The Fatigue Behavior of Nickel, Monel, and Selected Superalloys, Tested in Liquid Mercury and Air; A Comparison

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Price ◽  
J. K. Good
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Intergranular Cracking ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
Liquid Mercury ◽  
Incoloy 800 ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Nickel 200 ◽  
Incoloy 825

The fatigue lifetimes and fractography were compared for nickel and typical nickel base alloys of the Monel, Inconel, and Incoloy series, tested at room temperature in alternating tension in the environments of air and liquid mercury. It was found that the fatigue life was always less in mercury and that a different fracture mode resulted. The alloys Nickel 200, Inconel 600, Incoloy 800, and Incoloy 825 that did not show intergranular fractures in the slow strain-rate tensile tests, did so under fatigue testing. A generalized crack propagation sequence in mercury was identified beginning with intergranular cracking but transferring eventually to transgranular modes.

The Tensile Fracture Characteristics of Nickel, Monel, and Selected Superalloys Broken in Liquid Mercury

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Price ◽  
J. K. Good
Keyword(s):  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Surface Cracking ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
Liquid Mercury ◽  
Incoloy 800 ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Nickel 200 ◽  
Incoloy 825

An investigation was performed, using the slow strain-rate tensile test technique, to determine whether nickel and typical nickel base alloys were susceptible to embrittlement by liquid mercury at room temperature. The alloys Monel 400, Monel R405, Monel K500, Inconel 625, Inconel 718, and Inconel X750 displayed intergranular embrittlement to different degrees. Nickel 200 and Inconel 600 had transgranular breaks. The alloys Incoloy 800 and Incoloy 825 were not embrittled under these test conditions, giving cup and cone fractures, but some surface cracking did arise in the necked region. The fracture mode was governed by the strain at which cracking initiated with lower values favoring integranular separations. Some alloys showed a progression from intergranular to transgranular to microvoid coalescence fractures across the cross section, the latter failures occurring at higher strain levels. The relative embrittlement of the alloys did not correlate with the mechanical properties or the stacking fault energies, but is perhaps related to composition, for the alloys higher in iron content were affected less.

The Relationship of Heat Treatment to the Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Alloys

CORROSION ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 438-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Ferric Sulfate ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
Incoloy 800 ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Acid Test ◽  
Incoloy 825 ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Information is presented on the response to sensitizing heat treatments of Incoloy 800, Incoloy 825, Carpenter 20 Cb-3, Inconel 600, Inconel 625, and Hastelloy G. None of the alloys investigated was found to be consistently immune to the development of susceptibility to intergranular corrosion as measured by nitric acid and ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid evaluation tests. In most cases the two test methods were in substantial agreement but the ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid test was less sensitive to thermal effects for Incoloy 825 and more sensitive for Hastelloy G. In general, variability in resistance to sensitization as a function of prior processing history appears to be more pronounced in the higher nickel alloys than in the 300 series stainless steels.

General Corrosion of Stainless Steels and Nickel Base Alloys Exposed Isothermally in Superheated Steam

CORROSION ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 355-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. WOZALDO ◽  
W. L. PEARL
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Hastelloy X ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Incoloy 800 ◽  
Incoloy 825 ◽  
Time Linear

Abstract Results are reported for a comprehensive corrosion study sponsored by the Atomic Energy Commission on commercially available materials that might be suitable for nuclear superheat fuel cladding application. Several nickel alloys (Inconel 600, Inconel 625, Incoloy 800, Incoloy 825 and Hastelloy X) and two stainless steels (Types 304 and 406) were exposed isothermally to 1050 and 1150 F (656–621 C) superheated steam in a dynamic corrosion facility. Hydrogen and oxygen content of the steam was controlled to simulate that found in boiling-water reactor steam. Generally an initially high corrosion rate decreased to a lower constant rate. Initial corrosion rate period appeared to vary in time for different materials although most seemed to reach a linear rate in the first 1000 hours. Hastelloy X, Incoloy 825, Inconel 625 and Incoloy 800 had low initial and long-time linear corrosion rates and formed good protective and tenacious oxides up to 1150 F. Type 406 stainless steel (SS) had a high initial but low long-time linear corrosion rate and formed a protective and tenacious oxide up to 1150 F. Inconel 600 had adequate corrosion resistance to 1050 F but formed a nonprotective oxide film, a significant portion of which was lost to the system at 1150 F. Type 304 SS had significant corrosion rates at 1050 and 1150 F but formed a relatively tenacious oxide at both temperatures that eventually reached a limiting thickness with subsequent spalling.

A STUDY ON FRETTING FATIGUE LIFE IN ELEVATED TEMPERATURE FOR INCOLOY 800

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (15n16) ◽  
pp. 2561-2566
Author(s):  
JAE DO KWON ◽  
SEUNG WAN WOO ◽  
IL SUP CHUNG ◽  
DONG HWAN YOON ◽  
DAE KYU PARK
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Fretting Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Chromium Alloy ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Incoloy 800 ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
To Receive

Incoloy 800, which is used within steam generator tubes, is a heat resistant material since it is an iron-nickel-chromium alloy. However, construction of a systematic database is needed to receive integrity data defecting insurance of specific data about room and elevated temperature fretting fatigue behavior for Incoloy 800. Accordingly, this study investigates the specific change in fatigue limitations under the condition of the fretting fatigue as compared to that under the condition of the plain fatigue by performing plain and fretting fatigue tests on Incoloy 800 at 320°C, real operating temperature and at room-temperature, respectively. The change in the frictional force is measured during the fretting fatigue testing against the repeated cycle, and the mechanism of fretting fatigue is investigated through the observation of the fatigue-fracture surface.

Fatigue of Unidirectional Cord-Rubber Composites

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Liu ◽  
Z. Wan ◽  
Z. Tian ◽  
X. Du ◽  
J. Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Damage Accumulation ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Cycle Frequency ◽  
Periodic Loading ◽  
Fatigue Damage Accumulation ◽  
Rubber Composite

Abstract A fatigue testing system is established with which the real-time recording of stress, strain, temperature, and hysteresis loss of rubbers or cord-rubber composite specimens subjected to periodic loading or extension can be successfully carried out. Several problems are connected with the experimental study of the fatigue of rubber composites. In constant extension cycling, the specimen becomes relaxed because of the viscoelasticity of rubber composites, and the imposed tension-tension deformation becomes complex. In this method, the specimen is unlikely to fail unless the imposed extensions are very large. Constant load cycling can avoid the shortcomings of constant extension cycling. The specially designed clamps ensure that the specimen does not slip when the load retains a constant value. The Deformation and fatigue damage accumulation processes of rubber composites under periodic loading are also examined. Obviously, the effect of cycle frequency on the fatigue life of rubber composites can not be ignored because of the viscoelasticity of constituent materials. The increase of specimen surface temperature is relatively small in the case of 1 Hz, but the temperature can easily reach 100°C at the 8 Hz frequency. A method for evaluating the fatigue behavior of tires is proposed.

Partial Devitrification of Sintered Silicon Nitride During Static Fatigue Testing

1992 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Braue ◽  
G. D. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Slow Crack Growth ◽  
Stress Rupture ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Boundary Phase ◽  
Static Fatigue ◽  
Phase Assemblage ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Stress States

ABSTRACTThe static fatigue behavior of sintered Y2O3/A12O3-fluxed Si3N4 in air is controlled by slow crack growth or creep fracture. Partial devitrification of the amorphous grain boundary phase at 1000°C and 1100°C improves the static fatigue resistance with specimens surviving up to 1500 hrs. during stress rupture experiments. In this study the early stages of partial devitrification during static fatigue testing at 1000°C are investigated by conventional and analytical transmission electron microscopy with emphasis on nucleation and growth of δ-Y2Si2O7 and X1-Y2SiO5 and possible constraints from different stress states. The results show that the stress state does not affect the nature of the secondary phase assemblage. However, the amount of crystallization is higher within the tensile region of the flexural specimens than in areas which experienced compressive stresses.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Treatment Process on Microstructure and Fatigue Behavior of a Nickel-Base Superalloy

Materials ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 6179-6194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Qiang Zhu ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Heyong Qin ◽  
Chuanjie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Base Superalloy

Gigacycle Fatigue of Welded Joints of Structural Materials (A Review)

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 14-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okechukwu P. Nwachukwu ◽  
Alexander V. Gridasov ◽  
Ekaterina A. Gridasova
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Material Defects ◽  
Graphite Cast Iron ◽  
Ultrasonic Fatigue ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Fatigue Failures

This review looks into the state of gigacycle fatigue behavior of some structural materials used in engineering works. Particular attention is given to the use of ultrasonic fatigue testing machine (USF-2000) due to its important role in conducting gigacycle fatigue tests. Gigacycle fatigue behavior of most materials used for very long life engineering applications is reviewed.Gigacycle fatigue behavior of magnesium alloys, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, spheroid graphite cast iron, steels and nickel alloys are reviewed together with the examination of the most common material defects that initiate gigacycle fatigue failures in these materials. In addition, the stage-by-stage fatigue crack developments in the gigacycle regime are reviewed. This review is concluded by suggesting the directions for future works in gigacycle fatigue.

scholarly journals Changing in Fatigue Life of 300 M Bainitic Steel After Laser Carburizing and Plasma Nitriding

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 21002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio J. Abdalla ◽  
Douglas Santos ◽  
Getúlio Vasconcelos ◽  
Vladimir H. Baggio-Scheid ◽  
Deivid F. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
300M Steel ◽  
Structural Applications

In this work 300M steel samples is used. This high-strength steel is used in aeronautic and aerospace industry and other structural applications. Initially the 300 M steel sample was submitted to a heat treatment to obtain a bainític structure. It was heated at 850 °C for 30 minutes and after that, cooled at 300 °C for 60 minutes. Afterwards two types of surface treatments have been employed: (a) using low-power laser CO2 (125 W) for introducing carbon into the surface and (b) plasma nitriding at a temperature of 500° C for 3 hours. After surface treatment, the metallographic preparation was carried out and the observations with optical and electronic microscopy have been made. The analysis of the coating showed an increase in the hardness of layer formed on the surface, mainly, among the nitriding layers. The mechanical properties were analyzed using tensile and fatigue tests. The results showed that the mechanical properties in tensile tests were strongly affected by the bainitic microstructure. The steel that received the nitriding surface by plasma treatment showed better fatigue behavior. The results are very promising because the layer formed on steel surface, in addition to improving the fatigue life, still improves protection against corrosion and wear.

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