Air Quality Improvement by Reduction of Gas Turbines Emissions

2013 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Žarnovský ◽  
Viera Petková ◽  
Róbert Drlička ◽  
Jozef Dobránsky
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Recent Time ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Effective Power ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Transit Performance

The most serious sources of the air pollution are the studied company compressor stations of the transit system equipped with the number of gas turbine. [1] Pipeline parts have smaller degree of importance and gas boiler and emergency resources of thermal and electric energy have minimum influence. These sources emit into atmosphere mainly nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, paraffine with the exception of the methane and unburned rest of the fuel. In comparison with these emissions are emissions of sulfur dioxide and the solid contaminations substances minimal, insignificant. Along with reduction of transit performance deploys the company in recent time significantly more energy effective power units for transit of natural gas. These drive units are mainly gas turbines burning part of transported natural gas. [2] Russian natural gas is used as a fuel which in comparison with the others kinds of fuels contains only little amount of sulfur and contain almost no As, Na and heavy metals. The main parts of combustions are CO2, CO, NOx which are products of burning and N2, O2, untouched atmosphere elements. CO and NOx are considered to be harmful substances.

Comparison Between Two-Shaft Simple and Single-Shaft Recuperated Brayton Cycles Using Different Types of Gaseous Fuels

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Malkogianni ◽  
A. Tourlidakis ◽  
A. L. Polyzakis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lower Heating

Geopolitical issues give rise to problems in the smooth and continuous flow of oil and natural gas from the production countries to the consumers’ development countries. In addition, severe environmental issues such as greenhouse gas emissions, eventually guide the consumers to fuels more suitable to the present situation. Alternative fuels such as biogas and coal gas have recently become more attractive because of their benefits, especially for electricity generation. On the other hand, the use of relatively low heating value fuels has a significant effect to the performance parameters of gas turbines. In this paper, the impact of using four fuels with different heating value in the gas turbine performance is simulated. Based on the high efficiency and commercialization criteria, two types of engines are chosen to be simulated: two-shaft simple and single-shaft recuperated cycle gas turbines. The heating values of the four gases investigated, correspond to natural gas and to a series of three gases with gradually lower heating values than that of natural gas. The main conclusions drawn from this design point (DP) and off-design (OD) analysis is that, for a given TET, efficiency increases for both engines when gases with low heating value are used. On the contrary, when power output is kept constant, the use of gases with low heating value will result in a decrease of thermal efficiency. A number of parametric studies are carried out and the effect of operating parameters on performance is assessed. The analysis is performed with customized software, which has been developed for this purpose.

Predicting Flameholding for Hydrogen and Natural Gas Flames at Gas Turbine Premixer Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot Sullivan-Lewis ◽  
Vincent McDonell
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Chamber Temperature ◽  
Transient Events ◽  
Significant Effort

Lean-premixed gas turbines are now common devices for low emissions stationary power generation. By creating a homogeneous mixture of fuel and air upstream of the combustion chamber, temperature variations are reduced within the combustor, which reduces emissions of nitrogen oxides. However, by premixing fuel and air, a potentially flammable mixture is established in a part of the engine not designed to contain a flame. If the flame propagates upstream from the combustor (flashback), significant engine damage can result. While significant effort has been put into developing flashback resistant combustors, these combustors are only capable of preventing flashback during steady operation of the engine. Transient events (e.g., auto-ignition within the premixer and pressure spikes during ignition) can trigger flashback that cannot be prevented with even the best combustor design. In these cases, preventing engine damage requires designing premixers that will not allow a flame to be sustained. Experimental studies were conducted to determine under what conditions premixed flames of hydrogen and natural gas can be anchored in a simulated gas turbine premixer. Tests have been conducted at pressures up to 9 atm, temperatures up to 750 K, and freestream velocities between 20 and 100 m/s. Flames were anchored in the wakes of features typical of premixer passageways, including cylinders, steps, and airfoils. The results of this study have been used to develop an engineering tool that predicts under what conditions a flame will anchor, and can be used for development of flame anchoring resistant gas turbine premixers.

Design Analysis of a Micro Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber Burning Natural Gas

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Perpignan V. de Campos ◽  
Fernando L. Sacomano Filho ◽  
Guenther C. Krieger Filho
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mixture Fraction ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Micro Turbine

Gas turbines are reliable energy conversion systems since they are able to operate with variable fuels and independently from seasonal natural changes. Within that reality, micro gas turbines have been increasing the importance of its usage on the onsite generation. Comparatively, less research has been done, leaving more room for improvements in this class of gas turbines. Focusing on the study of a flexible micro turbine set, this work is part of the development of a low cost electric generation micro turbine, which is capable of burning natural gas, LPG and ethanol. It is composed of an originally automotive turbocompressor, a combustion chamber specifically designed for this application, as well as a single stage axial power turbine. The combustion chamber is a reversed flow type and has a swirl stabilized combustor. This paper is dedicated to the diagnosis of the natural gas combustion in this chamber using computational fluid dynamics techniques compared to measured experimental data of temperature inside the combustion chamber. The study emphasizes the near inner wall temperature, turbine inlet temperature and dilution holes effectiveness. The calculation was conducted with the Reynolds Stress turbulence model coupled with the conventional β-PDF equilibrium along with mixture fraction transport combustion model. Thermal radiation was also considered. Reasonable agreement between experimental data and computational simulations was achieved, providing confidence on the phenomena observed on the simulations, which enabled the design improvement suggestions and analysis included in this work.

Peak-Shaving Ratio Analysis of the Natural Gas Combined Heat and Power Plant With Distributed Peak-Shaving Heat Pumps

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiling Zhao ◽  
Xiaoyin Wang ◽  
Tao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Peak Shaving ◽  
Gas Price

Distributed peak-shaving heat pump technology is to use a heat pump to adjust the heat on the secondary network in a substation, with features of low initial investment, flexible adjustment, and high operating cost. The paper takes an example for the system that uses two 9F class gas turbines (back pressure steam) as the basic heat source and a distributed heat pump in the substation as the peak-shaving heat source. The peak-shaving ratio is defined as the ratio of the designed peak-shaving heat load and the designed total heat load. The economic annual cost is taken as a goal, and the optimal peak-shaving ratio of the system is investigated. The influence of natural gas price, electricity price, and transportation distance are also analyzed. It can provide the reference for the optimized design and operation of the system.

scholarly journals Natural Gas

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (04) ◽  
pp. 52-52
Author(s):  
Rainer Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Generator Sets

This article discusses the importance of gas turbines, centrifugal compressors and pumps, and other turbomachines in processes that bring natural gas to the end users. To be useful, the natural gas coming from a large number of small wells has to be gathered. This process requires compression of the gas in several stages, before it is processed in a gas plant, where contaminants and heavier hydrocarbons are stripped from the gas. From the gas plant, the gas is recompressed and fed into a pipeline. In all these compression processes, centrifugal gas compressors driven by industrial gas turbines or electric motors play an important role. Turbomachines are used in a variety of applications for the production of oil and associated gas. For example, gas turbine generator sets often provide electrical power for offshore platforms or remote oil and gas fields. Offshore platforms have a large electrical demand, often requiring multiple large gas turbine generator sets. Similarly, centrifugal gas compressors, driven by gas turbines or by electric motors are the benchmark products to pump gas through pipelines, anywhere in the world.

scholarly journals Software and Instrumentation to Monitor the Performance of Natural Gas Pipeline Turbine Systems

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Levine ◽  
Daniel Patanjo ◽  
Wilkie Pak Lam
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Research Institute

Software for monitoring and evaluating the performance of gas turbines is being developed under the auspices of Gas Research Institute (GRI). Reference [1] provides an overview of the GRI project. This paper describes the PEGASUS software and monitoring system. PEGASUS is an acronym for Performance Evaluation of GAS Users Systems. Field test results, on multi-shaft turbines used in the gas pipeline industry, have demonstrated the potential of the software. The software and instrumentation, can help identify maintenance and upgrade actions to improve performance.

scholarly journals Low Frequency Noise Emission From a Natural Gas Compressor Station

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Sieminski ◽  
Manfred Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Compressor Station ◽  
Low Frequency Noise ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Remarkable Reduction

Low Frequency Noise at Gas Turbines A natural gas compressor station that was equipped with Hispano Suiza Turbines THM 1202 emitted high intensity noise between 20 Hz and 40 Hz, causing window vibrations and standing waves within the living rooms of a nearby residential area. Since additional sound attenuation by increasing the volume of the exhaust silencers was impossible, further investigations were carried out to explain the mechanism of this low frequency noise emission. By changing the flame pattern inside the combustion chambers of the turbines it was possible to achieve a remarkable reduction at 31.5 Hz amounting to 15 dB. The investigation procedure leading to the final results will be the subject of this presentation.

scholarly journals Improving the public transit system for routes with scheduled headways

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jones Chuang ◽  
Peter Chu
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Unique Solution ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Traffic Model ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transit Performance

This research contributes to the improvement of the optimal headway solution for the transit performance functions (e. g., minimize total cost; maximize social welfare) derived from the traffic model proposed by Hendrickson. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, we prove that that model has a unique solution for headway. Second, we offer a formulated approximation for headway. Third, numerical examples illustrate that our formulated approximation performs more accurately than the Hendrickson?s.

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