Development of Hybrid Power Systems Based on Direct Fuel Cell/Turbine Cycle

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ghezel-Ayagh ◽  
Robert Sanderson ◽  
Jim Walzak
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Hybrid Power

FuelCell Energy Inc. (FCE) is developing ultra high efficiency Direct FuelCell/Turbine® (DFC/T®) hybrid power plants. Present activities are focused both on the demonstration of the DFC/T concept in small packaged hybrid power generation units for distributed generation, and the design of multi-megawatt (Multi-MW) hybrid systems for the wholesale electric power market. The development of Multi-MW DFC/T systems has been focused on the on the design of power plants with efficiencies approaching 75% (LHV of natural gas). The design efforts included thermodynamic cycle analysis of key gas turbine parameters such as compression ratio. The power plant designs were studied for near-term deployment utilizing the existing commercially available gas turbines and long-term deployment requiring advanced gas turbine technologies. A new fuel cell cluster concept was developed for mechanical design of Multi-MW systems. The concept utilizes the existing one-MW fuel cell modules as the building block for the Multi-MW hybrid systems.

Assessment of the Potential of Combined Micro Gas Turbine and High Temperature Fuel Cell Systems

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Bohn ◽  
Nathalie Po¨ppe ◽  
Joachim Lepers
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Cell Systems ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Technological Assessment

The present paper reports a detailed technological assessment of two concepts of integrated micro gas turbine and high temperature (SOFC) fuel cell systems. The first concept is the coupling of micro gas turbines and fuel cells with heat exchangers, maximising availability of each component by the option for easy stand-alone operation. The second concept considers a direct coupling of both components and a pressurised operation of the fuel cell, yielding additional efficiency augmentation. Based on state-of-the-art technology of micro gas turbines and solid oxide fuel cells, the paper analyses effects of advanced cycle parameters based on future material improvements on the performance of 300–400 kW combined micro gas turbine and fuel cell power plants. Results show a major potential for future increase of net efficiencies of such power plants utilising advanced materials yet to be developed. For small sized plants under consideration, potential net efficiencies around 70% were determined. This implies possible power-to-heat-ratios around 9.1 being a basis for efficient utilisation of this technology in decentralised CHP applications.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Cycle Concepts for High-Efficiency Power Plans. Part A: Public Power Plants 60+

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kosowski ◽  
Karol Tucki ◽  
Marian Piwowarski ◽  
Robert Stępień ◽  
Olga Orynycz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Public Power ◽  
Pass System ◽  
Classical Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

An analysis was carried out for different thermodynamic cycles of power plants with air turbines. Variants with regeneration and different cogeneration systems were considered. In the paper, we propose a new modification of a gas turbine cycle with the combustion chamber at the turbine outlet. A special air by-pass system of the combustor was applied and, in this way, the efficiency of the turbine cycle was increased by a few points. The proposed cycle equipped with a regenerator can provide higher efficiency than a classical gas turbine cycle with a regenerator. The best arrangements of combined air–steam cycles achieved very high values for overall cycle efficiency—that is, higher than 60%. An increase in efficiency to such degree would decrease fuel consumption, contribute to the mitigation of carbon dioxide emissions, and strengthen the sustainability of the region served by the power plant. This increase in efficiency might also contribute to the economic resilience of the area.

scholarly journals A Real-Time Degradation Model for Hardware in the Loop Simulation of Fuel Cell Gas Turbine Hybrid Systems

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Zaccaria ◽  
Alberto Traverso ◽  
David Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Fuel Utilization ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
The Impact

The theoretical efficiencies of gas turbine fuel cell hybrid systems make them an ideal technology for the future. Hybrid systems focus on maximizing the utilization of existing energy technologies by combining them. However, one pervasive limitation that prevents the commercialization of such systems is the relatively short lifetime of fuel cells, which is due in part to several degradation mechanisms. In order to improve the lifetime of hybrid systems and to examine long-term stability, a study was conducted to analyze the effects of electrochemical degradation in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) model. The SOFC model was developed for hardware-in-the-loop simulation with the constraint of real-time operation for coupling with turbomachinery and other system components. To minimize the computational burden, algebraic functions were fit to empirical relationships between degradation and key process variables: current density, fuel utilization, and temperature. Previous simulations showed that the coupling of gas turbines and SOFCs could reduce the impact of degradation as a result of lower fuel utilization and more flexible current demands. To improve the analytical capability of the model, degradation was incorporated on a distributed basis to identify localized effects and more accurately assess potential failure mechanisms. For syngas fueled systems, the results showed that current density shifted to underutilized sections of the fuel cell as degradation progressed. Over-all, the time to failure was increased, but the temperature difference along cell was increased to unacceptable levels, which could not be determined from the previous approach.

Fuel cell system modeling for solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine hybrid power plants, Part I: Modeling and simulation framework

2011 ◽  
Vol 196 (3) ◽  
pp. 1205-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Leucht ◽  
Wolfgang G. Bessler ◽  
Josef Kallo ◽  
K. Andreas Friedrich ◽  
H. Müller-Steinhagen
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Simulation Framework ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Hybrid Power

Advanced Control for Clusters of SOFC/Gas Turbine Hybrid Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iacopo Rossi ◽  
Valentina Zaccaria ◽  
Alberto Traverso
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Target System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Advanced Control ◽  
Complex Target

The use of model predictive control (MPC) in advanced power systems can be advantageous in controlling highly coupled variables and optimizing system operations. Solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine (SOFC/GT) hybrids are an example where advanced control techniques can be effectively applied. For example, to manage load distribution among several identical generation units characterized by different temperature distributions due to different degradation paths of the fuel cell stacks. When implementing an MPC, a critical aspect is the trade-off between model accuracy and simplicity, the latter related to a fast computational time. In this work, a hybrid physical and numerical approach was used to reduce the number of states necessary to describe such complex target system. The reduced number of states in the model and the simple framework allow real-time performance and potential extension to a wide range of power plants for industrial application, at the expense of accuracy losses, discussed in the paper.

Applying Combined Pinch and Exergy Analysis to Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine System Design

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Dhole ◽  
J. P. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Practical Design ◽  
Pinch Technology

Pinch technology has developed into a powerful tool for thermodynamic analysis of chemical processes and associated utilities, resulting in significant energy savings. Conventional pinch analysis identifies the most economical energy consumption in terms of heat loads and provides practical design guidelines to achieve this. However, in analyzing systems involving heat and power, for example, steam and gas turbines, etc., pure heat load analysis is insufficient. Exergy analysis, on the other hand, provides a tool for heat and power analysis, although at times it does not provide clear practical design guidelines. An appropriate combination of pinch and exergy analysis can provide practical methodology for the analysis of heat and power systems. The methodology has been successfully applied to refrigeration systems. This paper introduces the application of a combined pinch and exergy approach to commercial power plants with a demonstration example of a closed-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) system. Efficiency improvement of about 0.82 percent (50.2 to 51.02 percent) can be obtained by application of the new approach. More importantly, the approach can be used as an analysis and screening tool for the various design improvements and is generally applicable to any commercial power generation facility.

scholarly journals Advanced Aeroderivative Gas Turbines in Coal-Based High Performance Power Systems (HIPPS)

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Robson ◽  
D. J. Seery
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Near Term

The Department of Energy’s Federal Energy Technology Center (FETC) is sponsoring the Combustion 2000 Program aimed at introducing clean and more efficient advanced technology coal-based power systems in the early 21st century. As part of this program, the United Technologies Research Center has assembled a seven member team to identify and develop the technology for a High Performance Power Systems (HIPPS) that will provide in the near term, 47% efficiency (HHV), and meet emission goals only one-tenth of current New Source Performance Standards for coal-fired power plants. In addition, the team is identifying advanced technologies that could result in HIPPS with efficiencies approaching 55% (HHV). The HIPPS is a combined cycle that uses a coal-fired High Temperature Advanced Furnace (HITAF) to preheat compressor discharge air in both convective and radiant heaters. The heated air is then sent to the gas turbine where additional fuel, either natural gas or distillate, is burned to raise the temperature to the levels of modern gas turbines. Steam is raised in the HITAF and in a Heat Recovery Steam Generator for the steam bottoming cycle. With state-of-the-art frame type gas turbines, the efficiency goal of 47% is met in a system with more than two-thirds of the heat input furnished by coal. By using advanced aeroderivative engine technology, HIPPS in combined-cycle and Humid Air Turbine (HAT) cycle configurations could result in efficiencies of over 50% and could approach 55%. The following paper contains descriptions of the HIPPS concept including the HITAF and heat exchangers, and of the various gas turbine configurations. Projections of HIPPS performance, emissions including significant reduction in greenhouse gases are given. Application of HIPPS to repowering is discussed.

Advances in Direct Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine Power Plants

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ghezel-Ayagh ◽  
Joseph M. Daly ◽  
Zhao-Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Hybrid Power Systems ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
T System

This paper summarizes the recent progress in the development of hybrid power systems based on Direct FuelCell/Turbine® (DFC/T®). The DFC/T system is capable of achieving efficiencies well in excess of state-of-the-art gas turbine combined cycle power plants but in much smaller size plants. The advances include the execution of proof-of-concept tests of a fuel cell stack integrated with a microturbine. The DFC/T design concept has also been extended to include the existing gas turbine technologies as well as more advanced ones. This paper presents the results of successful sub-MW proof-of-concept testing, sub-MW field demonstration plans, and parametric analysis of multi-MW DFC/T power plant cycle.

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