The Tensile Fracture Characteristics of Nickel, Monel, and Selected Superalloys Broken in Liquid Mercury

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Price ◽  
J. K. Good
Keyword(s):  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Surface Cracking ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
Liquid Mercury ◽  
Incoloy 800 ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Nickel 200 ◽  
Incoloy 825

An investigation was performed, using the slow strain-rate tensile test technique, to determine whether nickel and typical nickel base alloys were susceptible to embrittlement by liquid mercury at room temperature. The alloys Monel 400, Monel R405, Monel K500, Inconel 625, Inconel 718, and Inconel X750 displayed intergranular embrittlement to different degrees. Nickel 200 and Inconel 600 had transgranular breaks. The alloys Incoloy 800 and Incoloy 825 were not embrittled under these test conditions, giving cup and cone fractures, but some surface cracking did arise in the necked region. The fracture mode was governed by the strain at which cracking initiated with lower values favoring integranular separations. Some alloys showed a progression from intergranular to transgranular to microvoid coalescence fractures across the cross section, the latter failures occurring at higher strain levels. The relative embrittlement of the alloys did not correlate with the mechanical properties or the stacking fault energies, but is perhaps related to composition, for the alloys higher in iron content were affected less.

The Fatigue Behavior of Nickel, Monel, and Selected Superalloys, Tested in Liquid Mercury and Air; A Comparison

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Price ◽  
J. K. Good
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Intergranular Cracking ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
Liquid Mercury ◽  
Incoloy 800 ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Nickel 200 ◽  
Incoloy 825

The fatigue lifetimes and fractography were compared for nickel and typical nickel base alloys of the Monel, Inconel, and Incoloy series, tested at room temperature in alternating tension in the environments of air and liquid mercury. It was found that the fatigue life was always less in mercury and that a different fracture mode resulted. The alloys Nickel 200, Inconel 600, Incoloy 800, and Incoloy 825 that did not show intergranular fractures in the slow strain-rate tensile tests, did so under fatigue testing. A generalized crack propagation sequence in mercury was identified beginning with intergranular cracking but transferring eventually to transgranular modes.

The Relationship of Heat Treatment to the Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Alloys

CORROSION ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 438-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Ferric Sulfate ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
Incoloy 800 ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Acid Test ◽  
Incoloy 825 ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Information is presented on the response to sensitizing heat treatments of Incoloy 800, Incoloy 825, Carpenter 20 Cb-3, Inconel 600, Inconel 625, and Hastelloy G. None of the alloys investigated was found to be consistently immune to the development of susceptibility to intergranular corrosion as measured by nitric acid and ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid evaluation tests. In most cases the two test methods were in substantial agreement but the ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid test was less sensitive to thermal effects for Incoloy 825 and more sensitive for Hastelloy G. In general, variability in resistance to sensitization as a function of prior processing history appears to be more pronounced in the higher nickel alloys than in the 300 series stainless steels.

General Corrosion of Stainless Steels and Nickel Base Alloys Exposed Isothermally in Superheated Steam

CORROSION ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 355-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. WOZALDO ◽  
W. L. PEARL
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Hastelloy X ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Incoloy 800 ◽  
Incoloy 825 ◽  
Time Linear

Abstract Results are reported for a comprehensive corrosion study sponsored by the Atomic Energy Commission on commercially available materials that might be suitable for nuclear superheat fuel cladding application. Several nickel alloys (Inconel 600, Inconel 625, Incoloy 800, Incoloy 825 and Hastelloy X) and two stainless steels (Types 304 and 406) were exposed isothermally to 1050 and 1150 F (656–621 C) superheated steam in a dynamic corrosion facility. Hydrogen and oxygen content of the steam was controlled to simulate that found in boiling-water reactor steam. Generally an initially high corrosion rate decreased to a lower constant rate. Initial corrosion rate period appeared to vary in time for different materials although most seemed to reach a linear rate in the first 1000 hours. Hastelloy X, Incoloy 825, Inconel 625 and Incoloy 800 had low initial and long-time linear corrosion rates and formed good protective and tenacious oxides up to 1150 F. Type 406 stainless steel (SS) had a high initial but low long-time linear corrosion rate and formed a protective and tenacious oxide up to 1150 F. Inconel 600 had adequate corrosion resistance to 1050 F but formed a nonprotective oxide film, a significant portion of which was lost to the system at 1150 F. Type 304 SS had significant corrosion rates at 1050 and 1150 F but formed a relatively tenacious oxide at both temperatures that eventually reached a limiting thickness with subsequent spalling.

scholarly journals Comparison in Deformation Behavior, Microstructure, and Failure Mechanism of Nickel Base Alloy 625 under Two Strain Rates

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2652
Author(s):  
Meng Liu ◽  
Quanyi Wang ◽  
Yifan Cai ◽  
Dong Lu ◽  
Tianjian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Tensile Deformation ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Tensile Fracture Surface ◽  
Nickel Base

Tensile deformation behavior and microstructure of nickel-base superalloy Inconel 625 are investigated under different strain rates of 5 × 10−4 s−1 and 5 × 10−5 s−1. According to the experimental results, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the alloy increase with the increase in strain rate in room temperature. Microstructure results indicate that the size of dimples is smaller in the tensile fracture surface at low strain rate than the high strain rate, and the number of dimples is also related to the strain rates and twins appear earlier in the specimens with higher strain rates. Apart from Hollomon and Ludwik functions, a new formula considering the variation trend of strength in different deformation stages is deduced and introduced, which fit closer to the tensile curves of the 625 alloy used in the present work at both strain rates. Furthermore, the Schmid factors of tensile samples under two strain rates are calculated and discussed. In the end, typical work hardening behavior resulting from the dislocations slip behavior under different strain rates is observed, and a shearing phenomenon of slip lines cross through the δ precipitates due to the movement of dislocations is also be note.

scholarly journals Prevent Cracking in Deposition of Carbon Steel on Inconel 625

2019 ◽  
Vol 269 ◽  
pp. 03011
Author(s):  
M. A. Morsy ◽  
M. R. El Koussy ◽  
M. M. Farag
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Grain Refining ◽  
Nickel Base Alloy ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Clad Steel ◽  
Welding Procedure

Welding procedure of clad steel including deposition of carbon steel on nickel base alloy usually gives unaccepted mechanical properties. Cracks were formed along type II boundary in nickel base alloy pass and a martensitic layer was formed in carbon steel pass. In this paper, cracks along type II boundary were prevented by lowering the martensitic start temperature (TMs) of the martensitic layer. Decreasing of TMs was obtained by two methods: Dilution method and Grain refining method. Three levels of TMs (approximately 350, 200, and 50⁰C) are obtained. The results showed that: cracks along type II boundary were prevented at TMs lower than 200⁰C; however type II boundary itself was prevented at TMs lower than 50𠜌. Also post weld heat treatment was necessary to achieve accepted impact properties.

Stress Corrosion Cracking of Iron and Nickel Base Alloys in Sulfate Solutions at 289 C

CORROSION ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 442-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID A. VERMILYEA
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Chromium Depletion ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
Sulfate Solutions ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Nickel Base

Abstract Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of iron and nickel base alloys in aqueous solutions at 289 C (552 F) has been studied using a straining electrode apparatus. Cracking susceptibility decreases in the order sensitized stainless steel, cold worked stainless steel containing martensite, sensitized Inconel 600, annealed stainless steel, and annealed or cold worked Inconel 600 and alloy AL 326. High cracking susceptibility usually occurs when conditions result in the development of thick reaction products. Acid conditions and chromium depletion favor thick reaction products and enhance susceptibility.

2nd Year Comparison of Superheater Metal Wastage Rates Utilizing Various Boiler Tube Alloys in a Waste-to-Energy Facility

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hanson ◽  
Mark Turner
Keyword(s):  
Base Material ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Weld Overlay ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Energy Facility ◽  
Energy Plant ◽  
Wastage Rate ◽  
Incoloy 825

The SEMASS Resource Recovery Facility (SEMASS) is a processed refuse fuel (PRF) waste-to-energy plant serving Southeastern Massachusetts. The plant consists of three 1000 ton per day boilers that generate steam at 765 F and 650 psig for use in a steam turbine/generator set. Over the past several years there have been a series of plant improvements made in order to achieve compliance with the MACT emission standards. Unfortunately, metal wastage rates due to fire side corrosion of pressure containing components, have increased significantly during this same time period. In an attempt to reduce overall maintenance costs and unscheduled down time due to tube failures, a test of various alloy tube materials was undertaken in 2001 (see NAWTEC#10 paper-1021) in the primary superheater section of boiler #1. The materials tested were SA213-T22 (original spec.), SA213-T22-Heavy Wall, SA213-TP310H, SB-423 Incoloy 825, and Inconel 625 spiral weld overlay of SA213-T22 base material. This paper will summarize the results of the second year of testing including wastage rate tables and annualized costs for the various tube materials.

Apfim Investigation of Segregation in a Nickel Base Alloy

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
M. Thuvander ◽  
K. Stiller
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Model Alloy ◽  
Probe Field ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Boron Carbon

Segregation of boron, carbon and nitrogen to grain boundaries in a nickel based model alloy has been investigated using atom probe field ion microscopy (APFIM). The material corresponds to a commercial alloy (Inconel 600), but contains lower levels of alloy additives and impurities. The major composition was Ni-16Cr-10Fe (wt.%). The alloy was solution annealed at 950°C for 10 min, which resulted in a grain size of 20 μ. Subsequently heat treatments for 1 h at temperatures of 550°C, 600°C and 700°C were applied. TEM investigation showed that the heat treatment at 700°C resulted in precipitation of intergranular chromium-rich carbides. The other temperatures were obviously too low and the aging times too short to cause precipitation, since carbides were not observed in the materials heat treated at 550°C and 600°C.As the grain size was about 100 times larger than the accessible depth of APFIM analysis (≃200 nm), much care had to be taken in preparing samples containing a grain boundary close to the tip apex.

Hydrogen Gas Generation in Water Heat Pipes

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Pittinato
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Heat Pipes ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
430 Stainless Steel ◽  
Incoloy 800 ◽  
Isothermal Operation ◽  
Short Time

Water heat pipes were fabricated from 316, 347, and 430 stainless steel, Monel 400, CDA 715, Inconel 600, and Incoloy 800. All of these materials generated varying amounts of hydrogen gas during the first few days of operation. However, as the heat pipes continued to operate, the amount of gas in each heat pipe, excluding 430 stainless steel, decreased by permeating through the heat pipe walls. Inconel 600 appeared to be the most acceptable material for water heat pipes by returning to isothermal operation over a short time period. An equation based on a diffusion dependent mechanism was developed that predicts heat pipe performance recovery rates.

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