The Study of Magnetorheological Elastomer Based on Natural Rubber (NR)/Polybutadiene Rubber (BR) Hybrid Matrix: Experimental and Numerical Simulation

Abstract Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is a new kind of smart materials whose mechanical properties can be controlled under external magnetic field and it is mainly consist of matrix materials and magnetic particles. In this work, the natural rubber (NR)/polybutadiene rubber (BR) hybrid matrix based MRE were prepared and the compatibility of NR and BR were studied. The hybrid matrix was prepared by physical mixing method. The characterization results showed that the BR had excellent compatibility with NR. The measurement result using rheological showed that the MR effect can be increased to 44.19% by adding of BR. The dynamic thermomechanical analysis showed that the hybrid matrix formed a homogeneous system when the ratio of BR and NR is 1/9 and 3/7. The particles was mixed with matrix using physical technology. The process of mixing was analyzed by numerical simulation. The simulation result showed that the increase of diameter of particles would increase the temperature and velocity of matrix in mixing. The particles was distributed evenly at enough mixing time and the mixing time was decreased with the diameter of particles.

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The study of natural rubber/polybutadiene rubber hybrid matrix-based magnetorheological elastomer

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0892705719878222 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 089270571987822

Author(s):

Xincheng Song ◽

Wenju Wang ◽

Fufeng Yang ◽

Guoping Wang ◽

Xiaoting Rui

Keyword(s):

Energy Density ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Cohesive Energy ◽

Md Simulation ◽

Magnetic Particles ◽

Homogeneous System ◽

Magnetorheological Elastomer ◽

Cohesive Energy Density ◽

Hybrid Matrix ◽

Polybutadiene Rubber

Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) that consists of matrix materials and magnetic particles is a kind of smart material, whose mechanical properties were controllable under external magnetic field. In this work, natural rubber (NR)/polybutadiene rubber (BR) hybrid matrix-based MRE was prepared. The compatibility of NR and BR was studied by experiment and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. The hybrid matrix was prepared using the physical mixing method. The characterization results showed that BR had excellent compatibility with NR. The measurement result using rheometer showed that the MR effect can be increased to 44.19% by the addition of BR. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the hybrid matrix formed a homogeneous system when the ratio of BR and NR is 1:9 and 3:7. The MD simulation showed that the BR and NR are compatible and the cohesive energy density of hybrid matrix was smaller than BR and NR. The cohesive energy density of hybrid matrix was increased with the increase of BR.

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The Study of Magnetorheological Elastomer Based on Natural Rubber (NR)/Thermoplastic Elastomer SEBS Hybrid Matrix: Experimental and Numerical Simulation

Volume 6: 15th International Conference on Multibody Systems, Nonlinear Dynamics, and Control ◽

10.1115/detc2019-98296 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Xincheng Song ◽

Wenju Wang ◽

Fufeng Yang ◽

Guoping Wang ◽

Xiaoting Rui

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Smart Materials ◽

Magnetic Particles ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽

Multiphase Model ◽

Hybrid Matrix ◽

Mr Effect ◽

Physical Blending

Abstract Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) is one kind of smart materials which is mainly made up of matrix materials and magnetic particles, their mechanical properties can be controlled under an external magnetic field. Applications of MREs are limited as a result of their poor MR effect and mechanical performance, so enhancing MR effect of MREs are critical for their application. This study aimed to fabricate MREs with high MR effect, the thermoplastic elastomer styrene-ethylene butylene-styrene triblockcopolymer (SEBS) was added into natural rubber (NR) and physical blending technology was used to fabricate hybrid matrix based MREs. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis showed that, with the addition of SEBS, zero modulus of MREs increased from 0.50 MPa to 0.64 MPa and MR effect increased from 28.00% to 43.75%. The multiphase model in ANSYS software was adopted to analysis the process of physical blending. The numerical simulation result showed that it was more easy to mix matrix evenly with the increase of volume fraction of SEBS.

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The study of enhancement of magnetorheological effect based on natural rubber/thermoplastic elastomer SEBS hybrid matrix

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures ◽

10.1177/1045389x19888790 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 339-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xincheng Song ◽

Wenju Wang ◽

Fufeng Yang ◽

Guoping Wang ◽

Xiaoting Rui

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Smart Materials ◽

Carbonyl Iron ◽

Magnetic Particles ◽

Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽

Iron Particles ◽

Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽

Hybrid Matrix ◽

The Matrix ◽

Magnetorheological Effect

Magnetorheological elastomers are one kind of smart materials which consist of matrix materials and magnetic particles. The mechanical properties of magnetorheological elastomers were controllable under an external magnetic field. Applications of magnetorheological elastomers are limited as a result of their poor magnetorheological effect and mechanical performance, so enhancing the magnetorheological effect of them is critical for their application. Styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene based thermoplastic elastomer was added to natural rubber to fabricate hybrid matrix–based magnetorheological elastomers. Zero modulus of magnetorheological elastomers increased from 0.50 to 0.64 MPa and magnetorheological effect increased from 28.00% to 43.75% with the addition of styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene based thermoplastic elastomer. The contact angle of carbonyl iron particles with the matrix showed that styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene based thermoplastic elastomer can improve the compatibility of carbonyl iron particles with the matrix. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis has been carried out to investigate the internal structure of hybrid matrix–based magnetorheological elastomers.

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Study of crosslink structure and dynamic mechanical properties of magnetorheological elastomer: Effect of vulcanization system

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures ◽

10.1177/1045389x19835940 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (8) ◽

pp. 1189-1199 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Guanxin Shi ◽

Wenju Wang ◽

Huanglei Lu ◽

Guoping Wang ◽

Fufeng Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Smart Materials ◽

Crosslink Density ◽

Magnetic Particles ◽

Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽

Zero Field ◽

Magnetorheological Elastomer ◽

Dynamic Mechanical ◽

Particle Chains

Magnetorheological elastomers are a kind of intelligent and smart materials which are mainly composed of rubbery polymers and soft magnetic particles. The role of various vulcanization systems on the crosslink structures, curing properties, and dynamic mechanical properties of natural rubber–based magnetorheological elastomer was investigated. Conventional, semi-efficient, and efficient vulcanization systems were used and compared. It was found that the content of polysulfide linkages decreased and the monosulfide linkages increased when the vulcanization system was changed from conventional to semi-efficient and efficient vulcanization systems, respectively. The crosslink density has the same tendency with the content of polysulfide linkages. In all vulcanization systems, the zero-field modulus, magnetic-induced modulus, controllability of damping, and the degree of the influence of Payne effect of the samples had an increasing trend when the crosslink density decreased. Evidence from micrographs of scanning electron microscope showed that this was because the particle chains in the low crosslink density composites were longer and more aligned. As the proportion of monosulfide linkages increased, the value of the loss factor increased and the modulus of the composites was more affected by the increasing frequency.

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The field-dependent complex modulus of magnetorheological elastomers consisting of sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures ◽

10.1177/1045389x16682844 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (14) ◽

pp. 1993-2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Muntaz Hana Ahmad Khairi ◽

Saiful Amri Mazlan ◽

Ubaidillah ◽

Ku Zarina Ku Ahmad ◽

Seung-Bok Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Magnetic Particles ◽

Complex Modulus ◽

Excitation Frequency ◽

Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽

Magnetorheological Elastomer ◽

Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽

Storage And Loss Moduli ◽

The Matrix ◽

Magnetorheological Effect

In this work, epoxidized natural rubber-50 magnetorheological elastomer was synthesized using conventional rubber processing. The ester plasticizer sucrose acetate isobutyrate was then incorporated into epoxidized natural rubber-50 to soften the matrix and to improve the relative magnetorheological effect. The influence of sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester on the microstructures and properties of epoxidized natural rubber-50 magnetorheological elastomers were experimentally investigated. It has been identified that the addition of sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester can reduce the viscosity of the matrix and increase the mobility of magnetic particles in a matrix. The elongation of magnetorheological elastomer was increased by 19%, and the tensile strength was reduced by 17% at 10 wt% content of the sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester. It is observed that the employment of sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester enhanced the thermal stability leading to low degradation of the properties of magnetorheological elastomer. In rheology test, both absolute and relative magnetorheological effects were increased by 0.16 MPa and 23%, respectively, with incorporation of the 7.5-wt% sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester. It is also identified that the storage and loss moduli as well as loss factor are increased as the excitation frequency is increased. It is finally concluded that agglomeration issues in isotropic magnetorheological elastomer which degrade performances of magnetorheological elastomer application devices and systems can be resolved by the addition of sucrose acetate isobutyrate ester to epoxidized natural rubber-50 used in this work.

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Preparation and mechanical properties of the magnetorheological elastomer based on natural rubber/rosin glycerin hybrid matrix

Smart Materials and Structures ◽

10.1088/0964-1726/22/11/115029 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 115029 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Lin Ge ◽

Xinglong Gong ◽

Yanceng Fan ◽

Shouhu Xuan

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Magnetorheological Elastomer ◽

Hybrid Matrix

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Magnetorheological Elastomer based torsional vibration isolator for application in a prototype drilling shaft

Journal of Low Frequency Noise Vibration and Active Control ◽

10.1177/14613484211044627 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 146134842110446

Author(s):

Thaer M. I. Syam ◽

Asan G. A. Muthalif

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Torsional Vibration ◽

Smart Materials ◽

Magnetic Particles ◽

Vibration Isolation ◽

Drill String ◽

Vibration Isolator ◽

Magnetorheological Elastomer ◽

Rotational Vibration ◽

Active Vibration

Smart materials properties are altered using external stimuli such as temperature, pressure and magnetic field. Magnetorheological Elastomer (MRE) is a type of smart composite material consisting of a polymer matrix embedded with ferromagnetic particles. In the presence of an external magnetic field, its mechanical properties, such as stiffness, change due to the interaction between the magnetic particles, which have applications in vibration isolation. Unwanted vibration in machines can cause severe damage and machine breakdown. In this work, a semi-active vibration isolator using MRE is proposed for a potential application in a drilling system to isolate the torsional vibration. The MRE was fabricated with a 35% mass fraction (MF) consisted of silicon rubber and iron particles. It was fitted with aluminium couplers and attached to the shaft (drill string) to study its efficiency in vibration isolation under a magnetic field. Two tests were conducted on the drilling prototype setup used in this work; the first test was a hammer impact test. The torsional transfer function TTF analysis showed that the system’s natural frequency has shifted from 13.9 Hz to 17.5 Hz by the influence of increasing magnetic field around the MRE. The results showed that the continuous rotational vibration amplitude of the prototype is attenuated by more than 40%.

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Influence of Additives on Thermal Properties and Morphological of Magnetorheological Elastomer

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14.27784 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4.14) ◽

pp. 529

Author(s):

Ku Zarina Ku Ahmad ◽

MHA Khairi ◽

SA Mazlan

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Smart Materials ◽

Carbonyl Iron ◽

Magnetic Particles ◽

Base Material ◽

Rubber Matrix ◽

Iron Particles ◽

Soft Magnetic ◽

Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽

Roll Mill

Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are categorized as part of the smart materials class whose rheological properties can be altered under the influence of a magnetic field. MREs are fabricated by embedding soft magnetic particles such as carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) in a rubber matrix such as silicone and natural rubber. In this project, epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) is used as a base material with carbonyl iron particles. Sucrose Acetate Isobutyrate (SAIB) ester is added to the formulation to improve the viscosity and enhance the MRE properties. The isotropic MRE is fabricated using two roll mill and a compression mould. Various tests comprise mechanical, morphology, thermal and magnetic tests were conducted for MRE characterization purpose. The results showed that the addition of SAIB on the MRE had reduced 53% of viscosity in the rubber matrix compared to non-ester based MRE. Dispersion of magnetic particles is improved by the addition of ester as observed through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). Additionally, the thermal stability was also improved. Tensile strength of MRE consisting SAIB ester achieved maximum strength of 12.3 MPa and an elongation of 620% compared to non-ester based MRE.

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