Real-Time and Robust Estimation of Biodiesel Blends Based on Fuel Consumption and Crankshaft Torsionals

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mirheidari ◽  
M. A. Franchek ◽  
K. M. Grigoriadis ◽  
J. Mohammadpour ◽  
Y. Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Robust Estimation ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Adaptive Estimation ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Engine Control System ◽  
Biodiesel Blend ◽  
Robust Adaptive

Biodiesel is a renewable alternative fuel which produces lower exhaust emissions compared to its petroleum-based counterpart, diesel. While all of the emissions are less for biodiesel compared to diesel fuel, nitrogen oxides (NOx) increases. To meet the emissions requirements by engine manufacturers, information about biodiesel fuel must be provided for engine control system to be able to compensate the increase in NOx emissions caused by using biodiesel. Moreover, biodiesel blend information can be useful to improve performance on the biodiesel fueled engine. Biodiesel blend estimation based on fuel consumption and produced engine torque is investigated in this paper. This strategy is fitted in a robust adaptive estimation structure for achieving a robust estimation. Sensitivity analysis has been done to check the robustness of the estimators against measurement errors.

Real-Time and Robust Estimation of Biodiesel Blends Using NOx Sensor

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mirheidari ◽  
M. A. Franchek ◽  
K. M. Grigoriadis ◽  
J. Mohammadpour ◽  
Y. Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Robust Estimation ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Adaptive Estimation ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Engine Control System ◽  
Nox Sensor ◽  
Biodiesel Blend ◽  
Robust Adaptive

Biodiesel as a renewable alternative fuel produces lower exhaust emissions with the exception of nitrogen oxides (NOx) when compared to the conventional diesel fuel. Reducing nitrogen oxides produced from engines running on biodiesel is a challenging task to be able to meet the emission requirements. Knowledge of fuel blend could be very helpful for control and adaptation purposes to tune the engine control system parameters leading to lower NOx emission and improved engine performance. Proposed in this paper is a NOx sensor-based biodiesel blend estimation strategy. This strategy is fitted in a robust adaptive estimation structure for achieving a robust estimation. Sensitivity analysis has been done to check the robustness of the estimators against measurement errors.

The Effects of Biodiesel Fuel Blends on Exhaust Emissions From a General Electric Tier 2 Line-Haul Locomotive

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin Osborne ◽  
Steve Fritz ◽  
Doug Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Measurement Variation ◽  
Duty Cycles ◽  
Biodiesel Blend

This paper documents exhaust emission test results from a Tier 2 General Electric ES44DC line-haul locomotive with 3,280 kW rated traction power, and the impact of biodiesel fuel blends on regulated exhaust emissions. Baseline exhaust emission testing was performed with a test fuel containing a sulfur concentration of approximately 400 ppm, and was followed by testing of fuel blends containing 2%, 10%, 20%, and 100% soybean derived biodiesel (B2, B10, B20, B100). Gaseous and particulate emissions were sampled per Title 40 of the United States Code of Federal Regulations, Part 92. Test results indicate particulate matter (PM) reductions occurred over the EPA Locomotive Line-Haul and Switch Duty Cycles for each biodiesel blend tested, as compared to the base fuel. The bulk of the PM reduction benefit was present with the 10% biodiesel blend, with comparatively small additional amounts of PM reductions found with increased amounts of biodiesel. PM reduction associated with biodiesel was greater over the Switch Duty Cycle than for the Line-Haul Duty Cycle. The change in cycle weighted oxides of nitrogen (NOx) for B2, B10, and B20 were not greater than the expected test measurement variation; however, B100 increased NOx by nearly 15% over the line-haul cycle. Changes in hydrocarbon (HC) emissions over the duty cycles were within normal test measurement variation except for neat biodiesel, where HC was reduced by 21% and 24% over the Line-Haul and Switch cycles. Carbon Monoxide (CO) reductions of 17% and 24% over the Line-Haul cycle were measured for B20 and B100, as compared to the base fuel. Volumetric fuel consumption increased about 1% for both B2 and B10 blends. Just over 2% increase in volumetric fuel consumption was observed at B20 and nearly 7% increase in volumetric fuel consumption at B100.

Biodiesel fuel blend performance evaluation using a radial finned tube heater

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-561
Author(s):  
Danar Susilo Wijayanto ◽  
Nugroho Agung Pambudi ◽  
Yusuf Wijaya ◽  
Ngatou Rohman ◽  
Husin Bugis
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Finned Tube ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Biodiesel Blend ◽  
Fuel Blending

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to experimentally investigate the effect of biodiesel fuel blending and heating on engine torque and power. Design/methodology/approach To obtain torque and power data, a 1200 AWD dynamometer was used. The 1200 AWD dynamometer is a device used to obtain readings, and is made up of a chassis, inertia roller, roller sensor and converter modules, and can also be connected to a personal computer. Findings The result revealed that biodiesel blending and heating significantly affected torque and power. When only biodiesel blend ratio was varied, the highest torque and power were obtained at 30 per cent fuel blending. Also, the highest torque and power were obtained at 20 mm when only a spaced finned tube heater was used. When both variables were combined, the highest torque was obtained at a 20 per cent biodiesel blend and a 10 mm radial radiator finned spacing. Maximum power for two variables was obtained at the 20 per cent blend ratio and 20 mm finned tube heater spacing. Originality/value A novel radial finned tube heater is used.

The Effects of Biodiesel Fuel Blends on Exhaust Emissions From a General Electric Tier 2 Line-Haul Locomotive

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin Osborne ◽  
Steve Fritz ◽  
Doug Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Measurement Variation ◽  
Duty Cycles ◽  
Biodiesel Blend

This paper documents the exhaust emission test results from a Tier 2 General Electric ES44DC line-haul locomotive with 3280 kW rated traction power and the impact of biodiesel fuel blends on regulated exhaust emissions. Baseline exhaust emission testing was performed with a test fuel containing a sulfur concentration of approximately 400 ppm and was followed by testing of fuel blends containing 2%, 10%, 20%, and 100% soybean derived biodiesel (B2, B10, B20, and B100). Gaseous and particulate emissions were sampled per Title 40 of the United States Code of Federal Regulations, Part 92. Test results indicate particulate matter (PM) reductions occurred over the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) locomotive line-haul and switch duty cycles for each biodiesel blend tested, as compared with the base fuel. The bulk of the PM reduction benefit was present with the 10% biodiesel blend, with comparatively small additional amounts of PM reductions found with increased amounts of biodiesel. PM reduction associated with biodiesel was greater over the switch duty cycle than for the line-haul duty cycle. The change in cycle weighted oxides of nitrogen (NOx) for B2, B10, and B20 was not greater than the expected test measurement variation; however, B100 increased NOx by nearly 15% over the line-haul cycle. Changes in hydrocarbon (HC) emissions over the duty cycles were within normal test measurement variation except for neat biodiesel, where HC was reduced by 21% and 24% over the line-haul and switch cycles, respectively. Carbon monoxide reductions of 17% and 24% over the line-haul cycle were measured for B20 and B100, respectively, as compared with the base fuel. Volumetric fuel consumption increased to about 1% for both B2 and B10 blends. Just over 2% increase in volumetric fuel consumption was observed at B20 and nearly 7% increase in volumetric fuel consumption at B100.

Optimization of the Performance and Emissions of Soy Biodiesel Blends in a Modern Diesel Engine

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Bunce ◽  
David Snyder ◽  
Gayatri Adi ◽  
Carrie Hall ◽  
Gregory Shaver
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Noise ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Rail Pressure ◽  
Biodiesel Blend

As the world is faced with continued petroleum demand, the need for alternative fuels which are renewable and domestically available is becoming apparent. Biodiesel is one such attractive alternative fuel which has physical and chemical properties similar to, and miscible with conventional diesel. While biodiesel does have many advantages, due to fuel property differences including oxygenation and a lower calorific value than diesel fuel, biodiesel combustion often results in higher fuel consumption and higher nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions than diesel combustion. Stock diesel engine design and decision making target optimal performance with conventional diesel fuel, leading to suboptimal results for biodiesel. This study aimed to determine the appropriate engine decision making for the air/fuel ratio (AFR), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) fraction, injection (rail) pressure, and start of main fuel injection (SOI) in a modern common rail diesel engine using variable geometry turbo-charging and operating with varying blend ratios of diesel and soy-based biodiesel fuel mixtures to minimize brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and adhere to strict combustion noise, NOx and particulate matter (PM) emission constraints. When operating with the stock engine decision making, biodiesel blend combustion resulted in increases in NOx of up to 39% and fuel consumption increases up to 20% higher than the nominal diesel levels but also had substantial reductions in PM. Through modulation of the AFR, EGR fracton, rail pressure, and SOI at several operating points, it was demonstrated that the optimal engine decision-making for biodiesel shifted to lower AFRs and higher EGR fractions in order to reduce NOx, and shifted to more advanced timings in order to mitigate the observed increases in fuel consumption at the nominal settings. The optimal parameter combinations for B5 (5% biodiesel and 95% diesel), B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel) and B100 (100% biodiesel) still maintained substantial PM reductions but resulted in NOx and noise levels below nominal diesel levels. However, these parameter combinations had little impact on reducing the biodiesel fuel consumption penalty but did improve the thermal efficiency of biodiesel blend combustion.

STUDI PENENTUAN KOMPOSISI OPTIMUM CAMPURAN BAHAN BAKAR BIODIESEL–PETRODIESEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soni S. Wirawan dkk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Biodiesel Blend

Biodiesel is a viable substitute for petroleum-based diesel fuel. Its advantages are improved lubricity, higher cetane number and cleaner emission. Biodiesel and its blends with petroleum-based diesel fuel can be used in diesel engines without any signifi cant modifi cations to the engines. Data from the numerous research reports and test programs showed that as the percent of biodiesel in blends increases, emission of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) all decrease, but the amount of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and fuel consumption is tend to increase. The most signifi cant hurdle for broader commercialization of biodiesel is its cost. In current fuel price policy in Indonesia (especially fuel for transportation), the higher percent of biodiesel in blend will increase the price of blends fuel. The objective of this study is to assess the optimum blends of biodiesel with petroleum-based diesel fuel from the technically and economically consideration. The study result recommends that 20% biodiesel blend with 80% petroleum-based diesel fuel (B20) is the optimum blend for unmodifi ed diesel engine uses.Keywords: biodiesel, emission, optimum, blend

Optimal integrated energy management and shift control in parallel hybrid electric vehicles with dual-clutch transmission

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 599-609
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Li ◽  
Daniel Görges
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Weighting Factor ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Shift Control ◽  
Parallel Hybrid ◽  
Power Split ◽  
Hc Emissions

This paper addresses the integration of the energy management and the shift control in parallel hybrid electric vehicles with dual-clutch transmission to reduce the fuel consumption, decrease the pollutant emissions, and improve the driving comfort simultaneously. Dynamic programming with a varying weighting factor in the cost function is proposed to balance the shift frequency and the fuel consumption for the power-split control and gear schedule design. Simulation results present that the drivability can be improved with a varying weighting factor due to fewer shift events while the fuel consumption is only slightly increased compared to dynamic programming with a constant weighting factor. A shift-energy-management strategy integrating the upshift and power-split control based on a multi-objective optimization is presented where model predictive control is employed to ensure engine load rate constraints. The strategy can smoothen the engine torque through torque compensation from the electric motor to prevent engine transient emissions resulting from a sudden load change. In a simulation study, the NOx and HC emissions could be reduced by 1.4% and 2.6% with 2% increase of the overall fuel consumption for the Federal Test Procedure 75 by smoothening the engine torque. For the New European Driving Cycle, 0.9% and 1.1% reduction of NOx and HC emissions could be achieved with only 0.3% more fuel consumption.

Robust Adaptive Kalman Filtering – a method based on quasi-accurate detection and plant noise variance–covariance matrix tuning

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowen Luo ◽  
Haitao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Adaptive Estimation ◽  
Detailed Calculation ◽  
Equivalent Weight ◽  
Noise Variance ◽  
Adaptive Kalman Filter ◽  
Factor Matrix ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Robust Adaptive

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for tuning both the kinematic and measurement noise Variance–Covariance (VCV) matrices to produce a more robust and adaptive Kalman filter. The proposed algorithm simultaneously considers both observation outliers and abrupt changes. This algorithm may be divided into two basic parts: 1. Robust estimation, from which the position components of the filtering estimates and the equivalent weight factor matrix can be obtained; and 2. Adaptive estimation, from which the adaptive kinematic noise VCV tuning matrix is calculated. To demonstrate the efficiency of our algorithm, we process a set of kinematic Global Positioning System (GPS) data received from a rover mounted on an aeroplane. The processing results are found to be very satisfactory, with observation outliers and abrupt changes detected and dealt with accordingly. The detailed calculation procedure for the adaptive VCV tuning matrix is also described.

Dynamic Modeling and Control of an Hybrid Electric Powertrain for Simulation Under Transient Conditions

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronan Crosnier ◽  
Jean-Franc¸ois Hetet
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Power Stroke ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
And Control ◽  
Engine Map

This article presents a causal, forward looking approach for the hybrid electric vehicle where the typical performance engine map representation has been modified. The need for a more physical model of the power stroke process has been fulfilled with “the filling and emptying” method. The thermodynamic states in the intake and exhaust systems are calculated, while the in-cylinder process is still based on the engine fuel consumption map as a calibrated data. Comparisons with the conventional model are established, most important is the response of the engine torque under the load demand. This notion of an “available” torque is taken into account by the energy management strategy. Changes on the distribution of energy flow in order to meet the required torque at the wheel are observed and influence of this modelisation on the fuel consumption over various driving cycles is evaluated.

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