The Effect of Treated High-Vanadium Fuel on Gas Turbine Load, Efficiency, and Life

1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce O. Buckland
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Vanadium Content ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Load Variations ◽  
Compressor Inlet

Tests were run on four inter-cooled regenerative high-temperature gas turbines of like design to measure the effect of burning several different residual fuels. Some of the tests were made with the help and co-operation of the Central Vermont Public Service Corporation on two of their units at Rutland, Vermont. Other tests were made at Bangor, Maine, with the help and co-operation of The Esso Research and Engineering Company, and the Bangor Hydroelectric Company, on the two units in the Graham Station. The results of the tests can be summarized as follows: 1. After a few hundred hours of intermittent operation, the first-stage nozzle area reaches a steady-state condition wherein it oscillates between zero and a maximum of about 8 percent reduction in area due to oil ash. The maximum reduction varies from 4 percent to 8 percent, depending on the fuel; 2. With continuous operation the first-stage nozzle area does not reach a steady-state value in 100 hours but plugs more or less continuously at rates varying from 5 to 24 percent per hundred hours, depending on the fuel. The load decreases also at rates varying from one to twenty percent in the same period; 3. Increasing the magnesium content of the fuel with respect to its vanadium content increases the deposition rate, but increasing the aluminum with respect to the vanadium content has the opposite effect; 4. Substantial temperature changes due to load variations and changes of firing temperature have little or no effect on dislodging the ash, but shutdowns in excess of two hours duration cause recoveries of over 70 percent in the area and over 50 percent in the load; 5. Introducing about 15 pounds of spent refinery catalyst into the low-pressure compressor inlet results in more than 40 percent recovery in the nozzle area and about the same recovery in the load. This cleaning operation, followed by a shutdown, results in practically complete recovery in both load and area during subsequent operation. A test was run for 2400 hours with a single residual fuel containing about 360 ppm of vanadium following 2700 hours operation on distillate fuel. Comparisons of the gas-path parts with those of two other units of the same design, one using a residual oil having 80 ppm of vanadium and the other using natural gas, lead to the following conclusions: 1. The life of the gas-path parts is no different whether a high vanadium or a low vanadium residual fuel is used; 2. The corrosion of the nozzles and buckets is not much greater with treated residual oil than with natural gas.

scholarly journals Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of a Super-High-Speed Circumferential-Flux Hysteresis Motor

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Halvaei Niasar ◽  
M. Zare ◽  
H. Moghbelli
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Dynamic Modeling ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Steady State Model ◽  
Industry Applications

There is an interest in super-high-speed motors in industry applications such as gyroscope, micro gas turbines, centrifuge, machine tool spindle drives, and information storage disk drives. This paper presents the dynamic performance characteristics of hysteresis motors using a Matlab/Simulink software. A nonlinear mathematical model based on ad-qaxis theory in the rotor reference frame is applied to study the starting and synchronization processes of a hysteresis machine with a circumferential-flux-type rotor. The steady-state and transient responses of the motor to different changes such as the variation in the load torque are provided. The calculation method of the motor parameters in dynamic modeling based on a steady-state model of the motor is presented. The simulation results such as the current,the input power, and power factor are compared with some experimental results in steady-state condition.

scholarly journals Computational Performance of Disparate Lattice Boltzmann Scenarios under Unsteady Thermal Convection Flow and Heat Transfer Simulation

Computation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Aditya Dewanto Hartono ◽  
Kyuro Sasaki ◽  
Yuichi Sugai ◽  
Ronald Nguele
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Natural Convection ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Convection And Heat Transfer ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Flow And Heat Transfer ◽  
Computational Performance

The present work highlights the capacity of disparate lattice Boltzmann strategies in simulating natural convection and heat transfer phenomena during the unsteady period of the flow. Within the framework of Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook collision operator, diverse lattice Boltzmann schemes emerged from two different embodiments of discrete Boltzmann expression and three distinct forcing models. Subsequently, computational performance of disparate lattice Boltzmann strategies was tested upon two different thermo-hydrodynamics configurations, namely the natural convection in a differentially-heated cavity and the Rayleigh-Bènard convection. For the purposes of exhibition and validation, the steady-state conditions of both physical systems were compared with the established numerical results from the classical computational techniques. Excellent agreements were observed for both thermo-hydrodynamics cases. Numerical results of both physical systems demonstrate the existence of considerable discrepancy in the computational characteristics of different lattice Boltzmann strategies during the unsteady period of the simulation. The corresponding disparity diminished gradually as the simulation proceeded towards a steady-state condition, where the computational profiles became almost equivalent. Variation in the discrete lattice Boltzmann expressions was identified as the primary factor that engenders the prevailed heterogeneity in the computational behaviour. Meanwhile, the contribution of distinct forcing models to the emergence of such diversity was found to be inconsequential. The findings of the present study contribute to the ventures to alleviate contemporary issues regarding proper selection of lattice Boltzmann schemes in modelling fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena.

Comparison Between Two-Shaft Simple and Single-Shaft Recuperated Brayton Cycles Using Different Types of Gaseous Fuels

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Malkogianni ◽  
A. Tourlidakis ◽  
A. L. Polyzakis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lower Heating

Geopolitical issues give rise to problems in the smooth and continuous flow of oil and natural gas from the production countries to the consumers’ development countries. In addition, severe environmental issues such as greenhouse gas emissions, eventually guide the consumers to fuels more suitable to the present situation. Alternative fuels such as biogas and coal gas have recently become more attractive because of their benefits, especially for electricity generation. On the other hand, the use of relatively low heating value fuels has a significant effect to the performance parameters of gas turbines. In this paper, the impact of using four fuels with different heating value in the gas turbine performance is simulated. Based on the high efficiency and commercialization criteria, two types of engines are chosen to be simulated: two-shaft simple and single-shaft recuperated cycle gas turbines. The heating values of the four gases investigated, correspond to natural gas and to a series of three gases with gradually lower heating values than that of natural gas. The main conclusions drawn from this design point (DP) and off-design (OD) analysis is that, for a given TET, efficiency increases for both engines when gases with low heating value are used. On the contrary, when power output is kept constant, the use of gases with low heating value will result in a decrease of thermal efficiency. A number of parametric studies are carried out and the effect of operating parameters on performance is assessed. The analysis is performed with customized software, which has been developed for this purpose.

Continuous determination of the volume of a space in a non steady state condition

1974 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Oscar A. Gómez-Poviña ◽  
Carmen Sainz de Calatroni ◽  
Susana Orden de Puhl ◽  
Mariano J. Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
State Condition ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Continuous Determination

Air Quality Improvement by Reduction of Gas Turbines Emissions

2013 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Žarnovský ◽  
Viera Petková ◽  
Róbert Drlička ◽  
Jozef Dobránsky
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Recent Time ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Effective Power ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Transit Performance

The most serious sources of the air pollution are the studied company compressor stations of the transit system equipped with the number of gas turbine. [1] Pipeline parts have smaller degree of importance and gas boiler and emergency resources of thermal and electric energy have minimum influence. These sources emit into atmosphere mainly nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, paraffine with the exception of the methane and unburned rest of the fuel. In comparison with these emissions are emissions of sulfur dioxide and the solid contaminations substances minimal, insignificant. Along with reduction of transit performance deploys the company in recent time significantly more energy effective power units for transit of natural gas. These drive units are mainly gas turbines burning part of transported natural gas. [2] Russian natural gas is used as a fuel which in comparison with the others kinds of fuels contains only little amount of sulfur and contain almost no As, Na and heavy metals. The main parts of combustions are CO2, CO, NOx which are products of burning and N2, O2, untouched atmosphere elements. CO and NOx are considered to be harmful substances.

An Approach for Snaky Well Productivity under Steady-State Condition

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilin Qi ◽  
Zhimin Du ◽  
Baosheng Liang ◽  
Yong Tang ◽  
Shouping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
State Condition ◽  
Well Productivity ◽  
Steady State Condition

Predicting Flameholding for Hydrogen and Natural Gas Flames at Gas Turbine Premixer Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot Sullivan-Lewis ◽  
Vincent McDonell
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Chamber Temperature ◽  
Transient Events ◽  
Significant Effort

Lean-premixed gas turbines are now common devices for low emissions stationary power generation. By creating a homogeneous mixture of fuel and air upstream of the combustion chamber, temperature variations are reduced within the combustor, which reduces emissions of nitrogen oxides. However, by premixing fuel and air, a potentially flammable mixture is established in a part of the engine not designed to contain a flame. If the flame propagates upstream from the combustor (flashback), significant engine damage can result. While significant effort has been put into developing flashback resistant combustors, these combustors are only capable of preventing flashback during steady operation of the engine. Transient events (e.g., auto-ignition within the premixer and pressure spikes during ignition) can trigger flashback that cannot be prevented with even the best combustor design. In these cases, preventing engine damage requires designing premixers that will not allow a flame to be sustained. Experimental studies were conducted to determine under what conditions premixed flames of hydrogen and natural gas can be anchored in a simulated gas turbine premixer. Tests have been conducted at pressures up to 9 atm, temperatures up to 750 K, and freestream velocities between 20 and 100 m/s. Flames were anchored in the wakes of features typical of premixer passageways, including cylinders, steps, and airfoils. The results of this study have been used to develop an engineering tool that predicts under what conditions a flame will anchor, and can be used for development of flame anchoring resistant gas turbine premixers.

Steady State Detection in Industrial Gas Turbines for Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics Applications

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Celis ◽  
Érica Xavier ◽  
Tairo Teixeira ◽  
Gustavo R. S. Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Signal Analysis ◽  
Operating Regime ◽  
State Detection ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Monitoring And Diagnostics ◽  
Operating Regimes

This work describes the development and implementation of a signal analysis module which allows the reliable detection of operating regimes in industrial gas turbines. Its use is intended for steady state-based condition monitoring and diagnostics systems. This type of systems requires the determination of the operating regime of the equipment, in this particular case, of the industrial gas turbine. After a brief introduction the context in which the signal analysis module is developed is highlighted. Next the state of the art of the different methodologies used for steady state detection in equipment is summarized. A detailed description of the signal analysis module developed, including its different sub systems and the main hypotheses considered during its development, is shown to follow. Finally the main results obtained through the use of the module developed are presented and discussed. The results obtained emphasize the adequacy of this type of procedures for the determination of operating regimes in industrial gas turbines.

Modeling the performance of biodegradation of textile wastewater using polyurethane foam sponge cube as a supporting medium

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2801-2810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Hui Lin
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Column Test ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Suspended Biomass ◽  
The Government ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

A pilot-scale fixed-biofilm reactor (FBR) was established to treat textile wastewater to evaluate the feasibility of replacing conventional treatment processes that involve activated sludge and coagulation units. A kinetic model was developed to describe the biodegradation of textile wastewater by FBR. Batch kinetic tests were performed to evaluate the biokinetic parameters that are used in the model. FBR column test was fed with a mean COD of 692 mg/L of textile wastewater from flow equalization unit. The influent flow rate was maintained at 48.4 L/h for FBR column test. Experimental data and model-predicted data for substrate effluent concentration (as COD), concentration of suspended biomass in effluent and the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) produced in the effluent agree closely with each other. Microscopic observations demonstrated that the biofilm exhibited a uniform distribution on the surface of polyurethane foam sponge. Under a steady-state condition, the effluent COD from FBR was about 14.7 mg COD/L (0.0213 Sb0), meeting the discharge standard (COD < 100 mg/L) that has been set by the government of Taiwan for textile wastewater effluent. The amount of biofilm and suspended biomass reached a maximal value in the steady state when the substrate flux reached a constant value and remained maximal. Approximately 33% of the substrate concentration (as COD) was converted to CO2 during biodegradation in the FBR test. The experimental and modeling schemes proposed in this study could be employed to design a full-scale FBR to treat textile wastewater.

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