A screen for Twist-interacting proteins identifies Twinstar as a regulator of muscle development during embryogenesis

ABSTRACTMyogenesis in Drosophila relies on the activity of the transcription factor Twist during several key events of mesoderm differentiation. To identify the mechanism(s) by which Twist establishes a unique gene expression profile in specific spatial and temporal locales, we employed a yeast-based double interaction screen to discover new Twist-interacting proteins (TIPs) at the myocyte enhancer factor 2 (mef2) and tinman (tinB) myogenic enhancers. We identified a number of proteins that interacted with Twist at one or both enhancers, and whose interactions with Twist and roles in muscle development were previously unknown. Through genetic interaction studies, we find that Twinstar (Tsr), and its regulators are required for muscle formation. Loss of function and null mutations in tsr and its regulators result in missing and/or misattached muscles. Our data suggest that the yeast double interaction screen is a worthy approach to investigate spatial-temporal mechanisms of transcriptional regulation in muscle and in other tissues.

THE ROLE OF BIO, ORGANIC AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS IN THE GROWTH OF BUDDED APRICOT SEEDLINGS CV. "ZAGHINIA"

The study was conducted in the nursery of Hort. Dept., College of Agriculture and Forestry, Mosul University, Iraq, during 2018 season to study the response of budded "Zaghinia" apricot on seedlings rootstock to bio, organic and chemical fertilizers, and their effects on seedling growth. The studied factors were as follows: Bio fertilizer Fulzyme (0, 1 and 2 g.seedling-1 ), Organic fertilizer (rice residue) (0, 1 and 2 kg.seedling-1 ) and DAP fertilizers (0, 5 and 10 gm.seedling-1 ). The study was performed by using split-split plots within factorial experiment in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with 3 factors and 3 replicates, by using 6 seedlings for each treatment. Treatment means were compared by using Duncan multiple levels at 5% p. The most important results obtained were as follows: 1 and 2 g.seedling-1 of bio fertilizer (Fulzyme) resulted in a significant increase in most of traits, especially leaves content of P and Zn, while the addition of organic fertilizer (rice residue) at 1 and 2 kg.seedling-1 gave a significant increase in most of studied traits (leaves N, P, K and Zn, Chemical fertilizer (DAP) at the levels 5 and 10 g.seedling-1 affected significantly most of the studied traits, especially leaves K and Zn. The double interaction has a high role in seedlings growth, especially the interaction between bio fertilizer (Fulzyme) and organic fertilizer (rice residue), which affected highly in leaves N, P & Zn and the triple interference also gave a significant increase in all studied traits.

Viscosity modelling of tri-n-butyl phosphate + benzene mixtures at 308.15K

Dynamic viscosities () of a binary liquid system: Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) + benzene have been experimentally measured over the entire range (X1) of TBP at temperature 308.15K and pressure 0.1MPa. The dynamic viscosity of liquid mixtures hasbeen calculated using five mathematical relations of zero adjustable parameters such as Croenaurer-Rothfus- Kermore relation, Gambrill relation, Bingham relation, Kendall-Munroe relation and Arrhenius – Eyring relation. The validity of these relations has been verified separately by taking the average percentage deviations (APD) and root mean square deviation relative (RMSDs) between experimental and computed values and displayed graphically. Furthermore, the mixture viscosities have been correlated with those predicted one by using another six models of single and double adjustable / interaction parameters such as Grunberg-Nissan, Katti and Chaudhri, Hind, Tamura -Kurata, Heric and Eyring-Margules. A comparison between theoretical and experimental values of viscosity divulges that Gambrill’s relation predicts the data reasonably well in case of zero adjustable parameters whereas Eyring-Margules shows the best fit in case of single and double interaction parameters.

Color Stability of Ceramic Veneers Luted With Resin Cements and Pre-Heated Composites: 12 Months Follow-Up

The objective was to evaluate the color stability of ceramic veneers luted with resin cements and pre-heated composite resins (60oC) for 12 months, and determine the degree of conversion (DC) of the luting agents. Two resin cements (AllCem Veneer, light-cured (LRC) and AllCem, dual-cured (DRC)] and three composite resins [Z100 (MNCR-minifilled), Herculite Classic (MHCR-micro-hybrid) and Durafill (MCCR-microfilled)] were used for cementing 0.8-mm-thick lithium-silicate glass-ceramic laminates (Suprinity, shade B2-HT, Vita) on bovine enamel (n=10). The specimens were stored at 37oC in distilled water. CIELab parameters were determined at 24h after luting (baseline), 7, 30, 90, 180 days and 12 months. Three specimens were prepared for DC evaluation, performed by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (a=5%). For ΔEab and ΔE00, there were significant differences for luting material (p<0.001), time (p<0.001), and double interaction (p<0.001). The groups cemented with MHCR (1 year), MCCR (90 days and 1 year) and MCCR-PH (1 year) were the ones with ΔE values greater than the acceptability threshold. All other groups maintained their ΔE lower than the acceptability threshold after 1 year in distilled water. Regarding DC, there were no significant differences (p=0.127) among the materials. Non-significant negative correlations were observed between the mean ΔEab and DC (R=-0.65) and ΔE00 and DC (R=-0.64). A significant positive correlation was observed mean ΔEab and ΔE00 (R=0.99). It was concluded that the different luting agents influenced the final color of the restorations. The heating of the composite resins did not affect their DC.

The role of single inoculation and dubie and triple bacterial interaction Azospirullum brasilanse and VAM Glomuse Mossea and phosphate rock in availability NPK In the Rhizosphere Cucumber ( cucmuise stivease L. )

Use biofirtilizer forming for quantity Bacterial Azospirullum braslieanse and VAM Glomus mossea and four levels of rock phosphate ( 0 , 80, 140 , 200 Kg . ha -1) to study the single effect and double and triple interaction in the availability NPK In the Rhizosphere ( cucmuise stivease L. ) . Although the yield contains few nutrients but is considered one of the most important crops in Iraq ( 36). It is fast growing and needs high fertilization of NPK ( 38). It gave a solo biofertilizer bacterial and fungal and the level of rock phosphate 140 Kg ha -1 on characters NPK Measured in soil , achieving the highest significant increase in the values ​​of treatments 50.43 , 49.52 , 50.70 mg N .kg 1 and 16.02 , 15.51 , 16.26 mg P .kg 1 and 191.54 , 192.26 , 192.32 mg K .kg -1 On the sequence compared with Control. The results of the double interaction in bacterial with fungal , bacterial interaction with phosphate rock, and fungi interaction with phosphate rock at 140 Kg -1 .ha Increase in characters NPK Measured in soil , , As it achieved the highest significant increase in treatments values 51.04 , 52.5 , 51.41 mg N .kg - 1 16.28 , 16.47 , 16.81 mg P .kg - 1 and 192.59 , 192.24 , 193.29 mg K .kg -1 On the sequence in relation to its control. The results of the triple interaction Bacterial, fungal, and phosphate rock was given at the level of phosphate rock 140 Kg. Ha -1 increase in characters NPK Measured in soil , if triple interaction achieves the highest significant increase in the values ​​of treatments 52 . 84 mg N .kg - 1 and 16.92 mg P .kg m - 1 and 193.29 mg K .kg m - 1 On the sequence in relation to its control. The results showed that the triple interaction ( A. braslieanse + Glomeas mossea + Phosphate rock ) at level 140 Kg . Ha -1 Phosphate rock gave the highest significant increase in the values ​​of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil of the plastic house . As the interaction between these microorganisms was positive and the impact of living one on the other was a catalyst in the increase of availability NPK .

A Double Interaction Brush Model for Snow Conditions

ABSTRACT Commonly used tire models for vehicle-handling simulations are derived from the assumption of a flat and solid surface. Snow surfaces are nonsolid and may move under the tire. This results in inaccurate tire models and simulation results that are too far from the true phenomena. This article describes a physically motivated tire model that takes the effect of snow shearing into account. The brush tire model approach is used to describe an additional interaction between the packed snow in tire tread pattern voids with the snow road surface. Fewer parameters and low complexity make it suitable for real-time applications. The presented model is compared with test track tire measurements from a large set of different tires. Results suggest higher accuracy compared with conventional tire models. Moreover, the model is also proven to be capable of correctly predicting the self-aligning torque given the force characteristics.

Alternative Ultrasound-Assisted Method for the Extraction of the Bioactive Compounds Present in Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.)

The bioactive compounds in myrtle berries, such as phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, have shown a potentially positive effect on human health. Efficient extraction methods are to be used to obtain maximum amounts of such beneficial compounds from myrtle. For that reason, this study evaluates the effectiveness of a rapid ultrasound-assisted method (UAE) to extract anthocyanins and phenolic compounds from myrtle berries. The influence of solvent composition, as well as pH, temperature, ultrasound amplitude, cycle and solvent-sample ratio on the total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins content in the extracts obtained were evaluated. The response variables were optimized by means of a Box-Behnken design. It was found that the double interaction of the methanol composition and the cycle, the interaction between methanol composition and temperature, and the interaction between the cycle and solvent-sample ratio were the most influential variables on the extraction of total phenolic compounds (92.8% methanol in water, 0.2 s of cycle, 60 °C and 10:0.5 mL:g). The methanol composition and the interaction between methanol composition and pH were the most influential variables on the extraction of anthocyanins (74.1% methanol in water at pH 7). The methods that have been developed presented high repeatability and intermediate precision (RSD < 5%) and the bioactive compounds show a high recovery with short extraction times. Both methods were used to analyze the composition of the bioactive compounds in myrtle berries collected from different locations in the province of Cadiz (Spain). The results obtained by UAE were compared to those achieved in a previous study where microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) methods were employed. Similar extraction yields were obtained for phenolic compounds and anthocyanins by MAE and UAE under optimal conditions. However, UAE presents the advantage of using milder conditions for the extraction of anthocyanins from myrtle, which makes of this a more suitable method for the extraction of these degradable compounds.

Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes and Their Association with Lipid Profile in Mexican People without Cardiovascular Disease: An Analysis of Interactions

Dyslipidemia and oxidative stress are both considered to be factors involved in cardiovascular disease; however, the relationship between them has been little explored. In this work, we studied the association between the lipid profile and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as paraoxonase-1 (PON1), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), ceruloplasmin, and catalase, as well as total antioxidant capacity (the ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)), in 626 volunteers without cardiovascular disease. Their lipid profile was evaluated, and they were classified as having or not having high triglycerides (↑TG), high low-density cholesterol (↑LDLC), and low high-density cholesterol (↓HDLC), resulting in eight groups: Without dyslipidemia, ↑TG, ↑LDLC, ↓HDLC, ↑TG↑LDLC, ↑TG↓HDLC, ↑LDLC↓HDLC, and ↑TG↑LDLC↓HDLC. When comparisons by group were made, no significant differences in the activity of antioxidant enzymes were obtained. However, the linear regression analysis considering the potential interactions between ↑TG, ↑LDLC, and ↓HDLC suggested a triple interaction between the three lipid profile alterations on the activity of PON1 and a double interaction between ↑TG and ↑LDLC on ferroxidase-ceruloplasmin activity. The analysis presented in this work showed an association between the lipid profile and antioxidant-enzyme activity and highlighted the importance of considering the interactions between the components of a phenomenon instead of studying them individually. Longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the nature of these associations.

The final girl on the freeway: Adaptation and appropriation of a fairy tale

Fairy tales and their adaptations transgress established social, cultural and temporal boundaries. This paper examines Matthew Bright’s Freeway (1996), an adaptation of Little Red Riding Hood that deliberately mirrors this transgression by setting the film within the generic type of horror cinema. In choosing this mode, Bright partly restores the fairy tale to its original purpose, once existing as a folktale full of high melodrama, but goes further, criticising the text of ‘known pattern’ and overhauling it to a story in which an innocent female under attack restores her own equilibrium: in effect, deploying the ‘final girl’ trope that is common in slasher movies. Freeway uses its adaptive status to radically reinterpret the source text, fomenting its oppositional assault through a genre most suited to subversion. Through textual analysis, the paper examines how Bright harnesses the potential of the cinematographic medium through a double interaction, one that not only allows a coded opening of the internal, intertextual space of the adaptation, but also an antagonistic encounter rooted in the context of horror cinema.

Uso de practica en bloque y aleatoria en el desempeño de lanzar por encima del hombro en adultos (Random and blocked practice in overarm throw performance in adults)

Resumen. El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar si la práctica en bloque o aleatoria facilita el desempeño del patrón de lanzar por encima del hombro en adultos. Un total de 55 participantes (edad promedio 19 ± 2 años) fueron asignados aleatoriamente a uno de tres grupos (control, práctica en bloque, práctica aleatoria). Los participantes asistieron a un total de seis sesiones experimentales y realizaron un total de 360 intentos. Después de aplicar un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) de 3 vías mixto [Grupo (3) x Sexo (2) x Medición (2)] con medidas repetidas en el último factor. Se encontró una interacción doble significativa de grupo x medición, el análisis pos-hoc indicó que ambos grupos experimentales mejoraron significativamente en el desempeño de la destreza y que ambos grupos presentan mejor desempeño que el grupo control en el postest. Adicionalmente, se encontró una diferencia significativa en el factor de sexo, lo que indica que los hombres presentan un mejor desempeño en comparación con las mujeres. Se concluye que el uso de la práctica en bloque y aleatoria promueven el desempeño del patrón de lanzar por encima del hombro en adultos. Se recomienda evaluar la fase de retención y realizar una medición de trasferencia con el fin de comprobar el aprendizaje de la destreza. Además, se recomienda, considerar otras variables como la habilidad del participante y la edad, para conocer el alcance la práctica aleatoria y en bloque en el aprendizaje de la destreza.Abstract. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of random and blocked practice in the performance of overarm throw in adults. A total of 55 participants (mean age 19± 2 yr.) were randomly assigned to one of three groups (control, blocked practice, or random practice). After six sessions of practice (for a total of 360 trials), a 3 way ANOVA [Group(3) x Gender(2) x Test(2)] results showed no triple interaction. A double interaction was found for Group by Test. Post-hoc analysis showed that the two experimental groups significantly improved in performance during acquisition phase, and both groups were significantly better than the control group in the acquisition phase. Also, a main effect for Gender was found, showing that men performed better than women. Therefore, performance of overarm throw benefits from random and blocked practice at the acquisition phase. We recommend evaluating retention and transferring phase to asses learning of the skill. Also, consider other variables as participants’ skill level, age, and others, for a better understanding of both types of practice used.