scholarly journals PHOTOCATALYTIC MORTAR WITH TIO2 FOR THE REDUCTION OF AIR POLLUTANTS PRODUCED BY VEHICULAR EMISSIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Jhon Aquise ◽  
◽  
Katherine Lissette Chirinos Peralta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Nitrogen Monoxide ◽  
Vehicular Emissions ◽  
Photocatalytic Process

Photocatalytic mortar with TiO2 leads to a reduction in air pollution due to vehicle emissions. For this purpose, the experimental method was used, which consisted of the preparation of mortars with the same proportion of 1: 4, a strength of 145 kg / cm2 and with different percentages of titanium dioxide (0% and 10%), which were evaluated under the same conditions through the following tests: Quantity of polluting gases, compressive strength and photocatalytic capacity. The results obtained—reduction of carbon dioxide by 97.9%, hydrogen sulfide by 72.9%, sulfur dioxide by 67.2%, nitrogen monoxide by 63.4%, carbon monoxide by 40.5% and oxygen recovery by 7.7%—confirmed the performance of the photocatalytic process through titanium dioxide (TiO2) in terms of an improvement in air quality, and the reduction of colorants, rhodamine by 89.10% and methylene blue 53.06% confirmed its self-cleaning capacity, thus improving the reduction of air pollution.

scholarly journals Concentration modeling of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted from cigarette consumption in atmosphere of Isfahan, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirreza Talaiekhozani ◽  
Ali Mohammad Amani ◽  
Zeinab Eskandari ◽  
Reza Sanaye
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Sources ◽  
Pollutants Dispersion

Introduction: Although many studies on Isfahan’s air pollution have been done, there is no report about the effects of cigarette consumption in Isfahan. The aims of this study were (a) to find the amount of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emitted by cigarette consumption in Isfahan; and (b) to model the distribution of such pollutants in Isfahan’s atmosphere. Materials and methods: Based on the literature, it is assumed that 15% of Isfahan’s people consume cigarettes and each smoker on average smokes 1,147 cigarettes per year. Based on these assumptions, the 249,000 smokers living in Isfahan consume 285,000,000 cigarettes per year. The amount of pollutant emissions was calculated by existing emission factors for cigarette consumption. Finally, the distribution of the emitted pollutants from cigarette consumption in Isfahan’s atmosphere was modeled using AERMOD. Results: The results illustrated that each year, 2.85 kg nitrogen oxides, 2.85 kg hydrocarbons, 37.05 kg carbon monoxide and 142.5 kg carbon dioxide are emitted into Isfahan’s atmosphere from residents’ smoking. The modeling of pollutants’ dispersion in Isfahan’s atmosphere showed that only some of these pollutants result from cigarette consumption. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the amount of pollutants emitted by cigarette consumption was negligible compared to the other pollutant sources in Isfahan.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LEVEL OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION OF THE CITY OF KAMIANSKE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Karavan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Metallurgical Plant ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Priority Substances ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
The City

The generalizing and comparative characteristic of the level of air pollution of the city of Kamianske is presented. The following indicators are analyzed: the dynamics of total emissions of pollutants; structure of emissions by individual types of pollutants; the level and dynamics of the index of air pollution by priority substances. It is emphasized that the main reason for the declining dynamics of gross emissions of pollutants in the city was the decrease in industrial production, primarily at PJSC “Dniprovsk Metallurgical Plant”. The main economic indicators of PJSC “Dniprovsk Metallurgical Plant” are analyzed and conclusions are drawn about the unsatisfactory financial condition of the enterprise. The dynamics of the main air pollutants of the city is studied. The structure of emissions into the air of the city is analyzed and it is concluded that the share of carbon monoxide is the largest in the structure of emissions of the city and significantly exceeds the national and regional level. In addition, there is an excess of average daily maximum permissible concentrations not only for carbon monoxide, but for other air pollutants, namely formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, phenol, ammonia. The dynamics of the index of air pollution by priority substances is analyzed. The following conclusions about the level and dynamics of this indicator in the cities of Dnipropetrovsk region are formulated: for the main cities-polluters of atmospheric air of the region the indicator is quite high, the level of which is characterized as “above average”; during the last three years for Kamianske and Kryvyi Rih the indicator had a steady upward trend; as of the end of 2020 year, the highest value of the indicator is 14.9, which characterizes the unsatisfactory air quality of Kamianske. The dynamics of change of positions of the city of Kamianske according to the index of air pollution in the national rating of cities-polluters is characterized. During the period under study, the city of Kamianske consistently occupied “high” positions: maximum – 1st place (2014 year), minimum – 4th place (2018, 2019 years). The article emphasizes that measures to reduce the level of air pollution in the city should be in line with the regional Program of Environmental Safety and Climate Change Prevention for 2016–2025.

scholarly journals Analysis of Variations in Air Pollution Fields in Selected Cities in Poland and Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Cichowicz ◽  
Grzegorz Wielgosiński
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Pollutant Dispersion ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Car Traffic ◽  
Monitoring Stations

Abstract Variations in immission fields resulting from emissions and pollutant dispersion in the atmosphere were investigated. The analysis was based on data from the four-year period covering the years 2012-2015, collected in two automatic atmospheric air monitoring stations, one located in Germany in Magdeburg which is the capital of Saxony-Anhalt and the other in Poland in Lodz, i.e. the seat of Lodz Region authorities. Selected immission monitoring stations in both cities are located in the areas with similar urban development and are characterized by high levels of pedestrian and car traffic. In both measuring stations the following atmospheric air pollutants were measured: PM10, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide, and ozone (carbon monoxide was analyzed only for the station located in Lodz). On the basis of the measured data the periodic exceedance of air pollution limit values measured at both monitoring stations were observed, as well as the levels of particular pollutants and changes in immission fields were analyzed. It seems that this information may be useful not only to the competent authorities of the country but also to the users of these areas.

scholarly journals A Review of Specifications for Methods of Measuring Emissions of Air Pollutants and Effluent of Water Pollutants

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Dibelius
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
Federal Register ◽  
Water Pollutants ◽  
Made In

The measurement of air pollutants emitted to the atmosphere in exhaust gases from stationary gas turbines must be made in accordance with applicable government specifications in those cases where the measurements are being made to determine compliance with regulations. This paper reviews the methods for measuring opacity, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, hydrocarbons, and particulates. In addition, the paper references the Federal Register (volume, number, and page) in which the official specification appears. Other methods, including ASME, SAE, and ASTM, are listed where applicable.

scholarly journals Assessment of Air Pollution over Baghdad City Using Fixed Annual Stations and GIS Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab B. Mohammed ◽  
Ali Abdul Khaliq Kamal ◽  
Ali S. Resheq ◽  
Waleed M. Sh. Alabdraba
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Spatial Interpolation ◽  
Nitrogen Monoxide ◽  
World Health ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Main Observation ◽  
Interpolation Techniques

Baghdad, considered one of the most polluted and populated cities in Iraq, waschoosen for mapping the distribution of air pollutants and the overall pollution levels by using the ArcGIS techniques. Six of main observation stations werechoosen in a particular location. Then, the recorded data from these stations were spatially interpolated using two types of ArcGIS interpolation techniques. The spatial interpolation techniques used in this work were Inverse distance weighting (IDW) and fuzzy logic. This study includes measuring the main air pollutants, which were nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and nitrogen monoxide (NO) during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. The data recorded by the stations during the work period and the distribution maps of air pollutants, which resulted from spatial interpolation (IDW) method, showed that the concentration of NO2 was within the International limits of World Health Origination (WHO) which is about 0.11 ppm. SO2 concentrations were exceeding the WHO limits in all stations for the study area. The concentrations of CO ranged from 0.484 ppm to 7.027 ppm that were within acceptable limits of WHO standards that is 9 ppm. NOx concentrations ranged between 0.01506 ppm – 0.214 ppm, which were exceeding acceptable limits of WHO standards (0.01 ppm). The concentrations of NO did not exceed the WHO standard limits, which are 0.08 ppm. Finally, the fuzzsy logic method of spatial interpolation in ArcGIS was applied to evaluate the air pollution over Baghdad city.

ASSESSMENT OF THE TOXIC INFLUENCE OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTANTS IN THE SARATOV REGION DURING THE FOREST FIRES

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Karetnikova ◽  
E. S. Terekhina ◽  
N. V. Shlyapnikov ◽  
A. A. Voitovich
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
Permissible Levels

The article is devoted to the hygienic assessment of the potential risk of general toxic effects for the health of the population in the Saratov region as a result of action of pollutants (carbon monoxide, nitrogen mono - and dioxides, ammonia, dust, formaldehyde) during forest fires. The relevance of this work is due to the significant role of forest fires in air pollution and the special vulnerability of the Saratov region to forest fires. The results of the study allow to judge the significant role of forest fires in air pollution in the Saratov region: there are significant excesses of the hygienic permissible levels of maximum single and average daily concentrations of pollutants (nitrogen mono- and dioxides, ammonia, dust, formaldehyde), which create an unfavorable environmental situation, contribute to the development and progression of many human diseases.

Abstract P002: Long Term Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Health

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Singh ◽  
Courtney Pilkerton ◽  
Adam Christian ◽  
Thomas K Bias ◽  
Stephanie J Frisbee
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
The Individual

BACKGROUND: Although the link between air pollution and cardiovascular disease has been controversial in recent decades, it remains a top global health concern. Most studies have assessed only the relationship between pollutant concentrations and morbidity or mortality in populous cities. In this study, we investigated the association of long term exposure to major air pollutants with current cardiovascular health. This outcome was a measure of health rather than disease, as measured by the Cardiovascular Health Index (CVHI) developed by the American Heart Association. METHODS: We analyzed 2011 data from 3007 counties across the US using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and Area Health Resources File. Air Quality Index (AQI) for five major pollutants from 2001-2011; Ozone, Sulfur dioxide and Carbon monoxide and Fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter of 10 and ≤2.5 μm) were obtained from the EPA Air Quality System database. Categories were based on the 11-year average pollutant AQI level and using Jenks optimization method; persistently good, variant and persistently bad. Associations between categories and the mean CVHI were evaluated using Poisson regression models adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status at the individual and population level. RESULTS: PM2.5 was most frequently measured (938 counties) and carbon monoxide least frequently (224 counties). Correlations between pollutants were moderate and significant (p<0.0001), ranging from r=0.30 between CO and Oz to r=0.52 between SD and PM2.5. Four pollutants had 11-year average AQI levels significantly associated with increased mean CVHI score of individuals. Living in a county categorized as ‘persistently good’ or ‘variant’ AQI levels for ozone is significantly associated with an estimated 3% increase in CVHI (95% CI 0.1% - 5.0%) as compared to living in a county of ‘persistently bad’ AQI levels. In addition, living in a county of only ‘persistently good’ AQI levels for PM2.5 is significantly associated with an estimated 5% increase in CVHI (95% CI 3% - 9%) as compared to living in a county of ‘persistently bad’ AQI levels. Inverse relationships existed for both PM10 and carbon monoxide. CONCLUSIONS: It is difficult to tease apart the independent effects of individual air pollutants on health as humans are exposed to a mixture of gases. However we have shown that at the individual level, there is an association between long term exposure to air pollution and its effects on current cardiovascular health. Further research is needed to determine whether these effects exist at varying levels of subject characteristics.

scholarly journals OP0237 EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL AIR POLLUTANTS AS A RISK FACTOR FOR PRIMARY SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME: A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 145.3-145
Author(s):  
K. S. K. MA ◽  
L. T. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Primary Sjögren’S Syndrome ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Primary Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Primary Sjögren's Syndrome

Background:Recent studies suggest that air pollution may play a role in autoimmune diseases. However, few of them report the correlation between air pollution and primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS).Objectives:We sought to determine whether people exposed to environmental fine particulate of air pollution have a higher risk of developing pSS.Methods:We performed a retrospective population-based cohort study from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan’s population, using the international Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) to categorize each disease diagnosis. Air pollution data on Nitric oxide (NO), methane (CH4), and carbon monoxide (CO) were obtained from the Taiwan Air Quality-Monitoring Database (TAQMD), where daily air pollution data from community-based monitoring sites (78 sites since 1993) was available on a real-time basis. We followed up from January 1st, 1998 to the endpoint of SS diagnosis or to December 31, 2011.The daily average air pollutant concentrations were divided into 4 quartile-based groups (Q1-Q4). The incidence rate, hazard ratios (HRs), as well as 95% confidence intervals for pSS, were stratified by the quartiles of air pollutant concentration, and calculated with a Cox proportional regression model. Finally, Ingenuity Systems Pathway Analysis (IPA) was conducted to identify activated pathways among air way epithelial cells exposed to airborne coarse, fine, and ultrafine particles, and parotid gland tissues from pSS patients using Z-score visualization.Results:A total of 200 patients were diagnosed with SS. The mean age of patients with pSS was 53.1 years. The incidence of pSS was 0.11%. With the increase in exposure concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, methane, and carbon monoxide (from Q1 to Q4), the incidence rate for pSS of per 1000 person-years increased from 0.7 to 1.19, from 0.93 to 2.14, and from 0.57 to 1.06, respectively. Moreover, compared with Q1, the adjusted HR in Q4 after adjusting for age, gender, monthly income and urbanization levels increased to 1.86, 2.21 and 2.04, respectively. IPA analyses suggested that the underlying cellular mechanisms involved up-regulation of chronic inflammatory pathways including fibrosis signaling pathway.Conclusion:Exposure to air pollutants, specifically NO, CH4, and CO, was associated with SS development, mostly driven by fibrotic signaling cascades occurred during chronic inflammation.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Analysis of the 11-year Record (1987-1997) of Air Pollution measurements in Athens, Greece. Part I: Primary air pollutants

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Black Smoke ◽  
Almost All

A climatological analysis of atmospheric concentrations of primary air pollutants in Athens, Greece, is presented for the 11-year period 1987-1997, since the automated local air pollution network operating by the Ministry of Environment started to record all conventional pollutants. The concentration levels of the atmospheric pollutants carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and black smoke for the most polluted stations (Patission, Athinas and Piraeus) of the air pollution network were examined. For all primary pollutants a seasonal variation with minimum in summer and maximum in winter is observed. Sulfur dioxide has the strongest seasonal cycle and black smoke the weakest. There is a significant downward trend for almost all pollutants in all stations. The highest reductions are observed in Patission where a comparison between the 3-year periods 1988-1990 and 1995-1997 gives 52%, 34%, 26% and 20% decreases for sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and black smoke, respectively. The pollution abatement measures taken by the state authorities during the period 1990-1994, mainly consisting in the replacement of the old technology gasoline-powered private cars and the reduction of the sulfur content in diesel oil, seem to be the primary cause of the improvement in air quality in Athens during the recent years.

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