Practical Use of Unsteady CFD and FEM Forced Response Calculation in the Design of Axial Turbocharger Turbines
One of the challenges in the design of rotating machinery is the issue of vibrations. The structure, no matter if talking about compressors or turbines, is subject to various sources of excitation that lead to vibrations under resonance conditions. This paper deals with the question of turbine blade vibrations. It describes practical examples of the implementation of unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and forced response calculation by means of finite element methods (FEM) applied to the design and development procedure of axial turbocharger turbines. The four examples deal with various questions which rise at different stages in the development process of turbines. One example concerns to the expected excitation of the rotor due to the stator. It demonstrates the advantages of using CFD in the prediction of this kind of excitation. Another one deals with an engine application, for which the influence of the inlet housing on the blade excitation had to be assessed. Both examples rely on the comparison of calculated excitation to the corresponding experimental strain gauge measurement for a reference case. This reference case can be used for calibration. A further case study concerns to blade vibrations in pulse charging systems. It was the intention not only to determine a spatial resolution of the excitation, but also to calculate true stresses by means of forced response calculations with FEM. In this example first bending mode shapes of the turbine blade of a rather simple type were investigated. Higher, more complex mode shapes were also investigated to prove the method. In this example, dynamic stresses were also estimated, using calculated excitation as input for forced response calculations. The results show that the use of modern numerical methods reduces cost and required time in the design of axial turbocharger turbines. They help to substantially reduce the experimental effort, while even more complete information concerning excitation and response of the structure is made available for the designer.