Conventional and Unconventional Plastic Response and Representation

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Drucker
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Present State ◽  
Theory Of Elasticity ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Plastic Response ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Real Behavior ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Key Aspects

The development and the present state of a few key aspects of the theory of plasticity are sketched as a guide to the literature for those new to or not centrally involved in the subject. Only a small fraction of this extensive literature is cited. Special attention is paid to the frequently inspirational but more often misleading influence of the theory of elasticity and the role of initial isotropy. The required simplicity of stress-strain relations to be usable with the most powerful of computers, for the analysis or design of metalworking processes or of ductile engineering structures and devices, is contrasted with the enormous complexity needed to model real behavior in quite crude detail. An attempt is made to place in perspective a variety of older and current representations, both conventional and unconventional. Applicable regimes of transference of results between the atomic, dislocation, or single crystal level and the macroscopic or continuum level also are explored.

The Mid-Nineteenth Century Electoral Structure

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Present State ◽  
Divergence Of Opinion ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Electoral Structure

It is far too early to talk with any real certainty about the mid-nineteenth century electoral structure. The very materials of which it was built are in dispute, let alone the shape of the edifice. A deference school of historians is challenging traditional notions of the growth of political individualism in the period, while so-called quantitative historians are beginning to question the assumptions and approach of both deference historians and traditionalists. Serious and detailed study of the questions involved has hardly begun. Still, some comment on the present state of the controversy may not be entirely out of place. An enduring interpretation can only be constructed of sound materials; and I am by no means certain of the soundness of some of those now being put forward for our use.W. O. Aydelotte, in a paper read a couple of years ago and soon to be published in a series of essays entitled The History of Parliamentary Behavior, notes the divergence of opinion among historians on the role of the electorate in shaping parliamentary opinion after 1832. As he rightly suggests, Norman Gash in his Politics in the Age of Peel appears to be of two minds on the subject, depending on whether one reads his introduction or his text. In the former Professor Gash stresses the increase of popular influence on Parliament, in the latter the continuance of traditional influences over the mass of the electorate. D. C. Moore comes down heavily on the side of the latter influences, contending that a relatively few leaders of what he has called “deference communities” represented effective electoral opinion, which was simply registered by the mass of the electorate.

Concrete Plasticity: Recent Developments

1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (6S) ◽  
pp. S86-S90 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Inelastic Deformation ◽  
Plasticity Theory ◽  
Stress Range ◽  
Softening Behavior ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Damage Theory ◽  
Concrete Materials ◽  
Key Aspects

The present state of some key aspects of development of concrete plasticity is summarized. Emphasis is placed on the representation and interpretation of the inelastic deformation of concrete materials in the post-elastic range. The development of plasticity-based models in prepeak stress range is first summarized, emphasizing the fundamental concepts peculiar to concrete materials. A general formulation of softening behavior by the plasticity theory combined with the fracturing (damage) theory is then discussed. Next, recent studies relating macrospace features and microscopic events are presented. Finally, the role of cement-paste-sand interfaces in providing a deeper understanding of the concrete materials at the microscale are explored. Directions for further research are indicated.

scholarly journals Land Grabbing and Jatropha in India: An Analysis of ‘Hyped’ Discourse on The Subject

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1063
Author(s):  
Anika Trebbin
Keyword(s):  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Land Grabbing ◽  
Land Grab ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
Global Land ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

In the early 2000s, powerful narratives (re-)emerged around the food–fuel–land nexus, which, combined with the financial, food, and fuel crises of 2007-08, sparked new concerns about the finiteness of our resources and triggered, as well as partially justified, the then following land rush. Around the same time, a hyped debate also developed around biofuels as a potential fix to some of the global scarcity problems in which jatropha held a particularly prominent position as a new miracle crop. This study examines the concurrence of jatropha and the land grabbing hype in India, the leading promotor of the plant globally, and asks what effect the global land grab discourse had on actual jatropha investments in the country. To do so, an extensive literature review, discourse analysis, and qualitative survey were conducted, with a specific focus on jatropha investors. The study found that both hyped discourses have impacted investor decisions, but the impact varied depending on the types of company. This study adds a yet underrepresented investor perspective to the global land grabbing discourse and highlights a need to also consider the role of small and medium enterprises in land grabbing processes.

scholarly journals Six-legged walking in insects: how CPGs, peripheral feedback, and descending signals generate coordinated and adaptive motor rhythms

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salil S. Bidaye ◽  
Till Bockemühl ◽  
Ansgar Büschges
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Locomotor Behavior ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Neurobiological Research ◽  
Descending Influences ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
The Brain

Walking is a rhythmic locomotor behavior of legged animals, and its underlying mechanisms have been the subject of neurobiological research for more than 100 years. In this article, we review relevant historical aspects and contemporary studies in this field of research with a particular focus on the role of central pattern generating networks (CPGs) and their contribution to the generation of six-legged walking in insects. Aspects of importance are the generation of single-leg stepping, the generation of interleg coordination, and how descending signals influence walking. We first review how CPGs interact with sensory signals from the leg in the generation of leg stepping. Next, we summarize how these interactions are modified in the generation of motor flexibility for forward and backward walking, curve walking, and speed changes. We then review the present state of knowledge with regard to the role of CPGs in intersegmental coordination and how CPGs might be involved in mediating descending influences from the brain for the initiation, maintenance, modification, and cessation of the motor output for walking. Throughout, we aim to specifically address gaps in knowledge, and we describe potential future avenues and approaches, conceptual and methodological, with the latter emphasizing in particular options arising from the advent of neurogenetic approaches to this field of research and its combination with traditional approaches.

The Complexity of Multilateral Negotiations: Problem or Opportunity? A Qualitative Study of Five Simulations with Mexican Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Meschoulam ◽  
Andrea Muhech ◽  
Tania Naanous ◽  
Sofía Quintanilla ◽  
Renata Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Mexican Students ◽  
Multilateral Negotiations ◽  
Continuous Feed ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Education in International Relations requires continual evolution. One approach is the use of negotiation simulations for complex issues. Despite the extensive literature on the subject, there is a lack of qualitative research on this approach, particularly in Latin America and Mexico. This paper presents the findings of a qualitative research on five simulations with Mexican students. The five exercises were characterized by the application of elements that are not usually included in traditional simulations, such as a multiweek phase of prior negotiations, the use of Twitter, the introduction of nonstate actors, a gala dinner, and a continuous feed of real world news. We investigated 118 participants through 30 in depth interviews analyzed with NVivo, a systematized analysis of 118 reports, documents and tweets, and a pre-post questionnaire applied to the fifth group. The results in the five simulations were highly positive. The students reported a greater awareness of the complexity of international negotiations. Such awareness can present both a risk and an opportunity: a risk because those circumstances caused discouragement and frustration in many participants, and an opportunity because those same circumstances, properly channeled, triggered parallel skills, and creative thinking. Therefore, the role of the facilitation team was fundamental.

scholarly journals Linking Information System Capabilities with Firm Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Arafat Salih Aydiner
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship

Information systems and technologies have an influence on every aspect of companies’ firm performance. Extensive studies have been conducted to determine the relationships between information system (IS) capabilities and firm performance. This study investigates and explores an extensive literature review to discover inconsistencies among past studies. The role of the resource-based view (RBV) is also examined on the subject. Assessing the relationship between these two concepts will shed highlight new research perspectives. The review will find out whether or not additional empirical investigation is necessary to gain a clearer understanding of IS capabilities and firm performance.

Top-Down Processing and Visual Reorientation Illusions in a Virtual Reality Environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Mast ◽  
Charles M. Oman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

The role of top-down processing on the horizontal-vertical line length illusion was examined by means of an ambiguous room with dual visual verticals. In one of the test conditions, the subjects were cued to one of the two verticals and were instructed to cognitively reassign the apparent vertical to the cued orientation. When they have mentally adjusted their perception, two lines in a plus sign configuration appeared and the subjects had to evaluate which line was longer. The results showed that the line length appeared longer when it was aligned with the direction of the vertical currently perceived by the subject. This study provides a demonstration that top-down processing influences lower level visual processing mechanisms. In another test condition, the subjects had all perceptual cues available and the influence was even stronger.

The future role of the psychiatrist in Europe – a UEMS perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
M. Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Personal Opinion ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

SummaryThe author presents his personal opinion inviting to discussion on the possible future role of psychiatrists. His view is based upon the many contacts with psychiatrists all over Europe, academicians and everyday professionals, as well as the familiarity with the literature. The list of papers referred to is based upon (1) the general interest concerning the subject when representing ideas also worded elsewhere, (2) the accessibility to psychiatrists and mental health professionals in Germany, (3) being costless downloadable for non-subscribers and (4) for some geographic aspects (e.g. Belgium, Spain, Sweden) and the latest scientific issues, addressing some authors directly.

Alignment

2016 ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Pier Giuseppe Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Enactive Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Education Today ◽  
Current Context ◽  
The Subject

The subject of alignment is not new to the world of education. Today however, it has come to mean different things and to have a heuristic value in education according to research in different areas, not least for neuroscience, and to attention to skills and to the alternation framework.This paper, after looking at the classic references that already attributed an important role to alignment in education processes, looks at the strategic role of alignment in the current context, outlining the shared construction processes and focusing on some of the ways in which this is put into effect.Alignment is part of a participatory, enactive approach that gives a central role to the interaction between teaching and learning, avoiding the limits of behaviourism, which has a greater bias towards teaching, and cognitivism/constructivism, which focus their attention on learning and in any case, on that which separates a teacher preparing the environment and a student working in it.

A reconnaissance of tropical resources during Revolutionary years: the role of the Paris Museum d'Histoire Naturelle

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
MADELEINE LY-TIO-FANE
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Joseph Ii

SUMMARY The recent extensive literature on exploration and the resulting scientific advances has failed to highlight the contribution of Austrian enterprise to the study of natural history. The leading role of Joseph II among the neutral powers which assumed the carrying trade of the belligerents during the American War of Independence, furthered the development of collections for the Schönbrunn Park and Gardens which had been set up on scientific principles by his parents. On the conclusion of peace, Joseph entrusted to Professor Maerter a world-encompassing mission in the course of which the Chief Gardener Franz Boos and his assistant Georg Scholl travelled to South Africa to collect plants and animals. Boos pursued the mission to Isle de France and Bourbon (Mauritius and Reunion), conveyed by the then unknown Nicolas Baudin. He worked at the Jardin du Roi, Pamplemousses, with Nicolas Cere, or at Palma with Joseph Francois Charpentier de Cossigny. The linkage of Austrian and French horticultural expertise created a situation fraught with opportunities which were to lead Baudin to the forefront of exploration and scientific research as the century closed in the upheaval of the Revolutionary Wars.

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