Preparation of Activated Coke by One-step Activation Method, Ammonization and K2CO3 Modification of Coal and Biomass

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Shaofeng Xu ◽  
Minghua Li ◽  
Yukun Li ◽  
Xiaohan Ren ◽  
Wenkun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Activation Method ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
One Step ◽  
Activated Coke ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract Coal and biomass are regularly used in the preparation of activated coke. In this paper, coal and biomass (poplar bark) were co-pyrolyzed, and activated coke was prepared by physical “one-step activation”, followed by ammonization and additional activation by potassium carbonate (K2CO3). The activation temperature was set at 800 °C, the time was 60 min, and the activation atmosphere contained 10% steam and 20% CO2 by volume in nitrogen. The physical and chemical properties of activated coke prepared by “one-step activation method” and “two-step activation method” were compared. The mole fraction of ammonia was 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% respectively and the concentration of K2CO3 solution was 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% respectively. It is found that the addition of ammonia can improve physical and chemical properties and adsorption capacity of activated coke, but the increase of ammonia mole fraction has little effect on the activation reaction. The physical and chemical structure of activated coke impregnated with 3% K2CO3 solution was found to be well developed. The surface of the produced activated coke prepared by the above activation methods has abundant microporous structure and organic functional groups, hence the final product is suitable to be used as adsorbent in practical applications.

Salting-out and salting-in experiments with lignosulfonates (LSs)

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernt O. Myrvold
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Common Ion ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Ion Effect ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract The solubility of lignosulfonates (LSs) in water is strongly dependent on other ions present in the water phase. The differences in the solubility might strongly influence the measurements of the physical and chemical properties of the LS molecules. A reduced solubility of the LS might also affect its utility in many practical applications. The understanding of the interaction between LSs and various salts is important for both practical and theoretical reasons. Therefore, the effect of salt concentrations on the LS has been investigated for 41 different salts with 14 different cations and 16 different anions. The observations cannot be explained by the common ion effect or the screening effects. On the contrary, it was found that the stability of LS solutions follows the Hofmeister series, with the exception of those ions that will chemically interact with the LS molecule. Moreover, the positions of phosphate (HPO42-) and sulfate (SO42-) ions were reversed.

Preparation of Novel Amino-Functionalized Ionic Liquids and their Application

2010 ◽  
Vol 156-157 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Bao You Liu ◽  
Yuan Yuan Wang ◽  
Fu Xiang Wei ◽  
Hong Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
One Step ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
High Absorption ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Four novel amino-functionalized ionic liquids were prepared with high yield (80%-90%) in a simple, straightforward, one-step synthetic method; their structures were characterized by IR, UV, and NMR, their important physical and chemical properties have been detected. According to the research of their application in absorbing SO2, these ionic liquids can act as promising perfect adsorbents with the advantages of high absorption efficiency (1.06-2.50 of the MR ratio), with high desorption efficiency of 90%-100%. In addition, it was found that these ionic liquids could be reused without significant loss of reactivity; these ionic liquids were valuable for academic and industrial application.

Research on the Bioavailability of Cd in Ilex kudingcha C. J. Tseng Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Zhen Ya Jia ◽  
Sheng Xu Luo ◽  
Hui Yan ◽  
Ya Juan Wang ◽  
Yang Yang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Volatile Phenol ◽  
One Step ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In Hainan ChengMai Kudingcha Plantation, soil, roots, leaves of Ilex kudingcha C. J. Tseng were obtained from 11 sampling points as “S” and analyzed for Cd and physical and chemical properties of soil, then the concentration and mobility of Cd in tea trees-soil was studied. The speciation of Cd in soil were analyzed by BCR three stage sequential extraction procedure and one-step extraction. Method characterized Bioavailability of Cd in Ilex kudingcha C. J. Tseng were established through the correlation analysis of Cd speciation in soil to Cd content in leaves and the influence of physical and chemical properties of soil to Bioavailability of Cd in soil was discussed. Results of this study showed that: The majority of Cd in soil was transferred to plant as the strong enrichment of Ilex kudingcha C. J. Tseng Trees, The Cd content distribution was: roots > leaves >>rhizosphere soil; According to the correlation analysis, （F1）、（F1+F2） and Cd-HCl extraction were used to characterize the Bioavailability of Cd in soil due to complex soil environment. The order of physical and chemical properties of soil which affected Bioavailability of Cd was: pH>Eh>organic matter>moisture>volatile phenol, that is to say, lower pH, higher Eh, organic matter, moisture, volatile phenol was in favor of reducing the Bioavailability of Cd and Cd accumulation in tea.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

Response of corn (Zea mays L.) to various organic-based fertilizers in marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Loreme Cagande ◽  
Othello Capuno
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Organic farming is one of the management strategies that improve productivity of marginal uplands. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate effects of various organic-based fertilizers on the growth and yield of corn; (2) determine the appropriate combination for optimum yield; and (3) assess changes on the soil physical and chemical properties. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely; T0=(0-0-0); T1=1t ha-1 Evans + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2=t ha-1 Wellgrow + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3=15t ha-1 chicken dung; T4=10t ha-1 chicken dung + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5=15t ha-1 Vermicast; and T6=10t ha-1 Vermicast + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of organic-based fertilizers with or without inorganic fertilizers promoted growth of corn than the control. But due to high infestation of corn silk beetle(Monolepta bifasciata Horns), its grain yield was greatly affected. In the second cropping, except for Evans, any of these fertilizers applied alone or combined with 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 appeared appropriate in increasing corn earyield. Soil physical and chemical properties changed with addition of organic fertilizers. While bulk density decreased irrespective of treatments, pH, total N, available P and exchangeable K generally increased more with chicken dung application.

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