Partitioning of Mercury and Other Trace Elements From Coal and Waste-Derived Fuels During Fluidised Bed Pyrolysis

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Zevenhoven ◽  
Jaakko Savolahti ◽  
Liselotte Verhoeven ◽  
Loay Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Toxic Trace Elements ◽  
Shredder Residue ◽  
Sulphur Oxides ◽  
Bed Material

The potential releases of toxic trace elements such as mercury, lead and arsenic call for emission control during fluidised bed (FB) combustion, pyrolysis or gasification of waste-derived fuels and fossil fuels. Control measures for sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides and particulates effectively remove many other pollutants from the exhaust gases as well, but mercury and several other trace elements are already problematic and this situation will only worsen with time. Besides the effect of temperature, gas atmosphere and halogens, the presence of other species, for example metal oxides, have an effect on under which conditions and in what form trace elements are released from fuels. Understanding the events of trace elements release from solid fuels during the pyrolysis or char combustion stage will provide a key to manipulating their partitioning and controlling their emissions. Pyrolysis experiments were made with coal, sewage sludge and automotive shredder residue (ASR) in a two-stage fluidised bed combustion (FBC) facility. An Ontario Hydro measurement train plus an additional sampling system were used to measure mercury and around fifteen other trace elements in the gases, and also char samples were taken and analysed. Results from these experiments are presented. An issue that is addressed explicitely is the bed material, which may be contaminated with significant amounts of toxic trace elements.

Fate and abatement of mercury and other trace elements in a coal fluidised bed oxy combustion pilot plant

Fuel ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 272-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Font ◽  
P. Córdoba ◽  
C. Leiva ◽  
L.M. Romeo ◽  
I. Bolea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Fluidised Bed

scholarly journals Микроэлементы и региональная частота аутоиммунного заболевания щитовидной железы среди детей России

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.А. Сопрун ◽  
И.М. Акулин ◽  
А.Н. Гвоздецкий ◽  
Ю.И. Строев ◽  
В.И. Утехин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Adjuvant Effect ◽  
Toxic Trace Elements ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Autoimmune Pathology ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation

The paper presents data on relationships between the regional incidence of the autoimmune pathology of the thyroid gland among children in Russia and the contents of some microelements in their hair, namely those known to have an adjuvant effect on the immune system. The results relate to all Federal Districts of Russia in 2008-2017. А regression model of these relationships is proposed. It has been shown that the region-specific contents of iodine and mercury but not aluminium in the hair of children positively correlate with the regional incidence of Graves’ disease. Thus, an increase in the exposure to an essential microelement in excess of need, as well as an increase in the exposure of toxic trace elements, can adversely affect autoimmunity. The data are discussed in comparison with literature on this topic and in the context of predicting and preventing the risk of autoimmune thyroid disease in pediatrics, especially with regard to the optimal choice of vaccines. The issues related to the permissive effect of the various factors that form the mosaic of autoimmunity, on the resulting changes in reactivity are addressed. The bill for obligatory iodization of cooking salt in the Russian Federation is criticized because it does not take into account regional differences in the availability of trace elements.

scholarly journals Performance and Emission Test on a CI Engine By using Algae Oil as an Alternative Fuel

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1164-1169
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Smoke Detector ◽  
Environment And Public Health ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Sulphur Oxides ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Algae Oil

Currently the Biggest threat to environment and public health is Air Pollution which is caused by emissions of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides and sulphur oxides by burning of fossil fuels. In recent years consumption of fossil fuels by various factories has rapidly increased that has let for the search of alternative fuels. These fuels are also known as non-conventional fuels which can be used as a substitute for conventional fuels Algae oil is one of the promising potential sources of bio-fuels generated from microbes. It is generally preferred because it is sustainable and environment-friendly oil which have numerous advantages. So the algae oil has used for performance and emission test on a diesel engine. The blends have been made for testing B5, B10. In which 5% of methanol has mixed and others are raw algae oil (5% for B5 and 10% for B10) and Diesel (90% for B5 and 85% for B10). The Kirlosker Engine with 6.97 HP (5.2KW)@1500rpm is used for Performance analyzing. Parallels AVL emission analyzer and smoke detector were connected with the exhaust of the engine. All values of gases were displayed and compared.

Trace Element Deficiency and Cot Deaths

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Raie ◽  
H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Toxic Trace Elements ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element Deficiency

The level of 10 trace elements (As, Br, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Se, Zn) in infant tissues (5 cot deaths, 4 other causes) are presented. These levels are compared with the normal adult levels for the same area or with the levels presented in the literature. The concentrations of 5 trace elements (As, Cu, Hg, Mn, Se) in human milk and 4 brands of artificial milks are also given and the intake of these trace elements from human and artificial milk for infants up to the age of 6 months is calculated. It is concluded that some artificial milks contain less of some essential trace elements (e.g. Cu and Se) and are richer in toxic trace elements (e.g. Hg and As). The suggestion of deficiency of the reported trace elements as a cause of cot deaths is rejected.

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