LNG Receiving Terminal Associated With Gas Cycle Power Plants

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Chiesa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Economical Analysis ◽  
Combined Cycles

LNG regasification process needs a considerable quantity of thermal energy that is usually obtained by cooling sea water or by burning a fraction of the evaporated natural gas. These systems, though offering low cost and high reliability, are thermodynamically inefficient: they require energy for water pumping or fuel to provide heat and do not exploit the physical exergy related to the initial conditions of LNG to produce mechanical work. The present paper aims to assess the performances of various gas turbine based cycles which use the LNG regasification process as a low temperature heat sink for power cycles. In particular it will focus on the following configurations: • Closed loop gas cycles • Gas-gas combined cycles • Combined gas-organic Rankine cycles Two different sendout pressure (70 and 30 bar, corresponding respectively to the supply of long-distance pipelines or power plants based on heavy-duty gas turbines) are considered. Their performances are calculated and proper effectiveness indexes (e.g. thermal and exergetic efficiency) are introduced to carry out a comprehensive comparison among the systems considered. A simple economical analysis completes the discussion.

Totally Enclosed Inline Electric Motor Driven Gas Compressors

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Miller ◽  
Anders T. Johnson ◽  
Markus Ahrens ◽  
T. Kenton Flanery
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Gas Industry

A team forms to address the challenge of low cost, low maintenance gas compression that can be quickly ramped up to meet peak demands. The Natural Gas Industry recognizes the importance of efficient, flexible compression equipment for the transmission of gas. In the early 1900s the Gas Industry met its compression objectives with many small reciprocating compressor units. As competition increased, Gas Companies began employing more cost effective larger units 3.7 MW (5,000 bhp) and eventually gas turbines 11+ MW (15,000+ bhp) became the prime mover of choice. While gas fired engine driven compressors are convenient for gas companies; they are becoming increasingly difficult to install. Environmental restrictions have tightened making permitting difficult. The larger gas turbine units seemed a solution because they were the low capital cost prime mover and clean burning. However, gas turbines have not yet achieved the high degree of flexibility and fuel efficiency gas transporters hoped. Flexibility has become an increasingly important issue because of the new “Peaking Power Plants” that are coming online. Gas companies are trying to solve the problem of low cost, low maintenance compression that can be quickly ramped up to meet peak demands. The idea of using electric motors to drive compressors to minimize the environmental, regulatory, and maintenance issues is not new. The idea of installing an electrically powered, highly flexible, efficient, low maintenance compressor unit directly into the pipeline feeding the load, possibly underground where it won’t be seen or heard, is a new and viable way for the gas and electric industries to do business together. This paper examines the application of totally enclosed, variable speed electric motor driven gas compressors to applications requiring completely automated, low maintenance, quick response gas pressure boosters. In this paper we will describe how a natural gas transporter, compressor manufacturer, motor manufacturer, and power company have teamed up to design the world’s first gas compressor that can be installed directly in the pipeline. We will discuss methodologies for installing the proposed compressor, the environmental benefits — no emissions, a small footprint, minimal noise — and the benefit of being able to install compression exactly where it is needed to meet the peaking requirements of today’s new loads.

Trends in Combined Steam-Gas Turbine Power Plants in the U. S. A.

1966 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-309
Author(s):  
R. W. Foster-Pegg
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Utility Companies ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Gas Fuel ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

The combined steam-gas turbine cycle offers reductions in fuel consumption and energy production cost compared to all steam, particularly for the smaller-size plants used in industrial complexes. Currently, combined cycles are restricted to natural gas fuel, which limits their use particularly by utility companies. Their potential is predicted in the event an economic means of operating gas turbines on coal can be found. Extrapolation of the historic trend of gas turbine performance and cost suggests that combined cycles will be able to demonstrate substantial economies for larger power plants in the future.

Research on Thermal Efficiencies of Various Power Cycles for GFRs and VHTRs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mahdi ◽  
Roman Popov ◽  
Igor Pioro
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heavy Water ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Supercritical Pressure ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

The vast majority of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) are equipped with water- and heavy-water-cooled reactors. Such NPPs have lower thermal efficiencies (30–36%) compared to those achieved at NPPs equipped with Advanced Gas-cooled Reactors (AGRs) (∼42%) and Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors (SFRs) (∼40%), and, especially, compared to those of modern advanced thermal power plants, such as combined cycle with thermal efficiencies up to 62% and supercritical-pressure coal-fired power plants — up to 55%. Therefore, NPPs with water- and heavy-water-cooled reactors are not very competitive with other power plants. Therefore, this deficiency of current water-cooled NPPs should be addressed in the next generation or Generation-IV nuclear-power reactors / NPPs. Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) concept / NPP is currently considered as the most efficient NPP of the next generation. Being a thermal-spectrum reactor, VHTR will use helium as a reactor coolant, which will be heated up to 1000°C. The use of a direct Brayton helium-turbine cycle was considered originally. However, technical challenges associated with the direct helium cycle have resulted in a change of the reference concept to indirect power cycle, which can be also a combined cycle. Along with the VHTR, Gas-cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) concept / NPP is also regarded as one of the most thermally efficient concept for the upcoming generation of NPPs. This concept was also originally thought to be with the direct helium power cycle. However, technical challenges have changed the initial idea of power cycle to a number of options including indirect Brayton cycle with He-N2 mixture, application of SuperCritical (SC)-CO2 cycles or combined cycles. The objective of the current paper is to provide the latest information on new developments in power cycles proposed for these two helium-cooled Generation-IV reactor concepts, which include indirect nitrogen-helium Brayton gas-turbine cycle, supercritical-pressure carbon-dioxide Brayton gas-turbine cycle, and combined cycles. Also, a comparison of basic thermophysical properties of helium with those of other reactor coolants, and with those of nitrogen, nitrogen-helium mixture and SC-CO2 is provided.

Parametric Analysis of Combined Cycles Equipped With Inlet Fogging

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bhargava ◽  
M. Bianchi ◽  
F. Melino ◽  
A. Peretto
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Power Enhancement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Combined Cycles

In recent years, deregulation in the power generation market worldwide combined with significant variation in fuel prices and a need for flexibility in terms of power augmentation specially during periods of high electricity demand (summer months or noon to 6:00 p.m.) has forced electric utilities, cogenerators and independent power producers to explore new power generation enhancement technologies. In the last five to ten years, inlet fogging approach has shown more promising results to recover lost power output due to increased ambient temperature compared to the other available power enhancement techniques. This paper presents the first systematic study on the effects of both inlet evaporative and overspray fogging on a wide range of combined cycle power plants utilizing gas turbines available from the major gas turbine manufacturers worldwide. A brief discussion on the thermodynamic considerations of inlet and overspray fogging including the effect of droplet dimension is also presented. Based on the analyzed systems, the results show that high pressure inlet fogging influences performance of a combined cycle power plant using an aero-derivative gas turbine differently than with an advanced technology or a traditional gas turbine. Possible reasons for the observed differences are discussed.

Design and Implementation of Electronic Bus Stop Boards System Based on Wireless Communication Module

2014 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 2441-2444
Author(s):  
Cai Rong Zhang ◽  
Guo Liang Liu ◽  
Bin Wei
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Short Range ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Bus Stop ◽  
Passenger Travel ◽  
Communication Module ◽  
Distance Communication

To the convenience of passenger travel, a kind of electronic bus stop boards system is discussed in this paper, which can be considered as intelligent equipment based on wireless communication technology. The combination between short-range wireless and long-distance communication module, together with the microcontroller composes the electronic bus stop boards system. The electronic bus stop boards system indicates the number of stations away from passengers’ station board on different nearest buses, current time and real-time humiture. The test results showed that the system could realize short-range and long-distance communication function and display the necessary information. With the advantages of high reliability and efficiency at low cost, the electronic bus stop boards system has more practical popularized value to replace traditional intelligent station boards with GPS and GPRS by cheap wireless communication module.

scholarly journals Analysis of Permissibility of the Excitation Loss Mode of the Synchronous Generator in the Conditions of the Industrial Electrical Supply System

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Olga V. Gazizova ◽  
Alexandr P. Sokolov ◽  
Nikolay T. Patshin ◽  
Yulia N. Kondrashova
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Asynchronous Mode ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Industrial Enterprises

Modern operating conditions of large industrial enterprises require the provision of high reliability of power supply to consumers while reducing the cost of the electricity consumed. These requirements are ensured by the widespread introduction of own sources of electrical energy. These include combined heat and power plants, gas turbines, gas pistons and steam and gas power plants. At the same time, there is a significant complication of the industrial network configuration and possible emergency modes. One of the emergency modes in such networks is the loss of excitation of the synchronous generator. The admissibility of such a regime is specified by regulatory documents. In this situation, the generator goes into asynchronous mode and consumes reactive power from the network. The purpose of this work is to identify the admissibility of the synchronous generator operation for a certain time in the asynchronous mode as a result of the loss of excitation. An algorithm has been developed to calculate the transient electromechanical process of a synchronous generator taking into account the loss of machine excitation. Investigations have been carried out for various operating modes of an industrial power plant taking into account the initial generator load using the KATRAN software. The calculation results allow determining the generator load by active power at which the synchronous generator can operate in the asynchronous mode without excitation.

scholarly journals Running in Place

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (06) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fast Reaction ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Renewable Power

This article highlights technological performance improvements in the gas turbine industry and its likely future course. While the outlook for commercial aviation gas turbines is bright, the non-aviation segment is decidedly clouded. While analysts have focused on the growing demand for electricity worldwide, the average output of each individual gas turbine unit is also increasing, and at a rate that is faster than that of electricity demand. Gas turbine power plants also have the advantage of dispatchability, which wind, hydroelectric, and solar often do not. A recent econometric study of renewable electric power implementation shows that the use of fast-reacting fossil technologies such as gas turbines to hedge against variability of electrical supply made it more likely to result in the successful investment and use of renewables. The article suggests that gas turbine power plants are cost-effective and can provide a necessary backup to the variability of renewable power plants. Gas turbines combine low cost and fast reaction time in a way that will enable the grid to handle winds dying down unexpectedly or unpredicted heavy clouds diminishing solar power output.

scholarly journals Benefits of Converting Utility Gas Turbines to Combined-Cycle Plants

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Miliaras ◽  
P. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Operating Personnel ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Low Efficiency

A large number of simple cycle gas turbines (about 8% of the total current electric generating capacity) had been installed by utilities by the late 1970s. Because of the low efficiency of these, older simple cycle gas turbines (about 25% at full load, much worse at part load) and the reduced demand for electricity, little use is now made of these machines by most utilities. The paper considers the specific and broader benefits of converting these older gas turbines to combined-cycle plants. The benefits include dramatic efficiency improvement at all loads, improved operating reliability, low cost additions to utility generating capacity, and the potential availability of significant new capacity in many regions of the country in a short time. The combined cycles can also be operated instead of oil-fired and coal-fired cycling steam plants — at significantly lower startup-up costs in fuel and operating personnel, and with considerable reduction in the wear and tear of the steam plants from cycling thermal stresses. When additional, new peaking capacity is needed, these older, converted gas turbines can be replaced with new, more efficient machines.

An Advanced Extreme Environment Wireless Telemetry System for Turbine Blade Instrumentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (HiTen) ◽  
pp. 000001-000006
Author(s):  
John R. Fraley ◽  
Alan Mantooth ◽  
Sajib Roy ◽  
Robert Murphree ◽  
Affan Abassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Condition Monitoring System ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The University

ABSTRACT As advanced natural gas power generation systems evolve, the thrust for increased efficiencies and reduced emissions results in increasingly harsh conditions inside the turbine environment. These high temperatures, pressures, and corrosive atmospheres result in accelerated rates of degradation, leading to failure of turbine materials and components. The University of Arkansas (UA) and Siemens, in collaboration with the DoE's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), are developing a reliable and long-term monitoring capability in the turbine hot gas path in the form of novel ceramic-based thermocouples and integrated wide band gap instrumentation electronics that will contribute to the overall reliability of gas turbines. When equipped with better monitoring and controls, power plants can operate with increased fuel-burning efficiency, improved process dynamics and gas concentrations, and increased overall longevity of the power plant components. This will result in increased turbine availability and a reduction in outages and maintenance costs. One of the key aspects to driving forward turbine monitoring capability is the development of high temperature capable integrated circuit (IC) electronics. Previous papers have described 500 °C + electronics that were developed primarily from a combination of discrete single transistors combined with supporting high temperature passive components. While these circuits have been tested successfully in high temperature spin test environments, the move to an IC approach will greatly increase the performance and reliability of turbine monitoring systems. This program is developing such capability through the implementation of silicon carbide (SiC) based ICs, and this paper details the initial approach and early testing of the developed devices. This research represents an important step towards the realization of a field deployable high reliability turbine condition monitoring system.

Options to Maximize Power Output for Merchant Plants in Combined Cycle Applications

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rattan Tawney ◽  
Cheryl Pearson ◽  
Mona Brown
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Capital Costs

Deregulation and growth in the power industry are causing dramatic changes in power production and distribution. The demand for peak power and potentially high revenues due to premium electricity rates has attracted independent developers to the concept of Merchant Power Plants (MPPs). Over 100,000 MW of greenfield capacity is currently being developed through approximately 200 merchant plants in North America. These MPPs will have no captive customers or long-term power purchase agreements, but will rely on selling electricity into a volatile electricity spot market. Because of this, MPPs need the capability to export as much power as possible on demand. MPPs must also have the capability to produce significant assets in order to compete in the marketplace, based on both technical and commercial operation factors such as value engineering, life-cycle cost management, and information technology. It is no surprise then, that almost all merchant project developers have specified combined cycle (CC) technology. The CC power plant offers the highest thermal efficiency of all electric generating systems commercially available today. It also exhibits low capital costs, low emissions, fuel and operating flexibility, low operation and maintenance costs, short installation schedule, and high reliability/availability. However, since gas turbines (GTs) are the basis for CC power plants, these plants experience power output reductions in the range of 10 to 15 percent during summer months, the period most associated with peak power demand. In order to regain this loss of output as well as to provide additional power to meet peak demands, the most common options are GT inlet fogging, GT steam injection, and heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) supplemental firing. This paper focuses on plant design, cycle performance, and the economics of plant configuration associated with these options. Guidelines are presented in this paper to assist the owner in selecting power enhancement options for the MPP that will maximize their Return on Equity (ROE).

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