Heating System Supervisory Control for Residential Energy Conservation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D’Angelo R. Woods ◽  
James S. Hammonds
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Supervisory Control ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
System Control ◽  
Thermal Source ◽  
Storage Unit ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Energy Storage Unit

For most households space heating and domestic hot water production constitute the largest portion of energy consumption, which for a typical home space and water heating can comprise over 60% of the total energy usage. Therefore significant energy savings can be accomplished by using energy sources and systems for heating more efficiently. An approach discussed in this work uses system controls to better manage available resources and balance user comfort with efficient use of energy systems. In this work the results of a supervisory control approach applied to residential heating system are presented. The control system is characterized by a supervisory unit that controls the subsystems. The subsystems of this analysis include a thermal source and an energy storage unit. Dynamic thermal system control is demonstrated using a real-time, pseudo-hardware-in-the-loop test bench. The results show the potential reduction of energy consumption through advanced control implementation.

Directing Supervisory Control Towards Real HVAC System Integration

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron P. Wemhoff ◽  
William Flaherty
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Supervisory Control ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Variable Air Volume ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Transient System ◽  
Mc Method

Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems comprise a significant portion of U. S. energy consumption. A supervisory control approach allows for the reduction of HVAC energy used. The authors previously developed and discussed the Master Controller (MC) method as a type of supervisory control that minimizes HVAC energy consumption for a given system. This paper provides two advancements towards the application of the MC method in a real system. First, airflow constraints are incorporated into the MC algorithm. Second, an approach is developed for incorporating transient system loads that are calculated via commercial software. The constrained MC method is shown to produce energy savings of approximately 40% compared to a traditional Variable Air Volume (VAV) method and VAV method with chiller control for reducing HVAC energy consumption for an example system.

MEASURED ENERGY CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS OF A DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM UNDER DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE CONTROL STRATEGIES

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 1450008 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUNG-HWAN CHO ◽  
SEONG-KI HONG ◽  
SANG-HO CHOI ◽  
M. ZAHEERUDDIN
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Outdoor Temperature ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Hot Water Supply

In this study, the secondary side measured energy consumption of a district heating system (DHS) with different hot water supply temperature control methods was compared. Two control methods were evaluated: an outdoor temperature reset control (OTRC) and an outdoor temperature predictive control (OTPC). While the OTRC strategy has been widely used for energy savings in DHS, the results show that the OTPC strategy resulted in higher energy savings. In general, the OTPC strategy maintained lower supply water temperature, and thereby reduced standby losses and increased overall heat transfer rate to the heated spaces due to higher water mass flow rate to the spaces. During the actual energy consumption monitoring, the OTPC strategy saved about 6.6% more energy compared to that of OTRC strategy. Also, it was found that under partial load conditions, such as during the daytime, the fluctuations in hot water supply temperature with OTRC were more severe than OTPC strategy. Overall, the results showed that the OTPC strategy gave better control and was more stable under full load and partial load conditions.

scholarly journals AUDIT ENERGI PADA SEBUAH HOTEL

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Didik Ariwibowo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption ◽  
Pumping System

Didik Ariwibowo, in this paper explain that energy audit activities conducted through several phases, namely: the initial audit, detailed audit, analysis of energy savings opportunities, and the proposed energy savings. Total energy consumed consists of electrical energy, fuel, and materials in this case is water. Electrical energy consumption data obtained from payment of electricity accounts for a year while consumption of fuel and water obtained from the payment of material procurement. From the calculation data, IKE hotels accounted for 420.867 kWh/m2.tahun, while the IKE standards for the hotel is 300 kWh/m2.tahun. Thus, IKE hotel included categorized wasteful in energy usage. The largest energy consumption on electric energy consumption. Largest electric energy consumption is on the air conditioning (AC-air conditioning) that is equal to 71.3%, and lighting and electrical equipment at 27.28%, and hot water supply system by 4.44%. Electrical energy consumption in AC looks very big. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the statutes, the profile of energy use by air conditioning at the hotel by 48.5%. With these considerations in the AC target for audit detail as the next phase of activity. The results of a detailed audit analysis to find an air conditioning system energy savings opportunities in pumping systems. Recommendations on these savings is the integration of automation on the pumping system and fan coil units (FCU). The principle of energy conservation in the pumping system is by installing variable speed drives (VSD) pump drive motor to adjust speed according to load on the FCU. Load variations FCU provide input on the VSD pumps to match. Adaptation is predicted pump can save electricity consumption up to 65.7%. Keywords: energy audit, IKE, AC

scholarly journals Overview of Energy Savings and Efficiency Strategies at the University of Jordan Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Energy Auditing ◽  
Hospital Building ◽  
University Of Jordan ◽  
Solar Water Heating System ◽  
The University ◽  
Current Energy

The main objective of this study is to conduct an Energy Auditing of The University of Jordan Hospital. This hospital is quite known, as one of Jordan’s leading hospitals in human resources and equipment; however, the energy consumption of the hospital over the past few years has proven to be highly expensive. This makes the saving on costs of energy consumption a high priority that cannot be ignored. Energy audit covers the three main sections of the hospital: the Emergency Building, the Clinics Building and the Main Hospital Building. The consumption of energy, which costs the hospital a total of 2,778,426 JD/yr., can be categorized into three main parts, the lighting system, the diesel fuel consumption, and the consumption of water. After analyzing the energy invoices, and visiting the site for inspection, a list of recommended solutions that are applicable to cut down the total energy bill were derived. The implementation of renewable energy was suggested and studied of which a solar water heating system was proposed. A study on photovoltaic cells technology was performed for a sample of guest's rooms, the number of panels needed was found. After that, a feasibility study was conducted. The initial costs, annual savings and payback periods of the suggested system were estimated by the current market prices. It is found that the energy auditing and the solutions would be very beneficial as it will save a total annual value of 346,853 JDs (12.5% of the current energy bill).

scholarly journals Thermodynamic analysis on an instantaneous water heating system of shower wastewater source heat pump

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuguo Wu ◽  
Yake Jiang ◽  
Bo Gao ◽  
Zhigang Liu ◽  
Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Heat Transfer Area ◽  
Discharge Pressure

Abstract Water reuse and desalination systems are energy intensive processes, and their increasing use is leading energy consumption within water systems to be an increasingly important issue. Shower wastewater contains large amounts of heat, so there is an opportunity to recover energy from shower water to offset energy consumption elsewhere in water systems. This paper found ways to increase the output of hot water and lower the energy consumption by establishing a thermodynamic model of an instantaneous wastewater source heat pump. The system proved to be very effective, the heating COP (coefficient of performance) can reach 3.3 even in the winter. Under the conditions of limited heat transfer area, reducing the suction pressure of a compressor is a more feasible way to increase the hot water output to meet the needs of users rather than increasing the discharge pressure. Besides, increasing the heat transfer area of the evaporator is a more effective option. When the heat transfer area of evaporator varies from 0.5 to 1.0 square meters, a notable change is that the heating COP increases from 3.283 to 3.936. The heating COP in a system with a recuperator can reach 5.672, almost double that compared to the original systems.

scholarly journals Application of Neural Networks for Control of District Heating \ Wykorzystanie Sieci Neuronowych Do Regulacji W Ciepłownictwie

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Chmielnicki
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
System Control ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Quality Of Control ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
Non Linear

Abstract The annual usage of heat for the demand of heating systems in municipal sector has been estimated as about 650PJ. It is mostly addressed for the demand of central heating systems and hot water consumption. The mode of adopted solutions concerning regulation and control, as well as energy management system, essentially influence its consumption. In the case of residential buildings, the costs of energy constitute the greatest share related to the total cost of building maintenance. Providing buildings with modern digital systems for control and regulation of heating installations is a basic condition enabling their rational usage. In currently employed solutions, algorithms PI or PID are usually applied. However, due to the non-linear properties of heating control systems, they do not secure proper quality. The sequences are often unstable and major control deviations occur. The application of neural networks is an alternative solution to those presently employed. They are especially recommended for adaptive control of non-stationary systems. Such cases occur in heating objects since they demonstrate non-linear properties with a great range of variability of parameters; this especially refers to district heating equipped with flux-through heat exchangers. In this paper, a compile model of heating system control aided by neural networks is presented. The results of the investigation clearly prove the usefulness of such solutions, cause the quality of control is much better than that one applied in traditional systems. Presently, works on the implementation of the proposed solutions are under way.

scholarly journals District heating system simulation considering consumer and pump operation features

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 748-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saule K. Abildinova ◽  
Stanislav V. Chicherin
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Pump Station ◽  
Pump Equipment

Introduction. The purpose of this investigation is to show what changes introduced in the mathematical model of a district heating system are capable of considerable improving the convergence of simulation results and actual data. The study evaluates the work of heating supply establishments with their customers as well as analysis of the ways of enhancing pump equipment efficiency that allows saving electric energy or increasing output at the same energy consumption. Materials and methods. Engineering acceptance of newly introduced and reconstructed facilities is conducted, heat loads are corrected, disconnections and recurrent connections of indebted consumers are carried out. Studying data submitted by a local heat supply establishment shows that pump seals made from iron and steel are subject accelerated wear in the course of operation. Results. Three variants of the problem solution are suggested: making seals from bronze or stainless steel, prevention of unjustified increase of seal clearances as well as using labyrinth pump seals. This will allow increasing pump equipment efficiency by 5 to 7 % and save about 2 × 105 kW∙h of electrical energy for every pump or increase of output at the same energy consumption. Taking into account that a pump station is a part of the district heating system and unmachined inner surfaces of the pumps have a significant roughness, grinding of these surfaces can improve their hydraulic characteristics of the pumps. In the scope of the suggested method, the entire district heating system is considered not in the situation when actual load is equal to the sum of all the design loads and the pump equipment has manufacturer’s parameters, but accounting actual loads and characteristics. Conclusions. Mathematical model of district heating system heating and hydraulic mode that takes issues mentioned above into consideration would allow simulating joint operation of the heating and hot water supply systems at transient operation modes with higher accuracy.

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