A Study of On-Line and Off-Line Turbine Washing to Optimize the Operation of a Gas Turbine

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meherwan P. Boyce ◽  
Francisco Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Time Period ◽  
On Line ◽  
One Year ◽  
Gas Turbine Compressor ◽  
Isentropic Efficiency ◽  
Proper Condition

This paper highlights the procedure followed in order to establish an effective on-line and off line water wash program on a fleet of 36 small industrial turbines. To determine the efficacy of water washing a program of tests under controlled conditions was organized. With proper condition monitoring techniques, a set of tests were developed in order to identify the proper water wash frequency and the dissolving agent used to water wash. The goal of the water wash program is to maximize turbine power, and efficiency; while minimizing maintenance labor, and material. The Gas Turbine Compressor Isentropic Efficiency, the overall heat rate, and the overall thermal efficiency were used to compare the tests and evaluate the performance of different water wash frequencies and solvents. 8760 points defined each test as the data was taken over a one year time period, at a one hour interval.

A Study of On-Line and Off-Line Turbine Washing to Optimize the Operation of a Gas Turbine

2005 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meherwan P. Boyce ◽  
Francisco Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Water Washing ◽  
Time Period ◽  
On Line ◽  
Gas Turbine Compressor ◽  
Isentropic Efficiency ◽  
Proper Condition

This paper highlights the procedure followed in order to establish an effective on-line and off line water wash program on a fleet of 36 small industrial turbines. To determine the efficacy of water washing, a program of tests under controlled conditions was organized. With proper condition monitoring techniques, a set of tests were developed in order to identify the proper water wash frequency and the dissolving agent used to water wash. The goal of the water wash program is to maximize turbine power, and efficiency, while minimizing maintenance labor, and material. The gas turbine compressor isentropic efficiency, the overall heat rate, and the overall thermal efficiency were used to compare the tests and evaluate the performance of different water wash frequencies and solvents. 8760 points defined each test as the data were taken over a 1yr time period, at a 1h interval.

Gas Turbine Compressor Interstage Cooling Using Methanol

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 859-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. C. Fortin ◽  
M. F. Bardon
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Computer Analysis ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Compressor Inlet ◽  
Gas Turbine Compressor

An earlier study demonstrated the theoretical potential of the concept of injecting methanol into a gas turbine compressor inlet as a means of increasing cycle thermal efficiency. To attain the full potential of such a system, continuous shifting vapour/liquid equilibrium is required which would pose formidable difficulties in practice due to the presence of liquid in the compressor blading. This study evaluates a more practicable configuration in which the alcohol is injected between stages of a multistage machine so that, due to the higher air temperatures, evaporation is complete before the mixture enters subsequent stages. Through a computer analysis, it is shown that this arrangement would retain most of the potential of the concept while greatly reducing the design and operating problems.

scholarly journals Pressure Drop Measurements and Simulations for the Protective Mesh Screen Before the Gas Turbine Compressor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L X Nie ◽  
Y Yin ◽  
L Y Yan ◽  
S W Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Metal Mesh ◽  
Pressure Fields ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Mesh Screen ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
Gas Turbine Compressor

This paper characterizes the pressure drop of incompressible airflow when passing by a metal mesh screen which acts as a protection from sucking foreign solid matters before the gas turbine compressor. The wire diameter is 1.2mm and the mesh number is 3. Two experiments are conducted in different time period of a day to guarantee the experimental repeatability. The experimental data are used in regression analysis to obtain a quadratic correlation between the pressure drop across the screen and the fluid velocity. Numerical simulations are utilized to investigate detailed velocity and pressure fields around the wires and the Standard k-ε turbulence model is used. The results show that the fluid suffers from around 140Pa and 250Pa total pressure drop at the velocity of 20m/s and 30m/s respectively. The pressure closely upstream of the wires is as high as 4 times of the inlet flow level, while wide negative pressure regions are observed downstream of the wires resulting from fluid stagnation, reverse flow and recirculation. The empirical correlation obtained in the paper has a high confidence level and can be used in calculating the overall pressure drop of the gas turbine air intake system.

Analysis of Operational Effects on Cooled H-Class Gas Turbines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selcuk Can Uysal ◽  
James B. Black
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Performance Parameters

Abstract During the operation of an industrial gas turbine, the engine deviates from its new condition performance because of several effects including dirt build-up, compressor fouling, material erosion, oxidation, corrosion, turbine blade burning or warping, thermal barrier coating (TBC) degradation, and turbine blade cooling channel clogging. Once these problems cause a significant impact on engine performance, maintenance actions are taken by the operators to restore the engine to new performance levels. It is important to quantify the impacts of these operational effects on the key engine performance parameters such as power output, heat rate and thermal efficiency for industrial gas turbines during the design phase. This information can be used to determine an engine maintenance schedule, which is directly related to maintenance costs during the anticipated operational time. A cooled gas turbine performance analysis model is used in this study to determine the impacts of the TBC degradation and compressor fouling on the engine performance by using three different H-Class gas turbine scenarios. The analytical tool that is used in this analysis is the Cooled Gas Turbine Model (CGTM) that was previously developed in MATLAB Simulink®. The CGTM evaluates the engine performance using operating conditions, polytropic efficiencies, material properties and cooling system information. To investigate the negative impacts on engine performance due to structural changes in TBC material, compressor fouling, and their combined effect, CGTM is used in this study for three different H-Class engine scenarios that have various compressor pressure ratios, turbine inlet temperatures, and power and thermal efficiency outputs; each determined to represent different classes of recent H-Class gas turbines. Experimental data on the changes in TBC performance are used as an input to the CGTM as a change in the TBC Biot number to observe the impacts on engine performance. The effect of compressor fouling is studied by changing the compressor discharge pressures and polytropic compressor efficiencies within the expected reduction ranges. The individual and combined effects of compressor fouling and TBC degradation are presented for the shaft power output, thermal efficiency and heat rate performance parameters. Possible improvements for the designers to reduce these impacts, and comparison of the reductions in engine performance parameters of the studied H-Class engine scenarios are also provided.

Marine Gas Turbine Condition Monitoring by Gas Path Electrostatic Detection Techniques

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Cartwright ◽  
C. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Debris Particles ◽  
On Line ◽  
Path Condition ◽  
Condition Monitoring System ◽  
And Performance

It was discovered in 1970 that certain gas turbine failures are preceded by an increase in electrostatic activity in the exhaust gases. Joint research by the Royal Aerospace Establishment and Stewart Hughes Limited demonstrated that this characteristic could be used to provide an on-line monitor of the precursors to these failures. An extension of the research applied the theory to the detection of foreign objects ingested into engine inlets. The characteristics and performance of both the Ingested Debris Monitoring System (IDMS) and Engine Distress Monitoring System (EDMS) were examined during a recent 2000 hours endurance trial of a Rolls-Royce Marine Spey gas turbine. The EDMS produced clear evidence of the minor combustor degradation that occurred steadily throughout the trial and also reflected the absence of other engine damage. IDMS data showed that few significant debris particles passed through the engine. Video endoscope and visual inspection confirmed these results. Debris seeding trials further explored the capability of the IDMS to identify the damaging nature of debris and to assess the EDMS signature of consequential engine damage. The paper concludes that electrostatic monitoring at engine inlet and exhaust can identify the ingestion of debris, consequential engine damage and the onset of unexpected distresses caused by blade rubs or combustor degradation. The technique shows potential to provide early warning of certain types of engine damage to Engineer Officers at sea and development into a rugged gas path condition monitoring system continues.

Parametric Modeling of Exhaust Gas Emission From Natural Gas Fired Gas Turbines

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Bakken ◽  
L. Skogly
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
On Line ◽  
Condition Monitoring System ◽  
Line Condition

Increased focus on air pollution from gas turbines in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea has resulted in taxes on CO2. Statements made by the Norwegian authorities imply regulations and/or taxes on NOx emissions in the near future. The existing CO2 tax of NOK 0.82/Sm3 (US Dollars 0.12/Sm3) and possible future tax on NOx are analyzed mainly with respect to operating and maintenance costs for the gas turbine. Depending on actual tax levels, the machine should be operated on full load/optimum thermal efficiency or part load to reduce specific exhaust emissions. Based on field measurements, exhaust emissions (CO2, CO, NOx, N20, UHC, etc.) are established with respect to load and gas turbine performance, including performance degradation. Different NOx emission correlations are analyzed based on test results, and a proposed prediction model presented. The impact of machinery performance degradation on emission levels is particularly analyzed. Good agreement is achieved between measured and predicted NOx emissions from the proposed correlation. To achieve continuous exhaust emission control, the proposed NOx model is implemented to the on-line condition monitoring system on the Sleipner A platform, rather than introducing sensitive emission sensors in the exhaust gas stack. The on-line condition monitoring system forms an important tool in detecting machinery condition/degradation and air pollution, and achieving optimum energy conservation.

scholarly journals Gas Turbine Compressor Washing State of the Art — Field Experiences

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Stalder
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Maintenance Program ◽  
On Line ◽  
Gas Turbine Compressor

Technology development in gas turbine compressor washing over the last 10 years and today’s state of the art technology is presented in this paper. Based on various long term field tests and observations, correlation between rate of power degradation and atmospheric conditions can be established. Questions about compressor on line washing with water alone against the use of detergents, as well as washing frequencies are also addressed in this paper. Performance degradation behavior between gas turbines of different sizes and models can be explained with an index of sensitivity to fouling. The implementation of an optimised regime, of on line and off line washing in the preventive turbine maintenance program is important, it will improve the plant profitability by reducing the costs of energy production and contribute to a cleaner environment.

scholarly journals Modified Combined Cycle With Pressure Fluidized Bed Combustion Boiler

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Dzierzgowski ◽  
Stanislaw Sobkowski
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Gas Turbine Compressor

The article describes conversion of conventional steam cycle with 200 MW turbine into combined steam-gas cycle with pressure fluidized bed combustion boiler. In order to raise cycle thermal efficiency an additional combustion chamber before a gas turbine was introduced. Two modifications of the combined cycle were considered. In one of them natural gas in the additional combustion chamber is burnt with the boiler flue gas only. In the other gas is burnt with additional air stream taken from behind the gas turbine compressor. Optimizing calculations of the cycle thermal efficiency in function of some cycle’s main parameters were carried out.

Gas Turbine Compressor Washing State of the Art: Field Experiences1

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-P. Stalder
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Maintenance Program ◽  
On Line ◽  
Gas Turbine Compressor

Technology development in gas turbine compressor washing over the last 10 years and today’s state of the art technology is presented in this paper. Based on various long term field tests and observations, correlation between rate of power degradation and atmospheric conditions can be established. Questions about compressor on line washing with water alone against the use of detergents, as well as washing frequencies are also addressed in this paper. Performance degradation behavior between gas turbines of different sizes and models can be explained with an index of sensitivity to fouling. The implementation of an optimized regime of on line and off line washing in the preventive turbine maintenance program is important. It will improve the plant profitability by reducing the costs of energy production and contribute to a cleaner environment.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis and forecasting of isentropic efficiency of gas turbine compressor with ARIMA, VAR, NARNN and ANFIS approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 1207 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
Jiachi Yao ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Yunfeng Jin ◽  
Gaofeng Deng ◽  
Yunlong Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Variation Trend ◽  
Absolute Percentage Error ◽  
Anfis Method ◽  
Heavy Duty Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine Compressor ◽  
Isentropic Efficiency

Abstract It is extremely important to monitor the status of gas turbine to ensure its safe and reliable operation. In this work, the variation trend of isentropic efficiency of compressor is analysed based on the measured data of F-class heavy-duty gas turbine in practical industrial application. The actual measured data of F-class heavy-duty gas turbine includes the data under start-stop and unstable working conditions, which cannot be directly used for calculation and analysis. To solve this problem, the data selection rules are designed and determined according to the operating conditions of gas turbine to select the data under effective working state. The isentropic efficiency of compressor is calculated based on the selected data. Then the forecasting effects of four forecasting methods on the variation trend of isentropic efficiency of compressor are studied. Four indexes, namely, symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE), and similarity (SIM) values are utilized to evaluate the forecasting accuracy. The research results indicate that the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) method has better forecasting effect than Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Vector Autoregression (VAR) and Nonlinear Autoregression Neural Network (NARNN) for this F-class heavy-duty gas turbine. Through the ANFIS method, the SIM up to 96.77%, the SMAPE and MAPE are less than 0.1, and the RMSE is only 0.1157. Therefore, the ANFIS method is suitable for forecasting the isentropic efficiency of this F-class heavy-duty gas turbine compressor.

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