Coordinator: A Robust Setup Planner That Does Early Detection of Fixture-Feature Interactions

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Faheem ◽  
C. C. Hayes ◽  
D. M. Gaines ◽  
J. F. Castaño
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
Feature Interactions ◽  
Manufacturing Information ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Set Up

Abstract This paper presents Coordinator, a process planner that uses a blend of geometric and manufacturing information to detect a broad variety of manufacturing interactions to sequence setups plans. This system is designed to be used by experts to reduce the time and effort required to produce good plans. Coordinator’s contributions is early detection of fixture-feature interactions (interferences between manufacturing operations in which one destroys clamping surfaces required by another). The ability to detect them early (i.e. prior to setup sequencing) eliminates the need for many re-planning cycles. These interactions are usually addressed only after set-up sequencing because sequencing determines part shape in each setup, which in turn affects clamping options. Coordinator addresses this problem through a representational which considers multiple possible workpiece shapes and clamping surfaces prior to setup sequencing. This representation enables Coordinator to consider fixture-feature interactions to sequence setups well in the first iteration, greatly reducing the need for iterative adjustment.

What Is a Manufacturing Interaction?

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Faheem ◽  
C. C. Hayes ◽  
J. F. Castaño ◽  
D. M. Gaines
Keyword(s):  
Precedence Constraints ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
Feature Interactions ◽  
Interaction Types

Abstract In this work we make a distinction between feature interactions and manufacturing interactions. These two terms are usually used interchangeably because feature and manufacturing interactions often occur together, but not always. However, we feel that it is important to make a distinction between feature interactions which result from volumetric intersections of features presenting difficulties for features extractors, and manufacturing interactions which occur when two manufacturing operations interfere with each other’s execution, and present a problem to the process planner. By separating these definitions it allows us to focus separately on each phenomena. In this paper our focus is on manufacturing interactions. We present a non-exhaustive catalog of common manufacturing interaction types in CNC machining, and discuss how they result in precedence constraints in the manufacturing plan.

scholarly journals Setup Changeover Time Reduction in 4 Wheel Drive Front Axle Differential Case Cone Bearing Pressing Process – SMED Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S4) ◽  
pp. 944-947
Keyword(s):  
Operating Cost ◽  
Front Axle ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Time Reduction ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Assembly Production ◽  
Real Challenge

Single minute Exchange of Die is one of the LEAN approach to reduce the set up change over time and seven kind of losses due to the weakness in the initial process customization. Manufacturing organizations faces problem in reduction of cost and increasing the efficiency or productivity which is real challenge in the manufacturing operations. In the highly competitive or globalized society the manufacturer need to find a method to reduce the cost and production time to reduce the operating cost and Quality of product and Reliability. This paper deals with the basic over view of a reduction in set up time in a sub assembly stage of an auto sector by Setup Changeover Time Reduction (SMED). It is definitely possible to reduce the set up times and cost of sub assembly production considerably by simple modifications or improvements. The reduction of set up time can be done with the help of SMED methodology. Various types of industries can apply the SMED Methodology to reduce their set up times.

Hemoglobinopathy Screening During Early Pregnancy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-883
Author(s):  
Kwame Anyane-Yeboa
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Set Up

Screening during early pregnancy is desirable for monitoring the mothers' health and pregnancy. Newborn screening for hemoglobinopathy is desirable for early detection of infants with sickle cell disease and referral for care. Parents of infants with trait should also be tested and counseled. The resources required to set up a program that selectively screens babies of mothers with trait are enormous.

scholarly journals Sticky traps as an early detection tool for crawlers of Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey G Fidgen ◽  
Mark C Whitmore ◽  
Kala D Studens ◽  
Chris J K Macquarrie ◽  
Jean J Turgeon
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Sticky Trap ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Detection Tool ◽  
Set Up

Abstract We developed an approach using sticky trap arrays as an early detection tool for populations of first-instar nymphs of the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand), a pest of hemlocks (Tsuga spp. [Pinaceae]) in North America. We considered the detection rate of at least one nymph from trapping arrays consisting of one to six sticky panels, where we varied both the surface area of each trap that we assessed and the length of the trapping duration. We also estimated the time needed to set up, service, and assess groups of traps and attempted to relate capture of nymphs on traps to incidence and abundance of A. tsugae in the canopy above the traps. Arrays consisting of two traps provided a detection rate of 75% when 87.5% of the surface area of each trap was assessed, a process that required 38 min per array. The probability of detecting nymphs on traps left in the field for 5–6 d was similar to that for traps left for 12 d. The number of nymphs trapped in an array predicted the probability of finding A. tsugae in the canopy but only when all six traps were fully assessed. To reliably detect incipient A. tsugae infestations, we recommend placing arrays of traps at 1 km intervals along the perimeter of a stand during peak activity of first-instar sistentes nymphs and servicing these arrays every 5–7 d.

scholarly journals A Geospatial Approach for Mapping the Earthquake-Induced Liquefaction Risk at the European Scale

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Francesca Bozzoni ◽  
Roberta Bonì ◽  
Daniele Conca ◽  
Claudia Meisina ◽  
Carlo G. Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Independent Random Variables ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Soil Instability

This paper presents a geospatial methodology for zoning the earthquake-induced soil liquefaction risk at a continental scale and set-up in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment by coupling data-driven and knowledge-driven approaches. It is worth mentioning that liquefaction is a phenomenon of soil instability occurring at a very local spatial scale; thus, the mega-zonation of liquefaction risk at a continental scale is a hard facing challenge. Since the risk from natural disasters is the convolution of hazard, vulnerability, and exposure, the liquefaction risk mapping is based on the combination of geospatial explanatory variables, available at the continental scale, of the previously listed three assumed independent random variables. First, by applying a prediction model calibrated for Europe, the probability of liquefaction is mapped for the whole continent. Then, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is adopted to identify areas that have a high risk of liquefaction, taking into account proxy data for exposure. The maps are computed for different levels of severity of ground shaking specified by three return periods (i.e., 475, 975, and 2475 years). A broad variety of stakeholders would benefit from the outcomes of this study, such as civil protection organizations, insurance and re-insurance companies, and infrastructure operators.

scholarly journals Advocacy for Early Detection and Treatment of Cervix and Breast Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 150s-150s
Author(s):  
P. Shukla ◽  
N. Tripathi ◽  
P. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Information Centre ◽  
Early Action ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Background and context: According to ICO Information Centre on HPV and Cancer (HPV Information Centre) 2014 in females with 23.8% breast cancer is highest and at 20.2% cervix cancer comes at number 2 in India. India has a population of 432.20 million women aged 15 years and older who are at risk for developing cervical cancer. Current estimates indicate that every year 122,844 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and 67,477 die of the disease. Cervical cancer in India ranks as the 2nd most frequent cancer among women between 15 and 44 years of age. Aim: Accessibility for the early detection of cervix and breast cancer for the females in Uttar Pradesh. Strategy/Tactics: Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh the most populous State of India having 1/6 of population and equivalent burden of cervical cancer. Any action aimed at an effect in Lucknow shall further have impact in the entire state. Advocacy training was organized at Lucknow on the occasion of “World Cancer Day” (4th February) with material for capacity building of organizations working on cervical cancer and female health. We were able to mobilize 10 different organizations working for cervical cancer and female health issue. Presence of Hon'ble Governor and Principal Health Secretary enabled us in making a dent on the issue from the very beginning. His Excellency the Governor of Uttar Pradesh being a cancer survivor was the best advocate, stressing during the lecture on the need to address the issue. Principal Health Secretary, the ultimate deciding authority for developing the policies assured for full cooperation and early action. Program/Policy process: Principal Health Secretary of Government of Uttar Pradesh announced to establish the screening clinics forscreening of cervical cancer in 23 districts of Uttar Pradesh. Treatment facilities would be provided in all the government medical colleges of Uttar Pradesh. The clinic set up shall be monitored by National Health Mission Unit of Uttar Pradesh. Outcomes: Currently Sampoorna clinics are established in 28 districts of Uttar Pradesh which is for females of age group 15 to 60 years for all kind of screening, advice and treatment. What was learned: For advocacy we need ground work to be done before meeting to any policy maker to influence the policy. Different organization working on the same or related issues has to bring together to strengthen the impact.

scholarly journals Assessing a risk-avoidance navigation system based on localized torrential rain data

2020 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Sadanori Ito ◽  
Zettsu Koji
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Route Guidance ◽  
Risk Avoidance ◽  
Torrential Rain ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Traffic Optimization

Localized torrential rainfall events and related traffic problems are increasing in Japan, suggesting the need for a navigation-alert system to help drivers avoid such risks. Based on ongoing developments of weather radar systems for early detection of localized torrential rain and a cross-data collaboration platform for traffic optimization, in this study we tested the application of a route-guidance system that can help drivers avoid heavy rainfall. Participants were given equivalent levels of pre-training un the early detection of rainfall and the relationship between rainfall and accidents, then allowed to test a driving simulator set up with four alert methods, three route options, and four levels of possible risk avoidance. Using this system, the heavy rain avoidance rate was 85.63%, suggesting that such a system would be socially acceptable and useful, though further research is needed to refine the specific approach.

Japan's Multinational Enterprise: The Political Economy of Outward Dependency

1978 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-537
Author(s):  
Terutomo Ozawa
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Poor Country ◽  
Multinational Enterprise ◽  
World Market ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
Resource Poor Country ◽  
Japanese Industry ◽  
Overseas Investment ◽  
New Form ◽  
Set Up

Japan has suddenly emerged as a powerful home country for multinational corporations, offering a new form of competition in the world market. She is making all-out efforts to set up manufacturing operations overseas, in addition to ventures in extractive industries in which Japan, as a resource-poor country, is naturally interested. For a number of reasons, Japan has taken up direct overseas production as a national desideratum, even though the majority of individual firms are not ready to do so on their own. A variety of governmental measures have been taken to defray part of the private costs and to realize the social benefits of overseas investment. The article explores how and why Japanese industry has suddenly gone multinational; it examines the sources of competitiveness in this new form of international economic activity, and points out that overseas investment is now an integral part of Japan's strategy for economic growth and of her foreign economic diplomacy.

The Effects of Drying Techniques on Clay-Rich Soil Texture

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
T. G. Naymik
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Quartz Grains

Three techniques were incorporated for drying clay-rich specimens: air-drying, freeze-drying and critical point drying. In air-drying, the specimens were set out for several days to dry or were placed in an oven (80°F) for several hours. The freeze-dried specimens were frozen by immersion in liquid nitrogen or in isopentane at near liquid nitrogen temperature and then were immediately placed in the freeze-dry vacuum chamber. The critical point specimens were molded in agar immediately after sampling. When the agar had set up the dehydration series, water-alcohol-amyl acetate-CO2 was carried out. The objectives were to compare the fabric plasmas (clays and precipitates), fabricskeletons (quartz grains) and the relationship between them for each drying technique. The three drying methods are not only applicable to the study of treated soils, but can be incorporated into all SEM clay soil studies.

Evaluation of Freezing Methods by Low Temperature X-Ray Diffraction

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 330-333
Author(s):  
T. Gulik-Krzywicki ◽  
M.J. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Biological Materials ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Set Up

Freeze-etching electron microscopy is currently one of the best methods for studying molecular organization of biological materials. Its application, however, is still limited by our imprecise knowledge about the perturbations of the original organization which may occur during quenching and fracturing of the samples and during the replication of fractured surfaces. Although it is well known that the preservation of the molecular organization of biological materials is critically dependent on the rate of freezing of the samples, little information is presently available concerning the nature and the extent of freezing-rate dependent perturbations of the original organizations. In order to obtain this information, we have developed a method based on the comparison of x-ray diffraction patterns of samples before and after freezing, prior to fracturing and replication.Our experimental set-up is shown in Fig. 1. The sample to be quenched is placed on its holder which is then mounted on a small metal holder (O) fixed on a glass capillary (p), whose position is controlled by a micromanipulator.

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