Radial-Interradial Spring Tire Models

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Badalamenti ◽  
G. R. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Tire Models

Two radial-interradial spring tire models are developed to predict vertical and drag forces produced by a tire as it rolls over an obstacle. Interradial springs are used to interconnect radial linear or quadratic springs to make each tire element’s deflection dependent upon its adjacent element’s deflections. Forces predicted by these two models are compared with a previously developed quadratic radial spring tire model and test data. The newly developed quadratic radial-linear interradial spring tire model predicts vertical and drag forces that are in close agreement with the test data.

Weighted Orthogonal Distance Regression for Tire Models Parameters Identification

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
JoseLuis Olazagoitia ◽  
Alberto López
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Ordinate Axis ◽  
Orthogonal Distance Regression ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Tire Models ◽  
Least Squares Techniques

Determining the parameters in existing tire models (e.g. Magic Formula (MF)) for calculating longitudinal and lateral forces depending on the tire slip is often based on standard least squares techniques. This type of optimization minimizes the vertical differences in the ordinate axis between the test data and the chosen tire model. Although the practice is to use this type of optimization in adjusting those model parameters, it should be noted that this approach disregards the errors that have been committed in the measurement of tire slips. These inaccuracies in the measured data affect the optimum parameters of the model, producing non optimum models. This paper presents a methodology to improve the fitting of mathematical tire models on available test data, taking into account the vertical errors together with errors in the independent variable.

A Empirical Tire Model of Non-Steady State Cornering Properties Considering Carcass Elasticity

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongping Hou ◽  
Yujin Hu ◽  
Chenggang Li ◽  
Konghui Guo
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Region ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Yaw Angle ◽  
Tire Models

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present two empirical tire models of non-steady state cornering property with respect to yaw angle input in low frequency region on the basis of existing tire model and considering the elasticity of the carcass. Verified by test, theoretical values meet well with test data. Comparing with existing tire models, the models described in the paper have more advantages, and they also have high precision. They can be applied for vehicle dynamics studies.

A Modified Dugoff Tire Model for Combined-slip Forces

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenggen Ding ◽  
Saied Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Magic Formula ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Road Friction ◽  
On Line ◽  
Double Lane Change ◽  
Tire Forces ◽  
Tire Models

Abstract Easy-to-use tire models for vehicle dynamics have been persistently studied for such applications as control design and model-based on-line estimation. This paper proposes a modified combined-slip tire model based on Dugoff tire. The proposed model takes emphasis on less time consumption for calculation and uses a minimum set of parameters to express tire forces. Modification of Dugoff tire model is made on two aspects: one is taking different tire/road friction coefficients for different magnitudes of slip and the other is employing the concept of friction ellipse. The proposed model is evaluated by comparison with the LuGre tire model. Although there are some discrepancies between the two models, the proposed combined-slip model is generally acceptable due to its simplicity and easiness to use. Extracting parameters from the coefficients of a Magic Formula tire model based on measured tire data, the proposed model is further evaluated by conducting a double lane change maneuver, and simulation results show that the trajectory using the proposed tire model is closer to that using the Magic Formula tire model than Dugoff tire model.

A Double Interaction Brush Model for Snow Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-140
Author(s):  
Artem Kusachov ◽  
Fredrik Bruzelius ◽  
Mattias Hjort ◽  
Bengt J. H. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Low Complexity ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Vehicle Handling ◽  
Real Time Applications ◽  
Snow Conditions ◽  
Double Interaction ◽  
Tire Models ◽  
Force Characteristics ◽  
Model Approach

ABSTRACT Commonly used tire models for vehicle-handling simulations are derived from the assumption of a flat and solid surface. Snow surfaces are nonsolid and may move under the tire. This results in inaccurate tire models and simulation results that are too far from the true phenomena. This article describes a physically motivated tire model that takes the effect of snow shearing into account. The brush tire model approach is used to describe an additional interaction between the packed snow in tire tread pattern voids with the snow road surface. Fewer parameters and low complexity make it suitable for real-time applications. The presented model is compared with test track tire measurements from a large set of different tires. Results suggest higher accuracy compared with conventional tire models. Moreover, the model is also proven to be capable of correctly predicting the self-aligning torque given the force characteristics.

A New Tire Model to Predict Vibration Emission of Counterbalance Trucks

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lemerle ◽  
P. Mistrot
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Suspension Systems ◽  
Truck Tires ◽  
Pneumatic Tires

Abstract Counterbalance trucks are machines in widespread use in every industrial sector. Unlike cars, they are not designed with suspension systems. Consequently, they are considered to be high vibrating vehicles. Nevertheless, like suspension seats, tires can be selected as suspension parts. This paper presents a new numerical model for the analysis of the vibratory behavior of counterbalance truck tires. This model was intended to be a part of a fork lift truck model, including axles, chassis, and cabin. All the results reported here show a close agreement between measurements and numerical simulations. Thus, it can predict the vibration emission values at the driving position and is used to compare the efficiency of solid tires with pneumatic tires in terms of transmitted vibration levels.

Influence From Helical Strakes on Vortex Induced Vibrations and Static Deflection of Drilling Risers

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl M. Larsen ◽  
Gro Sagli Baarholm ◽  
Halvor Lie
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Oscillation Amplitude ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Current Profile ◽  
Dynamic Stresses ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Vortex Induced Vibrations ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
Helical Strakes

Helical strakes are known to reduce and even eliminate the oscillation amplitude of vortex induced vibrations (VIV). This reduction will increase fatigue life, and also reduce drag magnification from cross-flow vibrations. But sections with strakes will also have a larger drag coefficient than the bare riser. Hence, the extension of a section with strakes along a riser should be large enough to reduce oscillations, but not too long in order to limit drag forces from current and waves. The optimum length and position for a given riser will therefore vary with current profile. Dynamic response from waves should also be taken into account. The purpose of the present paper is to illustrate the influence from strakes on VIV, as well as on static and dynamic response for a drilling riser. Hydrodynamic coefficients for a cylinder with helical strakes are found from experiments and applied in an empirical model for the analysis of VIV. The result from the VIV analysis is used for a second calculation of drag forces that are applied in an updated static analysis. Dynamic stresses from regular waves are also presented, but VIV are not considered for these cases. A simple study of length and position of the section with strakes is carried out for some standard current profiles. Results are presented in terms of oscillation amplitudes, fatigue damage, bending stresses and riser angles at ends. The study is based on test data for one particular strake geometry, but the analysis method as such is general, and the computer programs used in the study can easily apply other test data.

scholarly journals An Advanced Shell Theory Based Tire Model

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bozdog ◽  
W. W. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Shell Theory ◽  
Finite Difference Methods ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Dynamic Analyses ◽  
Tire Models ◽  
Elastic Substance

Abstract The objective of this paper is to investigate a class of general tire models that provides results suitable for usage in vehicle dynamics. Tire models currently used for vehicle dynamic analyses are overly simplistic (springs, a spring and damper combination or semi-elastic substance) or based on curve fits of experimental data. In contrast, the tire models used by major tire companies are extremely complex with solutions possible only by finite element analysis. Between these two extremes exists the potential for an elasticity based shell theory tire model. Micro-mechanics and composite laminate theories provide an integrated approach to the macroscopic behavior of the tire carcass and the tread support plies. This methodology has the capability of including centrifugal and friction forces. Finite difference methods are applied that produce reliable and accurate solutions of the tire response.

Tire Lateral Vibration Considerations in Vehicle-Based Tire Testing

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-231
Author(s):  
Anton Albinsson ◽  
Fredrik Bruzelius ◽  
P. Schalk Els ◽  
Bengt Jacobson ◽  
Egbert Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Force ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Tire Force ◽  
Model Parameterization ◽  
Tire Testing ◽  
Suspension Model ◽  
Tire Models

ABSTRACT Vehicle-based tire testing can potentially make it easier to reparametrize tire models for different road surfaces. A passenger car equipped with external sensors was used to measure all input and output signals of the standard tire interface during a ramp steer maneuver at constant velocity. In these measurements, large lateral force vibrations are observed for slip angles above the lateral peak force with clear peaks in the frequency spectrum of the signal at 50 Hz and at multiples of this frequency. These vibrations can lower the average lateral force generated by the tires, and it is therefore important to understand which external factors influence these vibrations. Hence, when using tire models that do not capture these effects, the operating conditions during the testing are important for the accuracy of the tire model in a given maneuver. An Ftire model parameterization of tires used in vehicle-based tire testing is used to investigate these vibrations. A simple suspension model is used together with the tire model to conceptually model the effects of the suspension on the vibrations. The sensitivity of these vibrations to different operating conditions is also investigated together with the influence of the testing procedure and testing equipment (i.e., vehicle and sensors) on the lateral tire force vibrations. Note that the study does not attempt to explain the root cause of these vibrations. The simulation results show that these vibrations can lower the average lateral force generated by the tire for the same operating conditions. The results imply that it is important to consider the lateral tire force vibrations when parameterizing tire models, which does not model these vibrations. Furthermore, the vehicle suspension and operating conditions will change the amplitude of these vibrations and must therefore also be considered in maneuvers in which these vibrations occur.

A Three-Dimensional Dynamic Tire Model for Vehicle Dynamic Simulations

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Kao
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rigid Bodies ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Vehicle Dynamic ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Modeling Concept ◽  
Tire Modeling ◽  
Tire Models ◽  
Force Calculation

Abstract Traditional multibody dynamic (MBD) tire models concentrate on the tire patch force development and the tire in-plane characteristics. The tire lateral dynamics and nonlinear effects caused by the tire compliances during rough terrain driving and severe maneuvers are mostly neglected in vehicle analytical simulations. The tire finite element models, though capable of dealing with these phenomena, are basically not designed for quick vehicle dynamic evaluations. A simple three-dimensional (3-D) MBD tire model for full vehicle performance and maneuvering simulations over various road surfaces is therefore desirable for the ever expanding analysis capabilities and the improved accuracy of the computer-aided vehicle design analysis. In this paper a tire modeling concept to extend the in-plane dynamic tire model to full 3-D tire dynamics is proposed. Essentially, this tire model divides the traditional tire/wheel system model into three elements: two rigid bodies representing the wheel mass/inertia and the tire tread mass/inertia, and a spring/damper representing the sidewall visco-elasticity. Thus, 6 degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) are added for each tire over traditional tire models. Using any existing tire patch force calculation model, this proposed model can be used to simulate full 3-D dynamic responses of a vehicle. To implement this model, techniques to extract the nonlinear spring rates of the sidewalls and to enhance the tire patch force calculations over uneven terrains are explained in this paper. Results of the vehicle simulation using this tire model were compared with measured field data. They showed that this tire modeling concept yields a practical representation for tire 3-D nonlinear dynamic characteristics.

In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Dynamic Response Predictions of a Truck Tire Using Detailed Finite Element and Rigid Ring Models

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seokyong Chae ◽  
Fredrik O¨ijer ◽  
Mustafa El-Gindy ◽  
Mukesh Trivedi ◽  
Inge Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Rigid Ring ◽  
Fea Model ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Tire Models

A detailed nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) model of a radial-ply truck tire, 295/75R22.5, has been developed using explicit FEA simulation software, PAM-SHOCK. For the validation of the model, the tire model predictions of contact patch area, vertical stiffness, and cornering characteristics, such as cornering force and aligning moment versus slip angle, at different vertical loads are in good agreement with available physical measurements. For complete vehicle simulations, a simplified rigid ring tire model is required for efficient analysis throughput. The behavior of such a tire model can be verified and improved by comparing responses with the developed FEA model. Moreover, the in-plane and out-of-plane tire parameters needed for the simplified rigid ring tire model could be virtually determined at various vertical loads by testing the FEA tire model instead of performing expensive tire parameters measurements. The in-plane and out-of-plane tire parameters are implemented into a simplified rigid ring tire model to perform durability tests. The durability tests are conducted to examine dynamic behaviors by using the FEA truck tire and the rigid ring tire models during running on a water drainage ditch at various vertical tire loads. The ditch is 12.0-cm (4.72-in) deep and lies in 45-degree angle against tire traveling direction. The dynamic responses such as vertical displacement, forces, and moments at tire center are predicted using both tire models. The results obtained from both models are in reasonable agreement.

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