Study of Catalytic Pyrolysis of Chlorella with γ-Al2O3 Catalyst

2013 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 562-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Liu ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Qing Jie Guo
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Yield

Chlorella samples were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor with γ-Al2O3 or ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst at 600°C. Liquid oil samples was collected from pyrolysis experiments in a condenser and characterized for water content, kinematic viscosity and heating value. In the presence of catalysts , gas yield decreased and liquid yield increased when compared with non-catalytic pyrolysis at the same temperatures. Moreover, pyrolysis oil from catalytic with γ-Al2O3 runs carries lower water content and lower viscosity and higher heating value. Comparison of two catalytic products, the results were showed that γ-Al2O3 has a higher activity than that of ZSM-5 molecular sieve. The acidity distribution in these samples has been measured by t.p.d, of ammonia, the γ-Al2O3 shows a lower acidity. The γ-Al2O3 catalyst shows promise for production of high-quality bio-oil from algae via the catalytic pyrolysis.

scholarly journals Multi-parametric optimization of the catalytic pyrolysis of pig hair into bio-oil

Clean Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-535
Author(s):  
Henry Oghenero Orugba ◽  
Jeremiah Lekwuwa Chukwuneke ◽  
Henry Chukwuemeka Olisakwe ◽  
Innocent Eteli Digitemie
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Oxide Catalyst ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Temperature Heating

Abstract The low yield and poor fuel properties of bio-oil have made the pyrolysis production process uneconomic and also limited bio-oil usage. Proper manipulation of key pyrolysis variables is paramount in order to produce high-quality bio-oil that requires less upgrading. In this research, the pyrolysis of pig hair was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor using a calcium oxide catalyst derived from calcination of turtle shells. In the pyrolysis process, the influence of three variables—temperature, heating rate and catalyst weight—on two responses—bio-oil yield and its higher heating value (HHV)—were investigated using Response Surface Methodology. A second-order regression-model equation was obtained for each response. The optimum yield of the bio-oil and its HHV were obtained as 51.03% and 21.87 mJ/kg, respectively, at 545oC, 45.17oC/min and 2.504 g of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and catalyst weight, respectively. The high R2 values of 0.9859 and 0.9527, respectively, obtained for the bio-oil yield and its HHV models using analysis of variance revealed that the models can adequately predict the bio-oil yield and its HHV from the pyrolysis process.

scholarly journals Improved Bio-Oil Quality from Pyrolysis of Pine Biomass in Pressurized Hydrogen

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Jingliang Wang ◽  
Shanshan Wang ◽  
Jianwen Lu ◽  
Mingde Yang ◽  
Yulong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Oil Quality ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Hydrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Ethyl Hexadecanoate ◽  
Area Percentage

The pyrolysis of pine sawdust was carried out in a fixed bed reactor heated from 30 °C to a maximum of 700 °C in atmospheric nitrogen and pressurized hydrogen (5 MPa). The yield, elemental composition, thermal stability, and composition of the two pyrolysis bio-oils were analyzed and compared. The result shows that the oxygen content of the bio-oil (17.16%) obtained under the hydrogen atmosphere was lower while the heating value (31.40 MJ/kg) was higher than those of bio-oil produced under nitrogen atmosphere. Compounds with a boiling point of less than 200 °C account for 63.21% in the bio-oil at pressurized hydrogen atmosphere, with a proportion 14.69% higher than that of bio-oil at nitrogen atmosphere. Furthermore, the hydrogenation promoted the formation of ethyl hexadecanoate (peak area percentage 19.1%) and ethyl octadecanoate (peak area percentage 15.42%) in the bio-oil. Overall, high pressure of hydrogen improved the bio-oil quality derived from the pyrolysis of pine biomass.

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Palm Empty Fruit Bunch over Activated Natural Dolomite Catalyst: Product Distribution and Product Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 991 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Arif Hidayat ◽  
Muflih Arisa Adnan ◽  
Achmad Chafidz
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Yield

In this study, an activated natural dolomite catalyst is used as catalyst for the palm empty fruit bunches (PEFB) pyrolysis to produce bio-oil. The research was conducted in fixed bed reactors operating in batches by varying several parameters, which are temperature (400-600°C) and nitrogen gas flow rate (100-300 mL.min-1). The results show that the catalytic pyrolysis process using an activated natural dolomite catalyst obtains a maximum liquid yield of 35.87% when using a 500°C catalytic pyrolysis temperature and the rate of nitrogen gas is 100 cm3/minute, while the yield of gas and solids is 53.12% and 11.76%, respectively. The use of the dolomite activation catalyst influences the product distribution of pyrolysis and the bio-oil chemical compounds.

Two-Step Catalytic Pyrolysis of Corn Stover in a Dual Bed Reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 1051 ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Ping Zhong ◽  
Zu Wei Song ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Zhi Chao Liu ◽  
Ze Yu Xue
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Catalytic Reforming ◽  
Reforming Catalysts ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Catalyst

Experiments on the catalytic pyrolysis of corn stover and catalytic reforming of pyrolysis vapors were conducted in a tubular fixed-bed reactor. The influence of reaction temperature, pyrolysis catalysts, dosage of pyrolysis catalysts and dosage of reforming catalysts were investigated. The results showed that with the increase of reaction temperature, the oil and char yields decreased and the gas yield increased. The highest-quality bio-oil was achieved at the reaction temperature of 400 °C, and dolomite showed a best performance on the biomass pyrolysis compared to other catalysts. Besides, When the dosage of pyrolysis catalyst was 1 g, the relative content of aromatic was 43.92 wt% and the relative content of acids was 47.58 wt%, and when the dosage of reforming catalyst was 2 g, the relative content of aromatic was 34.1 wt% and the relative content of acids was 58.7 wt%.

Review of Reactor and Catalyst in the Pyrolysis of Biomass for Liquid Fuels

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 552-557
Author(s):  
Xiao Xiong Zhang ◽  
Guan Yi Chen ◽  
Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

Due to the rapid growth of energy consumption, fossil-based fuel is at the verge of extinction. Hence, the world needs new energy to substitute for the non-renewable energy resources. Various biomass resources have been discussed by virtue of the ability of generating alternative fuels, chemicals and energy-related products. To date, the utilization of biomass is mainly thermochemical conversion which involves combustion, gasification and pyrolysis. The focus, currently, is on the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass. A variety of reactors are designed and many new catalysts for the yields of liquid products and upgrading of bio-oil are investigated. Different reactors have their own unique characteristics, and fixed bed reactor is not complicated and can be controlled easily but is difficult to upsize. Fluidized bed has a good suitability for different kinds of biomass but is more complex in structure and more difficult to control. Compared with non-catalytic pyrolysis, the quality of bio-oil improves considerably in the presence of a catalyst. Different catalysts exert different effects on the upgrading of bio-oil. HZSM-5 can reduce a vast output of acid compounds and increases hydrocarbon yields. Au/Al2O3 catalyst leads to an increase of H2 yield. All the catalysts can promote the upgrading of pyrolysis products. Optimal yields and the best quality of bio-oil can be obtained by an appropriate reactor with a proper catalyst.

scholarly journals Catalytic pyrolysis of agricultural and forestry wastes in a fixed-bed reactor using K2CO3 as the catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Haojie Fan ◽  
Xuelun Chang ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Zhongxiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liquid Yield

Catalytic pyrolysis of three different agricultural and forestry wastes (pinewood, peanut shell, rice straw) was performed in a fixed-bed reactor heated slowly under a stream of purging argon in the temperature range from 300 °C to 700 °C using K2CO3 as the catalyst. The aim of this study is to investigate the gaseous, liquid, and solid products derived from three different biomasses, and to ascertain the effects of K2CO3 on the pyrolysis behaviours. The products’ yields correlated with the composition of the biomasses and the addition of catalyst in the biomasses. The addition of K2CO3 described a strong catalysis in all three phases of the products: The liquid yield decreased obviously in contrast to the increase in gas yield. The liquid yields of pinewood and peanut shell demonstrated a remarkable decrease, while that of rice straw demonstrated the least decrease owing to a significant difference between the fibre composition of rice straw and those of the other two biomasses. This catalytic pyrolysis procedure was observed to produce low yields of liquid that contained high proportions of ketones and phenols, with minor acids, aldehydes, and furans. Among the three, the phenols of rice straw indicated the most obvious increase, while guaiacols decreased significantly, indicating that K2CO3 facilitated the secondary decomposition of guaiacols. Generally, for K2CO3 catalyst, the order of catalytic effect was pinewood > peanut shell > rice straw.

Potentiality of combined catalyst for high quality bio-oil production from catalytic pyrolysis of pinewood using an analytical Py-GC/MS and fixed bed reactor

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1737-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Maksudur Rahman ◽  
Nishu ◽  
Manobendro Sarker ◽  
Meiyun Chai ◽  
Chong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Bio Oil

scholarly journals Pyrolysis yields of tobacco crop residue as a potential alternative fuel source

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Widya Wijayanti ◽  
◽  
Mega Nur Sasongko ◽  
Musyaroh Musyaroh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Liquid Yield

This study aims to utilize the tobacco crop residue to generate a high economic value for the energy sector. In general notion, tobacco crop is burned as a conventional fuel at low prices; however, in this research, tobacco crop residue was processed through pyrolysis in the form of pyrolysis products (liquid and solid yields) providing a promising alternative fuel fulfilling the standardized fuel properties. The pyrolysis was conducted at a laboratory-scale real pilot plant experiment at a fixed bed reactor and was operated at temperature of around 350 °C to 650 °C for 2 hours to navigate the most optimum product. Further, the products comprising char (solid yield) and tar (liquid yield) were investigated by measuring their properties, which include heating value, flash point, viscosity, density, and char yields’ morphology. The measurement results indicated that the heating value of tobacco crop residue from pyrolysis process significantly escalated to 300% compared to that of tobacco crop residue before pyrolysis process. Similarly, several tar properties indicated the liquid fuel standard such as kerosene. Additionally, another product in the form of solid yields is proved to be utilized as a smart material besides having a higher heating value over coal, due to the high-quality carbon specifications. However, further processing is encouraged to navigate the possibility of solid yields into activated carbon.

Co-processing of olive bagasse with crude rapeseed oil via pyrolysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 480-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suat Uçar ◽  
Selhan Karagöz
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Yield

The co-pyrolysis of olive bagasse with crude rapeseed oil at different blend ratios was investigated at 500ºC in a fixed bed reactor. The effect of olive bagasse to crude rapeseed oil ratio on the product distributions and properties of the pyrolysis products were comparatively investigated. The addition of crude rapeseed oil into olive bagasse in the co-pyrolysis led to formation of upgraded biofuels in terms of liquid yields and properties. While the pyrolysis of olive bagasse produced a liquid yield of 52.5 wt %, the highest liquid yield of 73.5 wt % was obtained from the co-pyrolysis of olive bagasse with crude rapeseed oil at a blend ratio of 1:4. The bio-oil derived from olive bagasse contained 5% naphtha, 10% heavy naphtha, 30% gas oil, and 55% heavy gas oil. In the case of bio-oil obtained from the co-pyrolysis of olive bagasse with crude rapeseed oil at a blend ratio of 1:4, the light naphtha, heavy naphtha, and light gas oil content increased. This is an indication of the improved characteristics of the bio-oil obtained from the co-processing. The heating value of bio-oil from the pyrolysis of olive bagasse alone was 34.6 MJ kg−1 and the heating values of bio-oils obtained from the co-pyrolysis of olive bagasse with crude rapeseed oil ranged from 37.6 to 41.6 MJ kg−1. It was demonstrated that the co-processing of waste biomass with crude plant oil is a good alternative to improve bio-oil yields and properties.

scholarly journals Effect of H-ZSM-5 and Al-MCM-41 Proportions in Catalyst Mixtures on the Composition of Bio-Oil in Ex-Situ Catalytic Pyrolysis of Lignocellulose Biomass

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devy Kartika Ratnasari ◽  
Anton Bijl ◽  
Weihong Yang ◽  
Pär Göran Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Lignocellulose Biomass ◽  
Mcm 41

The present work is an attempt to optimize the proportion of H-ZSM-5 and Al-MCM-41 in the catalyst mixtures for lignocellulose biomass catalytic pyrolysis. The H-ZSM-5 proportions of 50.0, 66.7, 75.0, and 87.5 wt.% were examined for the upgrading of biomass pyrolysis vapors in the fixed bed reactor. The catalyst mixture of 87.5 wt.% H-ZSM-5 and 12.5 wt.% Al-MCM-41 was found most effective in this study, giving a 65.75% deoxygenation degree. An organic-rich bio-oil was obtained with 74.90 wt.% of carbon content, 8 wt.% of hydrogen content, 15 wt.% oxygen content, a 0.39 wt.% water content, and a high heating value of 34.15 MJ/kg. The highest amount of desirable compounds among the studied catalytic experiments, which include hydrocarbons, phenols, furans, and alcohols, was obtained with a value of 95.89%. A significant improvement in the quality of bio-oil with the utilization of H-ZSM-5 and Al-MCM-41 catalyst mixtures was the rise of desirable compounds in bio-oil.

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