Modeling of Flexible Bodies for Multibody Dynamic Systems Using Ritz Vectors

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Wu ◽  
N. K. Mani
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Normal Modes ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Constraint Forces ◽  
Flexible Bodies ◽  
Static Correction ◽  
Ritz Vectors ◽  
Regeneration Procedure ◽  
Special Distribution

Vibration normal modes and static correction modes have been previously used to model flexible bodies for dynamic analysis of mechanical systems. The efficiency and accuracy of using these modes to model a system depends on both the flexibility of each body and the applied loads. This paper develops a generalized method for the generation of a set of Ritz vectors to be used in addition to vibration normal modes to form the modal basis to model flexible bodies for dynamic analysis of multibody mechanical systems. The Ritz vectors are generated using special distribution of the D’Alembert force and the kinematic constraint forces due to gross-body motion of a flexible body. Combined with vibration normal modes, they form more efficient vector bases for the modeling of flexible bodies comparing to using vibration normal modes alone or using the combination of static correction modes and vibration normal modes. Ritz vectors can be regenerated when the system undergoes significant changes of its configuration and the regeneration procedure is inexpensive. The effectiveness of using the combination of vibration normal modes and the proposed Ritz vectors is demonstrated using a planar slider-crank mechanism.

Modeling of Flexible Bodies for Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Body Dynamic Systems Using Ritz Vectors

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry T. Wu ◽  
Neel K. Mani
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Normal Modes ◽  
Flexible Bodies ◽  
Static Correction ◽  
Ritz Vectors ◽  
Regeneration Procedure ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
Body Dynamic

Abstract Vibration normal modes and static correction modes have been previously used to model flexible bodies for dynamic analysis of mechanical systems. The efficiency and accuracy of using these modes to model a system depends on both the flexibility of each body and the applied loads. This paper develops a generalized method for the generation of a set of Ritz vectors to model flexible bodies for dynamic analysis of multi-body mechanical systems. The Ritz vectors are generated using the distribution of dynamic loading on a flexible body. Therefore they form the most efficient vector basis for the spatial distribution of the loadings. The Ritz vectors can be re-generated when the system undergoes significant changes of its configuration and the regeneration procedure is inexpensive. The combinations of vibration normal modes and the proposed Ritz vectors thus form more efficient and accurate vector bases for the modeling of flexible bodies for dynamic analysis.

Dynamics of Flexible Mechanical Systems Using Vibration and Static Correction Modes

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Yoo ◽  
E. J. Haug
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Elastic Deformation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Lumped Mass ◽  
Static Correction

A finite-element-based method is developed and applied for geometrically nonlinear dynamic analysis of spatial mechanical systems. Vibration and static correction modes are used to account for linear elastic deformation of components. Boundary conditions for vibration and static correction mode analysis are defined by kinematic constraints between components of a system. Constraint equations between flexible bodies are derived and a Lagrange multiplier formulation is used to generate the coupled large displacement-small deformation equations of motion. A standard, lumped mass finite-element structural analysis code is used to generate deformation modes and deformable body mass and stiffness information. An intermediate-processor is used to calculate time-independent terms in the equations of motion and to generate input data for a large-scale dynamic analysis code that includes coupled effects of geometric nonlinearity and elastic deformation. Two examples are presented and the effects of deformation mode selection on dynamic prediction are analyzed.

The Formulation of Kinematic Constraints in Design-Oriented Machine Dynamics

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subir Kumar Saha ◽  
Jorge Angeles
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Modeling ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Orthogonal Complement ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Constraint Forces ◽  
Kinematic Constraints ◽  
Machine Dynamics

Abstract In the realm of the dynamic analysis of machinery for design purposes, the determination of non-working constraint forces, which do not appear in simulation studies, is of the utmost importance. The said forces can be readily computed if suitable kinematic constraints are available. In this paper, a formulation of kinematic constraints is adopted, that pertains to the natural orthogonal complement method, introduced elsewhere, for the dynamic modeling of mechanical systems. This formulation is illustrated with several examples.

Automated Analysis of Constrained Systems of Rigid and Flexible Bodies

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Shabana
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Body ◽  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Mass Matrix ◽  
Ritz Method ◽  
Rigid Body Motion ◽  
Constrained Systems ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Lumped Mass ◽  
Flexible Bodies ◽  
Inertia Properties

This paper is concerned with modeling inertia properties of flexible components that undergo large angular rotations. Consistent, lumped and hybrid mass techniques are presented in detail and used to model the inertia properties of flexible bodies. The consistent formulation allows using the finite-element method as well as Rayleigh-Ritz method to describe the deformation of elastic components. Lumped mass techniques allow using shape vectors or experimentally identified data. In the hybrid mass formulation, the flexibility mass matrix is evaluated using a consistent mass formulation, while the inertia coupling between gross rigid body motion and elastic deformation is formulated using a lumped mass technique. Different mass formulations require the evaluation of similar sets of time-invariant matrices that represent the inertia coupling. Consequently, these matrices have to be evaluated only once in advance for the dynamic analysis. A unified mathematical model, and accordingly a unified computer program (DAMS: Dynamic Analysis of Multibody Systems), that deal with different formulations are developed. A comparative study is presented in order to study the effect of the mass formulation on the dynamic response of elastodynamic constrained systems. The validity of the linear theory that neglects the effect of small oscillations on large rigid body motion is also discussed.

A Substructure Technique for Dynamics of Flexible Mechanical Systems With Contact-Impact

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-C. Wu ◽  
E. J. Haug
Keyword(s):  
Lagrange Multipliers ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Normal Modes ◽  
Local Deformation ◽  
Constraint Forces ◽  
Transverse Impact ◽  
Contact Impact ◽  
Fixed Interface ◽  
Deformation Modes

Abstract A substructure synthesis method is proposed to account for contact-impact effects in flexible components of mechanical systems. Components that may come into contact is divided into substructures, on each of which local deformation modes are defined to described deformation fields of components. Constraint modes and fixed interface normal modes are used to account for elastic deformation within each substructure. A constraint addition-deletion technique is used to account for contact between impacting bodies. Lagrange multipliers associated with the constraints, which represent constraint forces, are used to determine separation of contacting nodes. Use of the method is illustrated on problems of longitudinal and transverse impact of bodies.

scholarly journals Mobility Method Applied to Calculate the Lubrication Properties of Bearing under Dynamic Loads

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao He ◽  
Xiqun Lu ◽  
Jingzhi Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Journal Bearings ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
Computational Program ◽  
Dynamically Loaded ◽  
Mobility Method ◽  
Lubrication Properties

The analytical mobility method for dynamically loaded journal bearings was presented, with the intent to include it in a general computational program, such as the dynamic analysis program, that has been developed for the dynamic analysis of general mechanical systems. An illustrative example and numerical results were presented, with the efficiency of the method being discussed in the process of their presentation.

Contact Modeling Technique of a Flexible Piston and Cylinder Using Modal Synthesis Method

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Kim ◽  
S. H. Sohn ◽  
H. J. Cho ◽  
D. S. Bae ◽  
J. H. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Contact Force ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Normal Modes ◽  
Modeling Technique ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Dynamics Analysis ◽  
Contact Modeling ◽  
Static Correction ◽  
Modal Synthesis ◽  
Contact Surfaces

In this paper, contact modeling technique and dynamics analysis of piston and cylinder system are presented by using modal synthesis method. It is very important to select mode shapes representing a global or local behavior of a flexible body due to a specified loading condition. This paper proposes a technique to generate the static correction modes which are nicely representing a motion by a contact force between a piston and cylinder. First normal modes of piston and cylinder under a boundary condition are computed, and then static correction modes due to a contact force applied at contacted nodes are added to the normal modes. Also, this paper proposes an efficient dynamics analysis process while changing the shape of the piston and cylinder. In optimization process or design study, their geometric data can be changed a bit. The slight changes of their contact surfaces make a high variation of the magnitude of a contact force, and it can yield the different dynamic behavior of an engine system. But, since the variations of the normal and correction modes are very small, the re-computation of their normal and correction modes due to the change of contact surfaces can be useless. Until now, whenever their contact surfaces are changed at a design cycle, the modes have been recomputed. Thus, most engineers in industries have been spent many times in very tedious and inefficient design process. In this paper, the normal and correction modes from the basic geometry of the piston and cylinder are computed. If the geometry shape is changed, nodal positions of the original modal model are newly calculated from an interpolation method and changed geometry data. And then the updated nodes are used to compute a precise contact force. The proposed methods illustrated in this investigation have good agreement with results of a nodal synthesis technique and proved that it is very efficient design method.

Structural Analysis for Space-Swing Mechanism on Gyratory Compactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. 253-259
Author(s):  
Jing Qian ◽  
Ling Wei Meng
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Systems Software ◽  
Superpave Gyratory Compactor ◽  
Flexible Models

Based on the automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems software, both rigid and flexible models of the space-swing mechanism for the superpave gyratory compactor are developed. The structural analysis shows that the length and the initial phase of cranks, and the assembling accuracy (coordinates) of some points are very sensitive relative to the waving of compaction angle. Greater rigidity helps stabilize the change of the compaction angles.

Reduction of Hamiltonian Mechanical Systems With Affine Constraints: A Geometric Unification

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Chhabra ◽  
M. Reza Emami ◽  
Yael Karshon
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Group ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Hamiltonian Formalism ◽  
Geometrical Approach ◽  
Constraint Forces ◽  
Dynamical Equations ◽  
Relative Configuration ◽  
D’Alembert Equation ◽  
Dynamical Reduction ◽  
Configuration Manifold

This paper presents a geometrical approach to the dynamical reduction of a class of constrained mechanical systems. The mechanical systems considered are with affine nonholonomic constraints plus a symmetry group. The dynamical equations are formulated in a Hamiltonian formalism using the Hamilton–d'Alembert equation, and constraint forces determine an affine distribution on the configuration manifold. The proposed reduction approach consists of three main steps: (1) restricting to the constrained submanifold of the phase space, (2) quotienting the constrained submanifold, and (3) identifying the quotient manifold with a cotangent bundle. Finally, as a case study, the dynamical reduction of a two-wheeled rover on a rotating disk is detailed. The symmetry group for this example is the relative configuration manifold of the rover with respect to the inertial space. The proposed approach in this paper unifies the existing reduction procedures for symmetric Hamiltonian systems with conserved momentum, and for Chaplygin systems, which are normally treated separately in the literature. Another characteristic of this approach is that although it tracks the structure of the equations in each reduction step, it does not insist on preserving the properties of the system. For example, the resulting dynamical equations may no longer correspond to a Hamiltonian system. As a result, the invariance condition of the Hamiltonian under a group action that lies at the heart of almost every reduction procedure is relaxed.

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