After Samsarjana (special diet) patient was administered Manibhadragula as Shodhana Rasayana for a period of one month. Results At the end of Manibhadragula intake, remarkable changes were observed in all the symptoms. There were significant changes seen in PASI, DLQI and photographs taken before and after treatment. Conclusions Here the special mode of administration of Manibhadragula as mentioned in Ashtanga Hridaya helps for Shodhana and the Shodhana itself has Rasayana action. Drugs also have Rasayana property. This made the authors to propose a new concept called Shodhana Rasayana. Classical treatment by considering the condition of Roga (disease) and Rogi (patient) helps for management of Kushta.

SPECIAL ASPECTS OF ACCEPTANCE, BOOKING AND CONTROLING OF CRIME REPORTS AND INCIDENTS WITHIN THE PENAL INSTITUTIONS

Актуальность изучения стадии возбуждения уголовного дела в общем и проверки сообщений о преступлениях и происшествиях в частности не вызывает сомнений, поскольку именно на этом этапе закладываются основы принятия процессуального решения о возбуждении уголовного дела или об отказе в его возбуждении, что соответствует принципу законности. В учреждениях уголовно-исполнительной системы процессуальная деятельность является специфичной, поскольку связана с особым режимом функционирования учреждений и социальной средой, детерминированной криминальной субкультурой. Статья посвящена исследованию понятия, сущности и значения проверки сообщений о преступлениях и происшествиях в учреждениях уголовно-исполнительной системы. Рассмотрены наиболее распространенные способы проверки сообщений о преступлениях: получение объяснений, производство осмотра места происшествия. Рассматриваемая деятельность не лишена проблем. Проанализированы отдельные из них, касающиеся полноты изложения информации в рапорте об обнаружении признаков преступления и получения объяснений от осужденных, и пути их решения. Для соблюдения законности процессуальной деятельности в учреждениях и органах уголовно-исполнительной системы при рассмотрении сообщений о преступлениях и происшествиях предлагается разработать методические рекомендации, содержащие уголовно-процессуальные и криминалистические аспекты рассматриваемой деятельности, которыми обеспечить все подведомственные органы и учреждения. The relevance of studying the stage of initiating a criminal case, in general, and checking reports of crimes and incidents, in particular, is not in doubt, since it is at this stage that the foundations are laid for making a procedural decision to initiate a criminal case or to refuse to initiate it, which meets the principle of legality. In the institutions of the penitentiary system, procedural activity is specific, since it is associated with a special mode of functioning of institutions and the social environment, determined by the criminal subculture. The article is devoted to the study of the concept, essence and meaning of checking reports on crimes and incidents in the institutions of the penitentiary system. The most common methods of checking reports of crimes such as obtaining explanations, conducting an inspection of the scene of the incident are considered. The activity under consideration is not without problems. Some of them are analyzed, concerning the completeness of the information in the report on the detection of signs of a crime and obtaining explanations from convicted persons and the way to solve them. In order to comply with the legality of procedural activities in institutions and bodies of the penitentiary system when considering reports of crimes and incidents, it is proposed to develop methodological recommendations containing criminal procedural and criminalistic aspects of the activity under consideration which should be provided to all subordinate bodies and institutions.

Low Intensity Beam Extraction Mode on the Protom Synchrotron for Proton Radiography Implementation

Proton radiography is one of the most important and actual areas of research that can significantly improve the quality and accuracy of proton therapy. Currently, the calculation of the proton range in patients receiving proton therapy is based on the conversion of Hounsfield CT units of the patient's tissues into the relative stopping power of protons. Proton radiography is able to reduce these uncertainties by directly measuring proton stopping power. The study demonstrates the possibility of Protom synchrotron-based proton therapy facilities to operate in a special mode which makes it possible to implement proton radiography. This work presents the status of the new low beam intensity extraction mode. The paper describes algorithms of low flux beam control, calibration procedures and experimental measurements. Measurements and calibration procedures were performed with certified Protom Faraday Cup, PTW Bragg Peak Chamber and specially designed experimental external.

The 2019/2020 QBO Disruption in ADM-Aeolus Wind Lidar Observations

<p><span>The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is a regular cycle of alternating winds which dominates the behaviour of the tropical stratosphere. It is extremely technically challenging to model, and for this reason wind observations are vital to understand it fully. Characterised by downward propagating easterly and westerly regimes, the QBO progressed uninterrupted for more than 60 years until a highly anomalous deviation from its normal pattern in 2016. During 2019/2020, the start of a second disruption was seen in atmospheric analyses and radiosonde observations. Here, we exploit novel data from ESA's ADM-Aeolus satellite to demonstrate its ability to measure the QBO in unprecedented detail. A special adjustment of Aeolus' onboard range bin settings was implemented to observe this new disruption as it happened, providing a unique platform for studying the evolution of the event and the broader atmospheric effects triggered by it. In this presentation, we will show results from this special mode, highlighting how it has helped study the disruption, and how Aeolus and similar satellites can deepen our understanding of the QBO more generally.</span></p>

Symbolism of the Double as the Source F.M. Dostoevsky Dostoevsky's Artistic Anthropology

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Double symbolism as the source of personality metaphysics in the works of F.M. Dostoevsky. “The Double” novel is considered by the author as the paradigmatic text in which the principles of key images construction in the late novels of F.M. Dostoevsky were formed. The paper uses the ideas of A.A. Ukhtomsky and E.Ya. Golosovker, who proposed philosophical interpretation of the phenomenon of “duality”. “The Double” is viewed as the source of theology of personality in F.M. Dostoevsky’s works, since it was the first time that the figurative model of the struggle of personality and personality in a man, which most directly revealed the duality of his nature as the created image of God, was developed. The hero’s search for his inner “place” (topos of authenticity) and inner support in the confrontation between the “mask” and then the Double as its ultimate expression, is the main theme of the story. The duality of the “nature” of man, who is both the image and likeness of God, and carries the Original sin, is the traditional theological theme and the theme of Christian anthropology. However, no one developed this theme in fiction with such depth and completeness before F.M. Dostoevsky. “Duality” acts as a special mode of negative self-disclosure of personality by means of elimination of his external false identities. The struggle against the Double is the struggle of the true human nature against its damages by the Original sin. The corrupted nature stands out in the form of the masks of the Doubles, and the genuine nature is fighting them, searching in the soul the highest prototype. The masks are defeated only by positively overcoming them in the inner experience of man. The text of “The Double” is for the first time interpreted as “genre of dreams” and as special “initiation” text aimed at the internal transformation of the reader’s personality.

The Functionalization of Essential (A Priori) Knowledge

The article explores a special mode of the human mind outlined in the writings of Max Scheler under the notion of the functionalization of essential (a priori) knowledge. While the concept of a priori was given its profound elaboration in the writings of Immanuel Kant, Scheler applies it with a number of significant modifications. Along with the a priori of objective reality, which is the mind’s first step in grasping the autonomous world, Scheler comes to posit a species of a priori that is subjective. A person’s exposure to an objective essence exercises a special kind of influence on that person’s mind: what was once an objective a priori is appropriated as a subjective a priori, the thing thought becomes a “form” or pattern of thinking, the thing liked becomes a “form” or manner of liking. “Functionalization” characterizes precisely the mind’s ability to transmute the essential knowledge of autonomous reality into subjective a priori forms of knowing and anticipating that reality. This transmutation unfolds on three intuitive planes: that of meaning which is known, that of value which is perceived or apprehended, and that of existence which is encountered in the resistance of objects to the will of the percipient.