Development of a Machine Understandable Language for Design Process Representation

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jami J. Shah ◽  
Plamen I. Bliznakov ◽  
Susan D. Urban
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Design Process ◽  
State University ◽  
Arizona State University ◽  
Description Language ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Broad Application ◽  
Process Representation ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Natural Way

Abstract This paper describes the work in progress at Arizona State University to develop a design process description language. The intent is to go beyond decision making level in recording design activities, thus providing a basis for broad application of the proposed representation. At the same time the granularity is limited to a feasible level. The design language proposed in this paper currently is Prolog-based. It is able to relate the sequence of actions to attributes of the design artifacts, thus, providing reference to the product data. Specifics of the design process which are reflected in a natural way include iterations of the activities, versioning of the designs, as well as reasons, purpose, constraints, and method / knowledge / technique used for design decisions (although the latter is currently done in a somewhat unstructured manner). The association between rationale, actions, and artifacts is captured, so explanation of previous designs is adequately supported.

scholarly journals Marketing Based Decision Making Process in Engineering Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.36) ◽  
pp. 854
Author(s):  
K. Palani Raj ◽  
G. Veeramani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Important Study ◽  
Process Manufacturing

Marketing based decision making process in engineering design is an important study required for industries. How to take efficient decision in design that influence marketing? Most of the engineering design decisions are based on consumer behaviour. Decision making in risk and uncertainty in engineering design is an important phenomenon. Cost and time are the two important factors that results loss because of inefficient decision and it affects marketing. Problems involved in marketing based engineering design and decision making process in solving problems is elaborately studied in this journal. How to choose a design in various alternatives, design process, manufacturing feasibility, material and methodology are the important factors that influences decision making in engineering design for marketing. Different types of theories in decision making process that helps in taking proper decision were studied in this journal. This study is based on data taken from various Research & Development centre in Industries. 

Ethics of Decision-Making in Islamic and Western Environments

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Muzaffar A. Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
American Business ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
State University ◽  
Arizona State University ◽  
Business World ◽  
Single Person ◽  
Problem Generation ◽  
Decision Environment

IntroductionWith the advent of ultra-modern communications technology and publicawareness of suspicious business practices, the question of ethics in decisionmakinghas become extremely important in today’s business world, incommercial as well as government sectors. A. M. Senia (1403 AH/ 1982AC) agrees with Dr. Mark Pastin of Arizona State University, that the keyto the success of American business is to divert its attention to the studyof, and implementation of ethics instead of turning to Japan for innovativeideas. Dr. Pastin concludes that the employees are more and more concernedabout the worthwhileness of their work rather than their economic survival.He suggests that by giving “real world examples-if, for instance, a firmadopts its own stricter guidelines for certain governmental regulations, thenit can meet the stringent governmental requirements and in the end, increasethe firm’s share of market. A clear proof of increasing awareness of the ethicsof decision-making is evident by the fact that the Center for Public and PrivateSector Ethics has acquired great popularity since its inception in 1400 AH/1980AC.Decision-making is an integral part of both day-to-day and long-termaffairs of a single individual or a group of individuals. Factors such as decisionmagnitude (major versus minor), decision impact (high versus low), thedecision-making body itself (a single person, a family, or a committee ofpersons), and decision environment (under certainty, risk, uncertainty, orcompetition) etc., are the determinants of whether or not a single individualor a group of individuals makes a decision. While Green and Tull (1407AH/1987 AC) and others break down the decision process into several steps(i.e., recognition of the problem, generation of alternatives, evaluation ofalternatives, and implementation of the selected alternative), the evaluation ...

Organization of Collaborative Decision Making to Form Design Processes

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Chen ◽  
Zahed Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Collaborative Design ◽  
Design System ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
Improve Design ◽  
Design Collaboration ◽  
Collaborative Environment ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Form Design

Design and development of a product requires considering different aspects of the product through coordination, negotiation, and discussion in a collaborative environment. Each participant plays a role as a stakeholder, generating information from his/her viewpoints or perspectives, which influence the design through his/her design decisions. Collaboration is essential in a design process to avoid decision making mistakes, to shorten design time, and to improve design quality. Specific focuses on design collaboration in this paper are: (i) Modeling collaborative design process; and (ii) Implementing design system to support real-time and synchronized group design activities.

scholarly journals Human-Centric Lighting: Foundational Considerations and a Five-Step Design Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin W. Houser ◽  
Tony Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Lighting Design ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Visual Effects ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Marketing Literature ◽  
Environmental Lighting ◽  
Design Guidance

At its best, human-centric lighting considers the visual and non-visual effects of light in support of positive human outcomes. At its worst, it is a marketing phrase used to healthwash lighting products or lighting design solutions. There is no doubt that environmental lighting contributes to human health, but how might one practice human-centric lighting given both the credible potential and the implausible hype? Marketing literature is filled with promises. Technical lighting societies have summarized the science but have not yet offered design guidance. Meanwhile, designers are in the middle, attempting to distinguish credible knowledge from that which is dubious to make design decisions that affect people directly. This article is intended to: (1) empower the reader with fundamental understandings of ways in which light affects health; (2) provide a process for human-centric lighting design that can dovetail with the decision-making process that is already a part of a designer's workflow.

Case study of integrated decision-making for deep energy-efficient retrofits

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelin Gultekin ◽  
Chimay J. Anumba ◽  
Robert M. Leicht
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
System Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
System Level ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – This paper aims to focus on the decision-making process of integrated system design. Buildings can benefit from different system integration working toward the unified goal of providing the needed conditions and improving the comfort level of occupants. It is important to engage all system needs and priorities in the design by keeping goal into consideration. Even though there is vast potential in the coordination of system design decisions, there is a need to increase the transparency of the decision-making process by developing methods to incorporate multi-dimensional design attributes. Design/methodology/approach – This is achieved by considering all system design priorities with respect to decision attributes, as well as the inter-system inputs based on information and knowledge. Data were collected through interviews, collaboration meetings and design document reviews, which helped to facilitate triangulation. Findings – This paper presents the findings of a case study of deep retrofit design process that seeks to reduce energy consumption through integrated system decisions with several system combinations. In addition, such design decisions highlighted the fact that the values need to be flexible at the system level. Research limitations/implications – This paper presents an in-depth analysis of a single case study. Multiple case studies are being investigated for the future of this research. Practical implications – This paper presents the methods used for integrated design process priorities that will enable design teams to make decisions that lead to improved energy performance in retrofit projects. Originality/value – The case study building in this paper is a showcase building with cutting edge technologies and techniques, as well as a scalable and collaborative design process. It is an example of a best-in-class retrofit process designed through whole building design principles within the target budget. The paper demonstrates system design selection criteria that are embraced by value prioritization.

Transfer optics for high spatial resolution electron spectroscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 666-667
Author(s):  
G. G. Hembree ◽  
Luo Chuan Hong ◽  
P.A. Bennett ◽  
J.A. Venables
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
State University ◽  
Arizona State University ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Low Energy Electrons

A new field emission scanning transmission electron microscope has been constructed for the NSF HREM facility at Arizona State University. The microscope is to be used for studies of surfaces, and incorporates several surface-related features, including provision for analysis of secondary and Auger electrons; these electrons are collected through the objective lens from either side of the sample, using the parallelizing action of the magnetic field. This collimates all the low energy electrons, which spiral in the high magnetic field. Given an initial field Bi∼1T, and a final (parallelizing) field Bf∼0.01T, all electrons emerge into a cone of semi-angle θf≤6°. The main practical problem in the way of using this well collimated beam of low energy (0-2keV) electrons is that it is travelling along the path of the (100keV) probing electron beam. To collect and analyze them, they must be deflected off the beam path with minimal effect on the probe position.

Will Love Tear Us Apart: Adapting the Lyrical to the Ludic

CounterText ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-235
Author(s):  
Gordon Calleja
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
The Core ◽  
Lyrical Poetry ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

This paper gives an insight into the design process of a game adaptation of Joy Division's Love Will Tear Us Apart (1980). It outlines the challenges faced in attempting to reconcile the diverging qualities of lyrical poetry and digital games. In so doing, the paper examines the design decisions made in every segment of the game with a particular focus on the tension between the core concerns of the lyrical work being adapted and established tenets of game design.

Readjustment of the Standard ASUDAS to Encompass Dental Morphological Variations in Plio-Pleistocene Hominins

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-48
Author(s):  
M. Louail ◽  
S. Prat
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
State University ◽  
Arizona State University ◽  
Dental Anthropology ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Fossil Hominins ◽  
Fossil Hominin

The standard ASUDAS scoring system (Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System) is used to assess dental morphological variations in modern humans. It is also frequently used to study, score, and compare morphological variations in fossil hominin taxa and to examine their phylogenetic relationships. However, using ASUDAS in studies of this type is under debate because it is based on modern Homo sapiens populations and does not appear to cover all variations observed in fossil Plio-Pleistocene homi- nins. Our observations and coding of 178 dentals casts of Plio-Pleistocene specimens based on ASUDAS and from the literature have confirmed the need to adapt the standard system to fossil hominins. In this initial study, we propose that the scoring procedures for some morphological characters need to be readjusted, while others could be standardized following the ASUDAS system.

Decálogos e inventarios

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4e) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Andoni Garritz ◽  
Andrés Raviolo
Keyword(s):  
State University ◽  
Arizona State University

<span>La investigación en torno a las concepciones alternativas (Wandersee, Mintzes, y Novak, 1994; Arizona State University, 2001; Flores, 2002) constituye una de las principales y fecundas líneas de investigación en Didáctica de las Ciencias que ha contribuido, en buena medida, a su surgimiento y consolidación como disciplina o campo de conocimiento (Gil, 1994; Adúriz-Bravo e Izquierdo, 2002). La Didáctica de la Química forma parte de esta ciencia.</span>

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