The association between exposure to air pollutants including PM10, PM2.5, ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide concentration and the relative risk of developing STEMI: A case-crossover design

2018 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Akbarzadeh ◽  
Isa Khaheshi ◽  
Amirsina Sharifi ◽  
Negin Yousefi ◽  
Mohammadreza Naderian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Case Crossover

scholarly journals The clinical effect of smoking and environmental factors in spontaneous pneumothorax: a case-crossover study in an Inland province

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 175346662097740
Author(s):  
Dohun Kim ◽  
Sang-Yong Eom ◽  
Chang-Seob Shin ◽  
Yong-Dae Kim ◽  
Si-Wook Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Matched Data ◽  
Stratified Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The factors that trigger spontaneous pneumothorax have not been sufficiently evaluated. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the development of spontaneous pneumothorax and meteorological parameters, including air pollutants. Methods: This is a retrospective study using the medical records of 379 patients who were admitted for spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) over a period of 4 years. Meteorological and air pollution data were obtained from the National Meteorological Office and the Ministry of Environment. We employed a case-crossover design to evaluate the short-term association between SP and meteorological factors including air pollutants. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze bi-directional matched data. Results: Increase of relative humidity (RH) and of carbon monoxide (CO) were associated with the risk of pneumothorax, with odds ratio (OR) for RH = 1.18 (1.02–1.36), CO = 1.23 (1.02–1.48). Moreover, as air pressure (AP) decreased, risk of pneumothorax increased, with OR = 1.30 (1.05–1.59) but others did not. In the stratified analysis, the effect of RH was positive in ex-smokers (OR = 3.31) and non-smokers (OR = 1.32), but negative in current smokers (OR = 0.72). The effect of AP was significant in younger patients (OR = 1.33), males (OR = 1.40), and non-smokers (OR = 1.36). CO was related only with non-smokers (OR = 1.35) Conclusion: The triggering factors for spontaneous pneumothorax were relative humidity, carbon monoxide, and air pressure. The effect of the trigger was prominent in patients who were younger (<45 years), non- or ex-smokers, and male. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.

Synergistic effect on field-grown soybeans from combinations of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Irving ◽  
Joseph E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Premature Senescence ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Field Plots

Gaseous air pollutants are frequently present together in the environment downwind from industrial developments and thus have the potential to cause interactive effects on biological receptors. Accordingly, an investigation was conducted to determine how combinations of the gaseous pollutants, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) affect a major crop. Open-air field plots of soybeans (Glycine max L.) were exposed to eight different dose levels of SO2 and NO2, alone and in combination, in the presence of ambient ozone (O3) during 1980 and 1981. The soybean plots were fumigated on 10 occasions in both years of the study during the pod-filling period for an average exposure time during fumigation of approximately 3 h. Mean concentrations during fumigation periods ranged from 0.13 to 0.42 ppm SO2 and 0.06 to 0.40 ppm NO2. Premature senescence, as measured by chlorophyll degradation, was observed in the combined pollutant plots in both years of the experiment. Fumigations with NO2 alone had no effect on seed yields in either year. Exposures with SO2 alone had no effect on yields in 1980 and decreased yields by up to 6% in 1981, possibly as a result of greater concentration peaks. Combinations of SO2 and NO2 had a synergistic effect in both years of the study and resulted in yield decreases ranging from 9 to 25%, depending on pollutant dose.

scholarly journals A Review of Specifications for Methods of Measuring Emissions of Air Pollutants and Effluent of Water Pollutants

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Dibelius
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
Federal Register ◽  
Water Pollutants ◽  
Made In

The measurement of air pollutants emitted to the atmosphere in exhaust gases from stationary gas turbines must be made in accordance with applicable government specifications in those cases where the measurements are being made to determine compliance with regulations. This paper reviews the methods for measuring opacity, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, hydrocarbons, and particulates. In addition, the paper references the Federal Register (volume, number, and page) in which the official specification appears. Other methods, including ASME, SAE, and ASTM, are listed where applicable.

Surveillance on Emission of Herbal Woods and Cow Dung for Refinement of Atmosphere with Vedic Mantra

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Pm 10

Earth's atmosphere is made of two gases Nitrogen and Oxygen. Five major air pollutants are Ground level Ozone, Airborne particles or aerosols, Carbon monoxide, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide. Air pollutants risky to human health are Ground level Ozone and Aerosols. They are the main ingredients of Smog . The ground level ozone is formed when sunlight reacts with certain chemical emissions like nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide or methane These chemicals are emitted from industrial waste, car exhaust, gasoline vapors etc. Air quality is measured with the Air Quality Index. An AQI under 50 is considered as good air quality however as the AQI number increases , it becomes a concern for human health . Researcher measured the PM level (PM 2.5 and PM 10), temperature, Humidity and other related parameters continuously on different woods in different times in a fixed size room and constrained environment to establish that Yagya is a reliable source to reduce environment pollution .

scholarly journals Analysis of the 11-year Record (1987-1997) of Air Pollution measurements in Athens, Greece. Part I: Primary air pollutants

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Black Smoke ◽  
Almost All

A climatological analysis of atmospheric concentrations of primary air pollutants in Athens, Greece, is presented for the 11-year period 1987-1997, since the automated local air pollution network operating by the Ministry of Environment started to record all conventional pollutants. The concentration levels of the atmospheric pollutants carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and black smoke for the most polluted stations (Patission, Athinas and Piraeus) of the air pollution network were examined. For all primary pollutants a seasonal variation with minimum in summer and maximum in winter is observed. Sulfur dioxide has the strongest seasonal cycle and black smoke the weakest. There is a significant downward trend for almost all pollutants in all stations. The highest reductions are observed in Patission where a comparison between the 3-year periods 1988-1990 and 1995-1997 gives 52%, 34%, 26% and 20% decreases for sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and black smoke, respectively. The pollution abatement measures taken by the state authorities during the period 1990-1994, mainly consisting in the replacement of the old technology gasoline-powered private cars and the reduction of the sulfur content in diesel oil, seem to be the primary cause of the improvement in air quality in Athens during the recent years.

scholarly journals Summer ozone variation in North China based on satellite and site observations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Zhou ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Wenhao Xue ◽  
Xiaohui Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
North China ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Fine Particulate

Abstract. Compared with other regions, air pollution in North China is very serious, especially its levels of fine particulate matter, which are closely associated with the concentrations of polluting gases, such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, organic gases, and ozone. Fine particle pollution has been studied in-depth, but there is less known about ozone. This paper focuses on the interannual variability of tropospheric ozone in North China and identifies its influential factors. Our analysis relies on satellite observations (ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and formaldehyde concentrations) and near-surface data (carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, fine particulate concentrations, temperature, and humidity). Studies have shown that the tropospheric ozone column in North China has been at a high level for the past 3 years, with the similar time series for temperature and formaldehyde. However, trends in ozone are opposite to those of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide over this 3-year period. This indicates that the increase in ozone in North China was mainly caused by the increase in temperature and an increase in organic gas content, rather than by nitrogen oxides. Over both temporal and spatial scales, the production rate of ozone appears to be most sensitive to temperature change, as ground observations in Beijing have suggested.

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