Microscopic Spray Characteristics of Biodiesels Derived From Karanja, Jatropha, and Waste Cooking Oils

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chetankumar Patel ◽  
Joonsik Hwang ◽  
Choongsik Bae ◽  
Rashmi A. Agarwal ◽  
Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Spray Droplets

Abstract This study aims to assess the microscopic characteristics of Jatropha, Karanja, and Waste cooking oil-based biodiesels vis-a-vis conventional diesel under different ambient conditions in order to understand the in-cylinder processes, while using biodiesels produced from different feedstocks in the compression ignition engines. All test-fuels were injected in ambient atmosphere using a common-rail direct injection (CRDI) fuel injection system at a fuel injection pressure (FIP) of 40 MPa. Microscopic spray characteristics were measured using phase Doppler interferometer (PDI) in the axial direction of the spray at a distance of 60–90 mm downstream of the nozzle and at 0 to 3-mm distance from the central axis in the radial direction. All biodiesels exhibited relatively larger Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of the spray droplets and higher droplet velocities compared to baseline mineral diesel, possibly due to relatively higher fuel viscosity and surface tension of biodiesels. It was also observed that SMD of the spray droplets decreased with increasing distance in the radial and axial directions and the same trend was observed for all test-fuels.

Analysis of Fuel Injection Parameter on Biodiesel and Diesel Spray Characteristics Using Common Rail System

2014 ◽  
Vol 974 ◽  
pp. 362-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Khalid ◽  
Azwan Sapit ◽  
M.N. Anuar ◽  
Him Ramsy ◽  
Bukhari Manshoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Ignition Process ◽  
Mixture Formation ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Penetration Length

Precise control of fuel injection is essential in modern diesel engines especially in controlling the precise injection quantity, flexible injection timing, flexible rate of injection with multiple injections and high injection pressures. It was known that the fuel-air mixing is mainly influenced by the fuel injection system and injector nozzle characteristics. Thus, mixture formation during ignition process associated with the exhaust emissions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of spray characteristics on the mixture formation. In this study, common rail injector systems with different model of injector were used to simulate the actual mixture formation inside the engine chamber. The optical visualization system was constructed with a digital video camera in order to investigate the detailed behavior of mixture formation. This method can capture spray penetration length, spray angle, spray evaporation and mixture formation process clearly. The spray characteristic such as the penetration length, spray angle and spray area are increasing when the injection pressure increased. The mixture formation can be improved effectively by increasing the injection pressure.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Spray Characteristics of Water in Port Fuel Injection Injector

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Park ◽  
Lee ◽  
Park
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Spray Tip Penetration ◽  
Port Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Quantity ◽  
Spray Droplets ◽  
Spray Visualization

The objective of this study was to compare the injection and spray characteristics of water with n-heptane using a port fuel injection (PFI) system. In this study, the injection pressure was changed to 0.3–0.9 Mpa and the energizing duration was changed to 0.5–4 ms. To investigate spray characteristics, the injection quantities of n-heptane and water were measured. Macroscopic spray characteristics were determined through spray visualization. The Sauter mean diameter (SMD) and velocity of spray droplets were measured with a phase Doppler anemometry (PDA) experiment. Spray tip penetration, spray angle, SMD of droplets, and spray droplet velocity were compared. As the injection pressure increased, the injection quantity and the droplets velocity increased. However, the spray tip penetration, SMD of the droplet, and the spray angle decreased. The increase in energizing duration led to an increase in the injection quantity without affecting other spray characteristics. The higher density of water also increased injection quantity, resulting in a decrease in spray tip penetration and increases of SMD and velocity of spray droplets due to high viscosity and surface tension of water.

scholarly journals Organization of Six-Cylinder Tractor Diesel Working Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-433
Author(s):  
G. M. Kuharonak ◽  
M. Klesso ◽  
A. Predko ◽  
D. Telyuk
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Fuel Injection System ◽  
Rotary Valve ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Common Rail System

The purpose of the work is to consider the organization of the working process of six-cylinder diesel engines with a power of 116 and 156 kW and exhaust gas recirculation. The following systems and components were used in the experimental configurations of the engine: Common Rail BOSСH accumulator fuel injection system with an injection pressure of 140 MPa, equipped with electro-hydraulic injectors with seven-hole nozzle and a 500 mm3 hydraulic flow; direct fuel injection system with MOTORPAL fuel pump with a maximum injection pressure of 100 MPa, equipped with MOTORPAL and AZPI five-hole nozzle injectors; two combustion chambers with volumes of 55 and 56 cm3 and bowl diameters of 55.0 and 67.5 mm, respectively; cylinder heads providing a 3.0–4.0 swirl ratio for Common Rail system, 3.5–4.5 for mechanical injection system. The recirculation rate was set by gas throttling before the turbine using a rotary valve of an original design. The tests have been conducted at characteristic points of the NRSC cycle: minimum idle speed 800 rpm, maximum torque speed 1600 rpm, rated power speed 2100 rpm. It has been established that it is possible to achieve the standards of emissions of harmful substances: on the 116 kW diesel engine using of direct-action fuel equipment and a semi-open combustion chamber; on the 156 kW diesel using Common Rail fuel supply system of the Low Cost type and an open combustion chamber.

Experimental investigation of dwell time characteristics in high-pressure double-solenoid-valve fuel injection system

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (13) ◽  
pp. 3281-3292
Author(s):  
Dan Xu ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Xiaodong An ◽  
Baigang Sun ◽  
Dongwei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Solenoid Valve ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Fuel Injection System ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Main Injection ◽  
Injection Interval ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Variation Rule

The double-solenoid-valve fuel injection system consists of an electronic unit pump and an electronic injector. It can realize the separate control of fuel supply and injection and has the advantages of adjusting pressure by cycle and flexible controlling of the injection rate. The interval angle between the pilot and main injection directly affects the action degree and the characteristics of two adjacent injections, affecting engine performance. This work realizes multiple injection processes on the test platform of a high-pressure double-solenoid-valve fuel injection system, with maximum injection pressure reaching 200 MPa. In this study, the interval between driven current signal of pilot injection termination and that of main injection initiation is defined as the signal interval (DT1), whereas the interval between pilot injection termination and main injection initiation is defined as the injection interval (DT2). The differences between the signal and the injection intervals are calculated, and the variation rule of the difference with respect to the signal interval is analyzed. Results show that the variation rule of the difference with the signal interval first decreases, then increases, and finally decreases. The variation rule of the delay angle from the start of needle movement to the start of fuel injection is found to be the root cause of this rule. The influence of the injection pressure on needle deformation and fuel flow rate of the nozzle results in the variation rule. In addition, the influence of the cam speed, temperature, and pipe length on the difference between the signal and injection interval is determined. This research provides guidance for an optimal control strategy of the fuel injection process.

Effect of Swirl Ratio and Injection Pressure on Autoignition, Combustion and Emissions in a High Speed Direct Injection Diesel Engine Fuelled With Biodiesel (B-20)

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Nagaraju ◽  
Mufaddel Dahodwala ◽  
Kaushik Acharya ◽  
Walter Bryzik ◽  
Naeim A. Henein
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Combustible Mixture ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Ignition Process ◽  
Swirl Ratio ◽  
Mixture Formation ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Biodiesel has different physical and chemical properties than ultra low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD). The low volatility of biodiesel is expected to affect the physical processes, mainly fuel evaporation and combustible mixture formation. The higher cetane number of biodiesel is expected to affect the rates of the chemical reactions. The combination of these two fuel properties has an impact on the auto ignition process, subsequently combustion and engine out emissions. Applying different swirl ratios and injection pressures affect both the physical and chemical processes. The focus of this paper is to investigate the effect of varying the swirl ratio and injection pressure in a single-cylinder research diesel engine using a blend of biodiesel and ULSD fuel. The engine is a High Speed Direct Injection (HSDI) equipped with a common rail injection system, EGR system and a swirl control mechanism. The engine is operated under simulated turbocharged conditions with 3 bar Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP) at 1500 rpm, using 100% ULSD and a blend of 20% biodiesel and 80% ULSD fuel. The biodiesel is developed from soy bean oil. A detailed analysis of the apparent rate of heat release (ARHR) is made to determine the role of the biodiesel component of B-20 in the combustible mixture formation, autoignition process, premixed, mixing controlled and diffusion controlled combustion fractions. The results explain the factors that cause an increase or a drop in NOx emissions reported in the literature when using biodiesel.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document