A Miniature Robotic-Assisted Tool for Large Area Endomicroscopy Scanning

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Wang ◽  
Derui Kong ◽  
Siyang Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Margin Assessment ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Surgical Guidance ◽  
Tissue Identification ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Thyroid Gland Tissue ◽  
Small Field Of View

Abstract Recent developments in probe-based optical imaging tools such as confocal endomicroscopy have been demonstrated to be powerful techniques that can provide high-resolution in vivo morphological images at cellular and subcellular levels. Such tools may aid in real-time assessment of cancerous tissue and can also be used for intraoperative surgical guidance. However, it is a challenge to scan over a large area due to the small field-of-view and the difficulties associated with manually manipulating the probe. In this paper, a hand-held miniature scanning device for controlled, large area imaging is proposed. The device can scan target surfaces automatically. A passive linear mechanism is used to maintain good probe–tissue contacts. The results demonstrated that large area mosaics up to 31.4 mm2 can be obtained. The experimental results for ex vivo human thyroid gland tissue have shown the potential of the device for improving the prospects of intraoperative tissue identification and margin assessment.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Detection of Neurotransmitters

Chemosensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Si ◽  
Edward Song
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
In Vivo Detection ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Materials Used

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that act as messengers in the synaptic transmission process. They are essential for human health and any imbalance in their activities can cause serious mental disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease. Hence, monitoring the concentrations of various neurotransmitters is of great importance in studying and diagnosing such mental illnesses. Recently, many researchers have explored the use of unique materials for developing biosensors for both in vivo and ex vivo neurotransmitter detection. A combination of nanomaterials, polymers, and biomolecules were incorporated to implement such sensor devices. For in vivo detection, electrochemical sensing has been commonly applied, with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry being the most promising technique to date, due to the advantages such as easy miniaturization, simple device architecture, and high sensitivity. However, the main challenges for in vivo electrochemical neurotransmitter sensors are limited target selectivity, large background signal and noise, and device fouling and degradation over time. Therefore, achieving simultaneous detection of multiple neurotransmitters in real time with long-term stability remains the focus of research. The purpose of this review paper is to summarize the recently developed sensing techniques with the focus on neurotransmitters as the target analyte, and to discuss the outlook of simultaneous detection of multiple neurotransmitter species. This paper is organized as follows: firstly, the common materials used for developing neurotransmitter sensors are discussed. Secondly, several sensor surface modification approaches to enhance sensing performance are reviewed. Finally, we discuss recent developments in the simultaneous detection capability of multiple neurotransmitters.

scholarly journals FLAME: Macroscopic imaging with microscopic resolution. Optical biopsy of human skin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Fast ◽  
Akarsh Lal ◽  
Amanda F. Durkin ◽  
Christopher B. Zachary ◽  
Anand K. Ganesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Optical Biopsy ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Imaging Tool

AbstractWe introduce a compact, fast large area multiphoton exoscope (FLAME) system with enhanced molecular contrast for macroscopic imaging of human skin with microscopic resolution. A versatile imaging platform with multiple modes of operation for comprehensive analysis of live or resected thick human skin tissue, it produces 3D images that encompass sub-mm2 to cm2 scale areas of tissue within minutes. The FLAME imaging platform, which expands on a design recently introduced by our group, features deep learning, additional scanning hardware elements and time-resolved single photon counting detection to uniquely allow fast discrimination and 3D virtual staining of melanin. We demonstrate its performance and utility by fast ex vivo and in vivo imaging of human skin. With the ability to provide rapid access to depth resolved images of skin over cm2 area and to generate 3D distribution maps of key sub-cellular skin components such as melanocytic dendrites and melanin, FLAME represents a promising imaging tool for enhancing diagnosis accuracy, guiding therapy and understanding skin biology.

scholarly journals Building neuromuscular junctions in vitro

Development ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (22) ◽  
pp. dev193920
Author(s):  
Susie Barbeau ◽  
Julie Tahraoui-Bories ◽  
Claire Legay ◽  
Cécile Martinat
Keyword(s):  
Human Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Chemical Synapses ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACTThe neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has been the model of choice to understand the principles of communication at chemical synapses. Following groundbreaking experiments carried out over 60 years ago, many studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and physiology of these synapses. This Review summarizes the progress made to date towards obtaining faithful models of NMJs in vitro. We provide a historical approach discussing initial experiments investigating NMJ development and function from Xenopus to mice, the creation of chimeric co-cultures, in vivo approaches and co-culture methods from ex vivo and in vitro derived cells, as well as the most recent developments to generate human NMJs. We discuss the benefits of these techniques and the challenges to be addressed in the future for promoting our understanding of development and human disease.

scholarly journals Nonscanning large-area Raman imaging for ex vivo/in vivo skin cancer discrimination

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmar Schmälzlin ◽  
Benito Moralejo ◽  
Ingo Gersonde ◽  
Johannes Schleusener ◽  
Maxim E. Darvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Raman Imaging ◽  
Large Area

scholarly journals Dual in vivo Photoacoustic and Fluorescence Imaging of HER2 Expression in Breast Tumors for Diagnosis, Margin Assessment, and Surgical Guidance

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7290.2014.00043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azusa Maeda ◽  
Jiachuan Bu ◽  
Juan Chen ◽  
Gang Zheng ◽  
Ralph S. DaCosta
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Her2 Expression ◽  
Margin Assessment ◽  
Surgical Guidance

scholarly journals Fast, large area multiphoton exoscope (FLAME) for macroscopic imaging with microscopic resolution of human skin

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Fast ◽  
Akarsh Lal ◽  
Amanda F. Durkin ◽  
Griffin Lentsch ◽  
Ronald M. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Molecular Contrast

Abstract We introduce a compact, fast large area multiphoton exoscope (FLAME) system with enhanced molecular contrast for macroscopic imaging of human skin with microscopic resolution. A versatile imaging platform, FLAME combines optical and mechanical scanning mechanisms with deep learning image restoration to produce depth-resolved images that encompass sub-mm2 to cm2 scale areas of tissue within minutes and provide means for a comprehensive analysis of live or resected thick human skin tissue. The FLAME imaging platform, which expands on a design recently introduced by our group, also features time-resolved single photon counting detection to uniquely allow fast discrimination and 3D virtual staining of melanin. We demonstrate its performance and utility by fast ex vivo and in vivo imaging of human skin. With the ability to provide rapid access to depth resolved images of skin over cm2 area and to generate 3D distribution maps of key sub-cellular skin components such as melanocytic dendrites and melanin, FLAME is ready to be translated into a clinical imaging tool for enhancing diagnosis accuracy, guiding therapy and understanding skin biology.

scholarly journals 584 Novel Methods of Detecting Tumour Margins in Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Perrott ◽  
A Patil ◽  
D Elson ◽  
C Peters
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Resection Margins ◽  
R0 Resection ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Margin Assessment ◽  
Gi Cancers

Abstract Aim Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for 26% of global cancer incidence with prevalence projected to rise exponentially due to the ageing population and lifestyle choices. Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment to remove the cancer in its entirety to achieve an R0 resection. Positive margins, when cancerous tissue has been left in situ, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Current margin assessment involves histopathological analysis, after resection of the specimen. Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) and Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) are novel imaging techniques that have the potential to provide real-time assessment of cancer margins intra-operatively to reduce the incidence of positive resection margins and improve patient outcomes. The aim of this review is to assess the current state of evidence for the use of novel imaging techniques in GI cancer margin assessment. Method A literature review was conducted of studies using DRS and HSI in GI cancers in adult patients, published from inception to October 2020. Results A total of 15 studies were analysed, nine of which used DRS and six used HSI and the majority of studies were performed ex-vivo. Current image acquisition techniques and processing algorithms vary greatly. The sensitivity and specificity of DRS ranged from 0.90-0.98 and 0.88-0.95 respectively and for HSI 0.63-0.98 and 0.69-0.98, respectively across five types of GI cancers. Conclusions DRS and HSI are novel imaging techniques, currently in their infancy but the outlook is promising. With further research focused on standardising methodology and in-vivo settings, DRS and HSI could transform intra-operative margin assessment in GI cancers.

Ultrastructural modification of cellular interactions in cancer tumor

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
N. P. Dmitrieva
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Adjacent Cell ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cancer Tumor ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Characteristic Features

One of the most characteristic features of cancer cells is their ability to metastasia. It is suggested that the modifications of the structure and properties of cancer cells surfaces play the main role in this process. The present work was aimed at finding out what ultrastructural features apear in tumor in vivo which removal of individual cancer cells from the cell population can provide. For this purpose the cellular interactions in the normal human thyroid and cancer tumor of this gland electron microscopic were studied. The tissues were fixed in osmium tetroxide and were embedded in Araldite-Epon.In normal human thyroid the most common type of intercellular contacts was represented by simple junction formed by the parallelalignment of adjacent cell membranees leaving in between an intermembranes space 15-20 nm filled with electronlucid material (Fig. 1a). Sometimes in the basal part of cells dilatations of the intercellular space 40-50 nm wide were found (Fig. 1a). Here the cell surfaces may form single short microvilli.

The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giuseppa Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.

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