Experimental Investigation of Flow Resistance and Wall Shear Stress in the Interior Subchannel of a Triangular Array of Parallel Rods

1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fakory ◽  
N. Todreas
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Friction Factor ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Triangular Array ◽  
Flow Area ◽  
Static Pressure Distribution ◽  
The Common ◽  
Wall Shear

A simulated model of a triangular array of rods with pitch to diameter ratio of 1.1 with air flow was used to study the hydraulic parameters of the liquid metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) fuel geometry. The wall shear stress distribution, static pressure distribution, turbulence intensity, and friction factor were measured in the central subchannel from Reynolds numbers of 4 × 103 to 36 × 103. Our results show that the maximum wall shear stress occurs at the largest flow area, the static pressure is not uniform around the rod periphery, there is no detectable presence of secondary flow from the wall shear stress measurements, and the friction factor derived from the measured wall shear stress is less than the common friction factor derived from pressure drop measurement.

Preston-Static Tubes for the Measurement of Wall Shear Stress

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Daniel Ackerman ◽  
Louis Wong ◽  
C. Ross Ethier ◽  
D. Grant Allen ◽  
Jan K. Spelt
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Convenient Method ◽  
Pipe Flow ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Streamline Curvature ◽  
Syringe Needle ◽  
Wall Shear

We present a Preston tube device that combines both total and static pressure readings for the measurement of wall shear stress. As such, the device facilitates the measurement of wall shear stress under conditions where there is streamline curvature and/or over surfaces on which it is difficult to either manufacture an array of static-pressure taps or to position a single tap. Our “Preston-static” device is easily and conveniently constructed from commercially available regular and side-bored syringe needles. The pressure difference between the total pressure measured in the regular syringe needle and the static pressure measured in the side-bored one is used to determine the wall shear stress. Wall shear stresses measured in pipe flow were consistent with independently determined values and values obtained using a conventional Preston tube. These results indicate that Preston-static tubes provide a reliable and convenient method of measuring wall shear stress.

An Experimental Study of Local Wall Shear Stress, Surface Static Pressure, and Flow Visualization Upstream, Alongside, and Downstream of a Blade Endwall Corner

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Abdulla ◽  
R. K. Bhargava ◽  
R. Raj
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Flow Visualization ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Chord Length ◽  
Corner Region ◽  
Wall Shear ◽  
Blade Leading Edge

The experimental study reported in this paper was performed to acquire information on the distribution of wall shear stress and surface static pressure in a blade endwall corner. The blade endwall corner region investigated was divided into three sections: 0.4 chord length upstream of the blade leading edge, inside the endwall corner region, and one chord length downstream of the blade trailing edge. The maximum increases in the values of wall shear stress were found to exist on the endwall, in the corner region, between the blade leading edge and the location of maximum blade thickness (≈ 140 percent maximum increase, compared to its far upstream value, at x/D = 6). Surface flow visualization defined the boundaries of the vortex system and provided information on the direction and magnitude of the wall shear stress. The acquired results indicated that the observed variations of wall shear stress and surface static pressure were significantly influenced by the interaction of secondary flows with pressure gradients induced by the presence of blade curvature.

Simplification of the Razor Blade Technique and its Application to the Measurement of Wall-Shear Stress in Wall-Jet Flows

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Pai ◽  
J. H. Whitelaw
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Jet Flows ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Wall Jet ◽  
Razor Blade ◽  
Law Of The Wall ◽  
Wall Shear ◽  
Secondary Injection

SummaryExperiments in a in (6-35 mm) channel have yielded further information on the precision and convenience of the razor blade technique. It is shown that adhesive tape or carefully located cement can be used to secure a segment of razor blade over a static pressure hole: the resulting calibration for shear stress remains valid if the blade is removed and relocated over the same or a different, similar sized hole. Razor blade segments, calibrated in this manner, have been used to measure wall-shear stress in a turbulent boundary layer with tangential, secondary injection: the results indicate that V. C. Patel’s law of the wall is valid for such flows.

Shear Induced Removal of Calcium Carbonate Scale From Polypropylene and Copper Tubes

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Royer ◽  
Jane H. Davidson ◽  
Lorraine F. Francis ◽  
Susan C. Mantell
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Solar Absorbers ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Wall Shear ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Scale

This paper presents an analytical model and experimental study of adhesion and fluid shear removal of calcium carbonate scale on polypropylene and copper tubes in laminar and turbulent water flows, with a view toward understanding how scale can be controlled in solar absorbers and heat exchangers. The tubes are first coated with scale and then inserted in a flow through apparatus. Removal is measured gravimetrically for Reynolds numbers from 525 to 5550, corresponding to wall shear stresses from 0.16 to 6.0 Pa. The evolutionary structure of the scale is visualized with scanning electron microscopy. Consistent with the predictive model, calcium carbonate is more easily removed from polypropylene than copper. In a laminar flow with a wall shear stress of 0.16 Pa, 65% of the scale is removed from polypropylene while only 10% is removed from copper. Appreciable removal of scale from copper requires higher shear stresses. At Reynolds number of 5500, corresponding to a wall shear stress of 6.0 Pa, 30% of the scale is removed from the copper tubes. The results indicate scale will be more easily removed from polypropylene, and by inference other polymeric materials, than copper by flushing with water.

The Effect of Asymmetry in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Under Physiologically Realistic Pulsatile Flow Conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Finol ◽  
K. Keyhani ◽  
C. H. Amon
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Pulsatile Flow ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Pulsatile Blood Flow ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Wall Shear

In the abdominal segment of the human aorta under a patient’s average resting conditions, pulsatile blood flow exhibits complex laminar patterns with secondary flows induced by adjacent branches and irregular vessel geometries. The flow dynamics becomes more complex when there is a pathological condition that causes changes in the normal structural composition of the vessel wall, for example, in the presence of an aneurysm. This work examines the hemodynamics of pulsatile blood flow in hypothetical three-dimensional models of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Numerical predictions of blood flow patterns and hemodynamic stresses in AAAs are performed in single-aneurysm, asymmetric, rigid wall models using the finite element method. We characterize pulsatile flow dynamics in AAAs for average resting conditions by means of identifying regions of disturbed flow and quantifying the disturbance by evaluating flow-induced stresses at the aneurysm wall, specifically wall pressure and wall shear stress. Physiologically realistic abdominal aortic blood flow is simulated under pulsatile conditions for the range of time-average Reynolds numbers 50⩽Rem⩽300, corresponding to a range of peak Reynolds numbers 262.5⩽Repeak⩽1575. The vortex dynamics induced by pulsatile flow in AAAs is depicted by a sequence of four different flow phases in one period of the cardiac pulse. Peak wall shear stress and peak wall pressure are reported as a function of the time-average Reynolds number and aneurysm asymmetry. The effect of asymmetry in hypothetically shaped AAAs is to increase the maximum wall shear stress at peak flow and to induce the appearance of secondary flows in late diastole.

Turbulent Flow in Longitudinally Finned Tubes

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Edwards ◽  
A. Hirsa ◽  
M. K. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Friction Factor ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Core Region ◽  
Smooth Tube ◽  
Finned Tubes ◽  
The Mean

An experimental investigation of fully developed, steady, turbulent flow in longitudinally finned tubes has been performed. A two-channel, four-beam, laser-Doppler velocimeter was used to measure velocity profiles and turbulent statistics of air flow seeded with titanium dioxide particles. Mean velocities in axial, radial, and circumferential directions were measured over the tube cross sections and pressure drop in the tubes was measured at six stations along the test section length in order to calculate the fully developed friction factor. Four experimental tube geometries were studied: one smooth tube; two 8-finned tubes (fin height-to-radius ratios of 0.333 and 0.167), and one 16-finned tube (fin height-to-radius ratio of 0.167); Detailed measurements were taken at air flow rates corresponding to Reynolds numbers of approximately 5000, 25,000, and 50,000. Friction factor data were compared to literature results and showed good agreement for both smooth and finned tubes. The wall shear stress distribution varied significantly with Reynolds number, particularly for Reynolds numbers of 25,000 and below. Maximum wall shear stress was found at the fin tip and minimum at the fin root. Four secondary flow cells were detected per fin (one in each interfin spacing and one in each core region for each fin); secondary flows were found to be small in comparison to the mean axial flow and relative magnitudes were unaffected by axial flow rate at Reynolds numbers above 25,000. The fluctuating velocities had a structure similar to that of the smooth tube in the core region while the turbulence in the interfin region was greatly reduced. The principal, primary shear stress distribution differed considerably from that of the smooth tube, particularly in the interfin region, and the orientation was found to be approximately in the same direction as the gradient of the mean axial velocity, supporting the use of an eddy viscosity formulation in turbulence modeling.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document